Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 8.0 Hydro as promising. This effort would bring potential hydropower projects to a feasibility level of study. 8.8.1 Additional Sources The following sources may prove helpful for a further evaluation of the identified projects: • Source data for 1981 Corps of Engineers National Hydropower Resources Study Regional Assessment for Alaska and Hawaii. • State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources reports on Waialeale and Kokee Hydroelectric Projects • Additional sources of information for used Department of Energy study assessments • Power generation records from the Wainiha, Upper Lihue, and Waimea Mauka hydropower plants • Conceptual design reports, plans, data and calculations prepared by McBryde Sugar Company in the 1980’s for Wainiha • Conceptual design reports, plans, data and calculations available at Gay & Robinson for projects at Waimea Mauka Powerhouse and in the Kokee region. • Planning documents prepared by Northwest Power for the Wailua Hydroelectric Project. 8.8.2 Feasibility Study To bring specific hydropower projects to a feasibility level of effort, the following activities are recommended for each selected project: • Complete one-day site visit • Perform site specific hydrological studies to develop a powerhouse hydrographs • Explore site specific constraints with government resource and planning agencies and affected or interested businesses, groups and individuals. • Develop conceptual design plan from which quantities for construction could be estimated and costed. 21 March 2005 8-28 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 9.0 Wind 9.0 Wind The wind regime throughout Kauai is varied with respect to its strength and accessibility. This section provides an overview of resources on the island and identifies eleven potential project areas. Out of these, seven potential sites were labeled as medium or high priority, and are characterized here. 9.1 Basis for Assessment The single most critical factor of wind energy development is the wind resource. Using a wind resource map for Kauai developed by the Hawaii Wind Working Group and validated by the U.S. Department of Energy, Black & Veatch and KIUC identified 11 potential locations for wind energy project development. Black & Veatch has further assessed each site based on overall wind resource and associated energy production potential, the feasibility of construction at each site, the site’s proximity to appropriate transmission lines, and other factors. Based on these criteria, Black & Veatch classified each site as having a “low”, “moderate” or “high” potential to support a wind energy project. Evaluation of each site is provided in Section 9.3. In addition, a limited amount of anemometer data was available for analysis. This information was assessed for applicability to the sites and used when appropriate. 9.2 Assessment of Contributing Resource In general, the wind resource on Kauai is sufficient such that it should not limit the amount of wind energy which may be productively developed on the island (refer to Section 3.8 for a more complete discussion). The most likely limit to wind power development will be the amount of wind-generated electricity that can be productively integrated in to the KIUC system. Black & Veatch was directed by KIUC to investigate wind energy options up to 7 MW in nameplate rating, which is approximately 10 percent of the island’s peak load. Larger projects may be incorporated in the future once operational experience at this level of penetration proves such expansions practical. Wind is created primarily by global temperature fluctuations and thermal interactions between land, sea, and air. Wind energy systems convert the power of moving air into electricity. Aerodynamic forces act on the rotor to convert the linear motion of the wind stream into the rotational motion needed to turn an electrical generator. The available power in the kinetic energy of the wind is given by the relation: P = ½ρAV 3 21 March 2005 9-1 Black & Veatch
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