Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 5.0 Project Characterizations 5.0 Project Characterizations Based on the recommendations of the previous section and discussion with KIUC, it was determined that the following technologies would be examined in the remainder of this report: • Direct fired biomass • Municipal solid waste mass burn • Hydroelectric • Wind • Landfill Gas 5.1 Characterization Approach Prototypical projects have been characterized for each technology class. For most technologies, this required a screening assessment of potential project options to determine optimum size, appropriate location, configuration, and other characteristics: • Biomass – Project sizes from 5 to 30 MW were considered, and an optimum size was picked based on preliminary technical and economic analysis. The fuel mix changes based on the project size. Smaller projects can utilize lower cost waste biomass resources, while larger projects would need to rely on dedicated energy crops. The location for the biomass project has not been specified yet. A stoker boiler was selected as the basis for the project conceptual design due to its good mix of technical maturity, efficiency, and cost. • Municipal solid waste mass burn – The previous sections compared various technology options for waste to energy, and it was determined that mass burn was the preferred conversion technology. The size of the MSW plant is limited to the available waste on the island. However, due to uncertainties in population, economic growth, and recycling trends, the amount of MSW available in the future is difficult to predict accurately. Therefore two project sizes, 200 and 300 tons per day, were compared, and the best size picked for additional analysis. As with biomass, the location for the MSW project has not been specified yet. • Combined biomass and MSW plant – In addition to standalone biomass and MSW, a plant that combines both fuels was considered. Different equipment configurations were evaluated and a preferred approach and size characterized. 21 March 2005 5-1 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 5.0 Project Characterizations • Hydroelectric – Previous assessments identifying potential hydro projects on Kauai were reviewed and 49 possible project sites were cataloged. From this list, six promising projects were selected and characterized. The projects are located throughout the island and consist of new sites and upgrades of existing facilities. • Wind – Eleven potential project areas were identified from the latest validated wind resource map for Kauai. These sites were screened for development potential. Two sites were identified as high potential, and five sites were identified as moderate potential. The other sites were dropped from consideration. Project size was limited to 7 MW based on direction from KIUC. Turbine sizes were restricted to less than 1 MW to ensure the machines could be erected and serviced with cranes available on the islands. • Landfill gas – There is only one viable landfill gas project on Kauai, located at the Kekaha landfill. Black & Veatch estimated the energy production of this project after landfill closure in 2009. A project based on reciprocating engine technology could produce about 800 kW. Due to their possible synergy, assessment of the biomass and MSW options is covered in a single section, 7.0 Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste. The other technologies are covered in the subsequent individual sections. Each technology section has the following subsections: 1. Basis for Assessment 2. Assessment of Contributing Resource 3. Project Option Screening 4. Technical Description 5. Power and Energy Production 5.1 Plant Performance 5.2 Operating Profile 6. Cost of Energy 6.1 Capital Cost 6.2 Operating and Maintenance Costs 6.3 Incentives 6.4 Life-cycle economics 7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology 7.1 Fit to KIUC Needs 7.2 Environmental Impact 7.3 Socioeconomic Impact 21 March 2005 5-2 Black & Veatch
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11401 Lamar Black & Veatch Corporat
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Principal Investigators: Ryan Pletk
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