Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options Figure 3-23. Microturbine Cutaway View (Source: Capstone Turbine Corporation.) Applications Potential applications for microturbines are very broad, given the fuel flexibility, size, and reliability of the technology. The units have been used in electric vehicles, distributed generation, and resource recovery applications. These systems have been used in many remote power applications around the world to bring reliable generation outside of the central grid system. In addition, these units are currently being used in several landfill sites to generate electricity with landfill gas fuel to power the facilities on the site. For example, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power recently installed an array of 50 microturbine generators at the Lopez Canyon landfill. The project has a net output of 1,300 kW. Fuel Flexibility Microturbines offer a wide range of fuel flexibility, with fuels suitable for combustion including: natural gas, ethanol, propane, biogas, and other renewable fuels. The minimum requirement for fuel heat content is around 350 Btu/scf, depending upon microturbine manufacturer. 21 March 2005 3-82 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options Performance and Cost Characteristics Microturbine costs are often discussed as being about $1,000 per kilowatt. However, this is typically just the bare engine cost. Auxiliary equipment, engineering, and construction costs can be significant. Table 3-37 provides performance and cost characteristics for typical microturbine installations. For reference, the price of fuel is assumed to be $12/MBtu, which is equivalent to diesel at $1.66/gallon. Table 3-37. Microturbine Technology Characteristics. Commercial Status Early Commercial Performance Net Capacity per Unit, kW 15-60 Net Plant Heat Rate, Btu/kWh 12,200 Capacity Factor, percent 30-70 Economics Capital Cost, $/kW 1,100-2,000 Variable O&M, $/MWh 13-26 Levelized Cost, $12/MBtu Fuel, $/MWh 234-266 Kauai Outlook Microturbine technology is in early commercialization. Successful demonstration of the technology has taken place, and there are currently a number of commercial facilities in operation using this technology. Microturbines are often not selected as the power generation technology for landfill gas, digester gas, and renewable fuel applications because of the high capital cost, lower efficiency relative to other conversion technologies, and specialized O&M requirements. There is potential to use this technology on Kauai in the near-term, although other technologies would likely be more economic. In the long-term (10-20 years), if R&D efforts yield efficiency gains and reductions in capital cost, this technology could become a competitive power generation technology. 3.10.4 Fuel Cell Fuel cell technology has been developed by government agencies and private corporations. Fuel cells are an important part of space exploration and are receiving considerable attention as an alternative power source for automobiles. In addition to these two applications, fuel cells continue to be considered for power generation for 21 March 2005 3-83 Black & Veatch
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