Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ... Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options Kauai Outlook Fuel cells are a promising technology that shows potential for clean, renewable, distributed power generation in the future. Continued research and development is required to reduce the capital and O&M cost and increase the fuel cell stack life. In the near-term, fuel cells would be only be competitive with conventional power generation technologies with considerable subsidies, and a low cost (or free) hydrogen fuel source. In the long-term (10-20 years), fuel cells could be a competitive power generation technology, pending advancements in R&D. There is one potential near-term opportunity to make use of a low cost hydrogen resource on Kauai with fuel cells. TREX makes electronic components at the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) and produces hydrogen as a waste gas. They are currently producing 16 cfm of hydrogen but will be expanding production soon to produce 40 cfm. The hydrogen is currently flared as waste. The energy value of this hydrogen gas is 0.78 MBtu/hr. At a fuel cell efficiency of 40 percent, this quantity of gas could produce about 90 kW of electricity on a continuous basis. Although this project is small, the economics of it are substantially improved by the zero cost for the fuel. It would also have good demonstration value and could possibly receive grant funding. 21 March 2005 3-86 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 4.0 Renewable Energy Technology Screening 4.0 Renewable Energy Technology Screening This section discusses the technology screening methodology that has been used to evaluate, rank and select Kauai renewable energy resources for further investigation. This section discusses the objective of the methodology, the scoring criteria comprising it, the guidelines for application of the scoring criteria, and the results of the screening process. 4.1 Objective The objective of the technology screening methodology is to screen and rank technologies for further evaluation. The methodology considers numerous factors affecting project viability including the cost of energy, resource availability, technology maturity, and environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The combination of scores from these and other areas should provide a preliminary indication of the overall viability of potential resources as KIUC investments. The assessment methodology must be easily applied, yet meaningful. It also must be objective, consistent, and transparent to outside organizations. To meet these goals, Black & Veatch has developed a set of weighted criteria to evaluate and compare projects. 4.2 Screening Criteria The assessment methodology employs a set of seven criteria. The criteria are given different weights such that 100 total points are possible when the methodology is applied to a given technology. Criteria are specific and measurable to ensure consistent evaluation and quantitative comparison of the final technology scores. The seven criteria are summarized below: • Cost of energy – Assesses the economic competitiveness of the resource. The evaluation is performed based on the levelized busbar cost of generation, which measures the total life-cycle cost of a technology considering capital cost, operating and maintenance cost, capacity factor, and fuel cost (if applicable). Differentiation between various products (firm, as-available, peaking, dispatchable) is assessed in the “Fit to KIUC needs” category. • Kauai resource potential – Indicates the general developable potential of the renewable energy resource in Kauai. There are many methods to determine the technical potential of a particular resource, and literature estimates range considerably. In addition, advancements in technology over time can also 21 March 2005 4-1 Black & Veatch
- Page 83 and 84: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 85 and 86: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 87 and 88: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 89 and 90: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 91 and 92: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 93 and 94: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 95 and 96: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 97 and 98: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 99 and 100: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 101 and 102: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 103 and 104: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 105 and 106: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 107 and 108: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 109 and 110: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 111 and 112: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 113 and 114: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 115 and 116: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 117 and 118: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 119 and 120: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 121 and 122: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 123 and 124: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 125 and 126: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 127 and 128: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 129 and 130: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 131 and 132: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 133: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 137 and 138: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 139 and 140: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 141 and 142: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 143 and 144: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 145 and 146: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 147 and 148: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 149 and 150: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 151 and 152: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 153 and 154: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 155 and 156: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 157 and 158: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 159 and 160: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 161 and 162: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 163 and 164: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 165 and 166: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 167 and 168: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 169 and 170: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 171 and 172: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 173 and 174: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 175 and 176: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 177 and 178: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 179 and 180: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 181 and 182: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
- Page 183 and 184: Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
Kaua’i <strong>Island</strong> <strong>Utility</strong> Cooperative<br />
<strong>Renewable</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Assessments</strong> 3.0 <strong>Renewable</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> Options<br />
<strong>Kauai</strong> Outlook<br />
Fuel cells are a promising technology that shows potential for clean, renewable,<br />
distributed power generation in the future. Continued research and development is<br />
required to reduce the capital and O&M cost and increase the fuel cell stack life. In the<br />
near-term, fuel cells would be only be competitive with conventional power generation<br />
technologies with considerable subsidies, and a low cost (or free) hydrogen fuel source.<br />
In the long-term (10-20 years), fuel cells could be a competitive power generation<br />
technology, pending advancements in R&D.<br />
There is one potential near-term opportunity to make use of a low cost hydrogen<br />
resource on <strong>Kauai</strong> with fuel cells. TREX makes electronic components at the Pacific<br />
Missile Range Facility (PMRF) and produces hydrogen as a waste gas. They are<br />
currently producing 16 cfm of hydrogen but will be expanding production soon to<br />
produce 40 cfm. The hydrogen is currently flared as waste. The energy value of this<br />
hydrogen gas is 0.78 MBtu/hr. At a fuel cell efficiency of 40 percent, this quantity of gas<br />
could produce about 90 kW of electricity on a continuous basis. Although this project is<br />
small, the economics of it are substantially improved by the zero cost for the fuel. It<br />
would also have good demonstration value and could possibly receive grant funding.<br />
21 March 2005 3-86 Black & Veatch
Change language