Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 4.0 Renewable Energy Technology Screening 4.4.3 Fit to KIUC Needs The Fit to KIUC Needs criterion is a measure of the applicability and suitability of a technology to the KIUC system for each of the timeframes. This criterion encompasses the technology generation profile, scale of a typical project, and type of product (firm versus as-available). For this study it was assumed that firm and peaking capacity are the preferred generation products in the long-term (10 to 20 years), but that as-available resources (such as solar, wind, and hydro) are preferred in the 3 to 5-year timeframe. Alternative fuels (biodiesel and ethanol) were given the highest score, as these could be readily incorporated into the existing KIUC generation infrastructure as appropriate and cost effective. Ocean thermal energy conversion was given the lowest score in the near term because it is a capacity resource and plants would need to be very large to be economical. Table 4-7 shows the results of the evaluation. Table 4-7. Fit to KIUC Needs Screening Results (Sorted by 3-Year Score). Technology 3-Year 5-Year 10-Year 20-Year Ethanol 100 100 100 100 Biodiesel 100 100 100 100 Solar Photovoltaic 85 85 85 85 Landfill Gas 75 75 100 100 Solar Thermal 75 75 75 75 Hydroelectric 75 75 50 50 Wave 75 75 50 50 Wind 75 75 50 50 Direct Fired Biomass 50 50 100 100 Mass Burn 50 50 100 100 Refuse Derived Fuel 50 50 100 100 Plasma Arc 50 50 100 100 Reciprocating Engines 50 50 100 100 Combustion Turbines 50 50 100 100 Microturbines 50 50 100 100 Fuel Cells 50 50 100 100 Biomass Cofiring 0 0 50 50 Ocean Thermal 0 0 25 25 21 March 2005 4-14 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 4.0 Renewable Energy Technology Screening 4.4.4 Technology Maturity The level of technology maturity is a measure of the relative development of a technology. In general, the less developed a specific technology, the higher the risk that a project will fail for technical, commercial, or other reasons. For example, a technology in research and development (e.g., plasma arc gasification) is much more likely to fail than a technology that is supported by several vendors and has been applied in numerous applications around the world (e.g., wind turbines). The level of maturity of each technology was rated for the 3, 5, 10, and 20 year periods. Of the commercially available renewable energy technologies, hydroelectric power has the largest amount of installed capacity in the world today. It is followed by biomass direct combustion and then wind, geothermal, and solar energy. The following technologies are currently considered to be fully commercial and could make a contribution to the energy supply in Kauai in the near term (if sufficient resources are available): • Anaerobic digestion • Biomass Cofiring • Landfill gas • Biodiesel • Direct fired biomass • Hydroelectric • Waste-to-energy mass burn • Refuse derived fuel • Solar photovoltaic • Wind • Geothermal • Reciprocating engines • Combustion turbines Although advancements in these technologies will occur over the next 20 years, particularly solar photovoltaic technology, these technologies are fully capable of utility deployment in the near term. The progression towards commercialization of the developmental technologies was estimated from Black & Veatch experience. Table 4-8 presents the expected development of technologies that are not yet fully commercial. 21 March 2005 4-15 Black & Veatch
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