Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 8.0 Hydro 8.4.5 Kokee A project which utilizes the developed irrigation systems on the west bank of Waimea Canyon has been envisioned for many decades. A 1964 plan for a large 10 MW storage project never materialized. Later variations in the project included a series of three hydropower plants using existing reservoirs and ditch alignment. 93 The third plant was located on Mana Ridge and required a new easement for the conveyance. This new easement could result in environmental obstacles for realization. The two-step system recently outlined by the Bureau of Reclamation relies on historical flows along existing ditches and rights-of-way. 94 A 2.97 MW powerhouse at Kitano reservoir would be fed from Puu Lua Reservoir. A second 4.08 MW powerhouse along the Waimea River would take advantage of the steep west canyon wall of this scenic area. The total plant capacity is 7.0 MW exclusive of two small irrigation return turbines which would recapture unused irrigation water. This scheme was selected for consideration because it utilizes existing easements and allows for flexible irrigation flows. Figure 8-9. Kokee Project Vicinity (source: U.S.B.R. 2004). 93 State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Puu Lua-Kokee Hydropower Project: Environmental Impact Statement (Report R70), April 1984. 94 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region, “Preliminary Assessment of Small Hydropower Potential on East Kauai Water Users Cooperative Lands and Other Kauai Agricultural Water Delivery Systems,” prepared by Ottawa Engineering Ltd., November 2004. 21 March 2005 8-14 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 8.0 Hydro Two Hawaiian Home Lands are apparently located in the vicinity of the project area. Development of the project would thus require consultation. Costs for the two plants were estimated by the Bureau using RETScreen, renewable energy estimation software developed by the Canadian Department of Natural Resources. 8.5 Power and Energy Production 8.5.1 Plant Performance There are a variety of methods to estimate performance of proposed hydro projects. One useful method of estimating plant performance is to review generation records for the island’s seven existing hydropower plants. However, because these plants were largely in private hands until recently, these records may be difficult to obtain. Power generation records for the existing seven hydropower facilities were not available for review for this study. A second method of estimating performance is to convert inflow hydrographs into generation based on assumed hydraulic and mechanical efficiencies. Hydrographs can be turned into flow duration curves which plot flow on one axis and frequency of exceedence on the other axis. The flow duration curves for Wainiha and Upper Lihue are available from reports, but not for the other three projects. Nevertheless, the basic data used to develop the flow duration curves was not included in these reports. The Wailua, Upper Lihue and Kokee plants involve a complex series of diversions, many of which have gaging stations that have been abandoned. Only the Wainiha and Waimea Mauka projects have hydrographs that can be scaled to develop a meaningful powerhouse flow duration curve. Unfortunately, the exact configuration of the proposed Waimea Mauka plant is unknown. For the Wainiha plant, the flow duration curve was developed based stream flow data from 1952 through 2003 (Figure 8-10). An adjustment was not made from the gaging station to the proposed diversion site upstream, but this is only expected to result in a reduction of flows on the order of 10 percent. 21 March 2005 8-15 Black & Veatch
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11401 Lamar Black & Veatch Corporat
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Page 3 Kaua’i Island Utility Coop
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Principal Investigators: Ryan Pletk
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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
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