Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 9.0 Wind lines and more intensely developed. Distribution lines extend throughout the area and could be used in a distributed generation scenario. Alternatively, installation of 3 or more miles of new transmission line over flat terrain may be feasible. Land ownership in this area is mixed, with Grove Farm as the largest single land holder. Any wind development would need to be carefully approached to minimize local tourism impact. Due to the accessibility of the site and proximity to loads Black & Veatch ranked this site as a “moderate” priority for further investigation. 9.3.10 Site #10: Maha’ulepu Maha’ulepu is another area of excellent wind resource. It extends inland from the south east coast and is near the major load centers of Lihue and Kapaa. The inland end of this ridge comes reasonably close to Highway 50 and transmission lines pass through it. Further stages extending coastward could be developed. According to the wind map, a site with approximately 10 MW of potential is available at the western end of this area near Highway 50. This site has class 5 and 6 winds yielding an estimated capacity factor of 34 to 37 percent. An additional 50 to 100 MW of expansion is possible following the ridge eastward, where capacity factors of up to 40 percent could be expected. The area has a high cultural value and other proposed (non-wind) developments have been challenged. It is also very scenic and visible from Highway 50. The ridge is steep and construction could be difficult. Land ownership is split between the A.E. Knudsen, Grove farm, and others. Due to the strong wind resource and proximity to load centers, Black & Veatch ranked this site as a “moderate” priority for further investigation. 9.3.11 Site #11: Offshore Large areas of ocean to the northwest and southwest of Kauai show excellent wind resource potential on the wind maps with class 6 and 7 winds. However the ocean shelf drops off quickly in both of these areas making them unsuitable for existing commercial offshore technology. Deep water off shore power is not yet a proven technology, so Black & Veatch ranked this site as a “low” priority for further investigation. 9.3.12 Project Area Summary Table 9-1 shows a summary of the project areas characterized. Excluding the offshore resource, over 600 MW of potential projects have been identified. The two highest priority sites are the area south of Kalaheo (Area #1) and the ridges near Anahola (Area #8). In the remainder of the report, Black & Veatch will focus on characterizing projects in high potential areas. Nearby wind data will be used as a reference. Black & 21 March 2005 9-10 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 9.0 Wind Veatch will also compare the relative merits of the medium priority sites. Low priority sites will not be reviewed in any further detail. Area Constructability Table 9-1. Project Option Screening. Transmission Access Potential MW Wind Class Capacity Factor Suitable for Dist. Project? Priority 1: Kalaheo good good 100+ 4-5 35% yes high 2: Omao fair good 15-55 5-6 34-40% yes moderate 3: Waialeale bad bad 100+ 6-7 40%+ no low 4: Kuahua bad bad 50 5-7 35-40% no low 5: Hanapepe fair fair 100+ 5-7 36% no moderate 6: Kokee good fair 15 5-6 35-38% yes moderate 7: Kalalau bad bad 100+ 6-7 40%+ no low 8: Anahola fair fair 25 4-6 34% yes high 9: Poipu good good 100+ 3-5 30-33% yes moderate 10: Maha’ulepu fair good 10-100 5-6 34-40% no moderate 11: Offshore bad bad 100+ 6 40%+ no low 9.4 Project Technical Description This section provides an overview of project scale, turbine selection, and project conceptual design for each moderate and high ranked wind resource area. 9.4.1 Project Scale There are two different philosophies for wind power development that can be used on the island: a central expandable wind plant, and distributed generation. A central wind plant involves placing all turbines in a single high wind resource area and providing for successive stages of development. This approach provides for construction and wind assessment economies of scale as well as maintenance and dispatch convenience. More detailed wind resource assessment is also feasible at a single site. A central plant concentrates the visual impact and can limit the number of property owners involved. Future additions of wind power at the central plant may be facilitated since community concerns, permitting, transmission issues, and roads have in large part been addressed. A distributed generation strategy involves placing smaller groups or single turbines in multiple locations. Smaller groups of turbines can potentially use distribution-level utility lines instead of main transmission lines to collect power. Wind 21 March 2005 9-11 Black & Veatch
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11401 Lamar Black & Veatch Corporat
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Principal Investigators: Ryan Pletk
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