Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options capacity factor. The land in this area is owned by state, federal, and private owners and is zoned primarily as agricultural or urban land. It is interesting to note that the land requirements for solar are very reasonable compared to the requirements for other resources. For example, to supply the same amount of energy, a power plant fueled with banagrass would require crop production on over 20,000 acres. Further, oil palm would need to be grown on around 60,000 acres to generate the same energy from biodiesel. Conversely, solar is still several times more costly per kilowatt hour than these options. Of the suggested regions on the island for solar, Barking Sands has the greatest solar radiation resource coupled with favorable conditions for a large scale PV facility. Further monitoring would be necessary before more accurate generating capacity and design characteristics could be determined. Given that the solar resource is so large, in the near term, developable solar potential is more limited by the manufacturing capacity of PV module suppliers and the development of suitable energy storage technologies to handle the intermittent output of the resource. Considering these factors, the table below outlines the potential for solar PV on Kauai. Year Energy, GWh Table 3-27. Developable Potential from Solar Photovoltaics. Capacity, MW 3 8.8 5 5 35 20 Notes Constrained by technology supplier ability to provide product 10 53 30 Constrained by intermittency issues 20 > 500 > 285 Sufficient potential to supply all of Kauai’s electricity 3.7.2 Solar Thermal Solar thermal technologies convert the sun’s energy to productive use by capturing heat. Early developments in solar thermal technology focused on heating water for domestic use. Advances have expanded the applications of solar thermal to high magnitude energy collection and power conversion on a utility scale. Numerous solar thermal technologies have also been developed over the past three decades as potential sources of renewable power generation. The leading technologies currently include parabolic trough, parabolic dish, power tower (central receiver), and solar chimney. 21 March 2005 3-62 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options Figure 3-15. Parabolic Trough Field (Source: Union of Concerned Scientists) With adequate resources, solar thermal technologies are appropriate for a wide range of intermediate and peak load applications including central station power plants and modular power stations in both remote and grid-connected areas. Commercial solar thermal parabolic trough plants in California currently generate more than 350 MW. Figure 3-16. Solar Two Central Receiver Installation Solar thermal systems transfer the heat in solar insolation to a heat transfer fluid, typically a molten salt or heat transfer oil. A steam generator converts the energy in the 21 March 2005 3-63 Black & Veatch
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