Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 1.0 Executive Summary The cost of energy results demonstrate that there are numerous technologies with generation costs below $100/MWh (10 cents/kWh), which is lower than KIUC’s current avoided energy cost. Low cost options include wind, biomass cofiring, hydro, municipal solid waste (MSW), and landfill gas. The Kauai resource potential results demonstrate that in addition to there being numerous low cost power options, renewable resources are abundant on Kauai. There are several resources that could theoretically meet all of Kauai’s electrical energy needs, which totaled about 430 GWh in 2003. These include direct fired biomass and solar thermal in the near term, and in the long term, ethanol, ocean thermal, ocean wave, solar photovoltaic, and wind. Biodiesel and hydroelectric also have good potential. The cost of energy and resource potential criteria were combined with the other measures and applied over 3, 5, 10 and 20 years. The results for each period are shown in Figure 1-3. In general, the scores trend upward over the 20 year evaluation period. The reasons for this are improvements in cost of electricity, developable resource, and technology maturity. Based on the results of the screening analysis, Black & Veatch recommended that landfill gas, wind, hydro, direct fired biomass, and MSW mass burn be examined in Phase 2. KIUC concurred with this recommendation. Following a discussion of renewable energy financial incentives, the remainder of this section summarizes the project assessments performed for these five technologies. Selected project locations are shown in Figure 1-4. 1.4 Renewable Energy Financial Incentives A number of state and federal renewable energy development incentives were examined for applicability to KIUC and the types of projects analyzed in Phase 2. There are two basic types of incentives, tax related and non-tax related, such as grants and green pricing programs. The primary means by which the federal government has supported the development of renewable energy is through the production tax credit (PTC), reduced depreciation life, and the renewable energy production incentive (REPI). After a recent expansion, the PTC now provides $18/MWh (inflation adjusted) for wind, solar, geothermal, and closed loop biomass. The PTC is also available at $9/MWh for openloop biomass, small hydro, and municipal waste. Wind and closed-loop biomass receive PTC for 10 years, other technologies receive credit for 5 years. The reduced depreciation life incentive allows taxable entities to depreciate some renewable energy equipment over a period of five years. REPI provides for payments of about $18/MWh to public utilities and governmental entities for the production of renewable energy; however, this credit expired at the end of 2003. 21 March 2005 1-5 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 1.0 Executive Summary 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 Wind Hydro Biomass Biodiesel Ethanol Solar PV LFG Hydro Wind Biomass MSW Solar Thermal RDF Biodiesel Ethanol Wave Solar PV Biomass 21 March 2005 1-6 Black & Veatch LFG Wind Cofiring Plasma Hydro MSW OTEC RDF Solar Thermal Biodiesel Ethanol Wave Solar PV Wind LFG Biomass Cofiring 3-Year 5-Year 10-Year 20-Year Plasma OTEC Hydro MSW Solar Thermal Wave Biodiesel Ethanol RDF Solar PV Figure 1-3. Change in Technology Screening Scores by Timeframe (max=100).
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