厄洛替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

厄洛替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察 厄洛替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

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中国肺癌杂志2009年7月第12卷第7期 Chin J Lung Cancer, July 2009, Vol.12, No.7 厄洛替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌 的临床观察 杨燕霞 毋永娟 华云旗 袁海清 ·789· · 临 床 经 验 · 【摘要】 背景与目的 非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约占肺癌的80%,其中70%以上为晚期患者。本文评价单药厄洛 替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞的客观疗效及毒副反应。方法 观察29例老年晚期NSCLC,口服厄洛替尼150 mg/d,记录 临床疗效及毒副反应,共观察3个月,统计分析结果。结果 29例患者均可评价疗效,总有效率为20.69%(6/29),其 中CR 1例,PR 5例,SD 9例,PD 14例。Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期患者有效率比较差异没有统计学意义(P=0.337)。毒副反应主要 为1-2级毒性反应,包括皮疹(37.93%)、腹泻(17.24%)和呕吐(6.9%)。3例患者因严重毒性反应终止厄洛替尼治 疗,其中1例患者口服21 d后出现典型肺纤维化。结论 单药厄洛替尼治疗老年NSCLC有较高的临床有效率,患者耐受 性尚可,值得临床进一步研究。 【关键词】 厄洛替尼;肺肿瘤;化疗 【中图分类号】 R734.2 DOI:10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2009.07.009 Clinical Observation of Erlotinib in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Yanxia YANG, Yongjuan WU, Yunqi HUA, Haiqing YUAN Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Baotou, Baotou 014030, China Corresponding author: Yunqi HUA, E-mail: yunqihua@sohu.com 【Abstract】 Background and objective About 80% lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and more than 70% are in advanced stage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the side effects of erlotinib in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Twenty-nine patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were treated with erlotinib 150 mg/d, then the adverse reaction and clinical efficacy were recorded during 3 months. Results Total 29 patients were evaluated for efficacy. The total rate of effect was 20.69%, including 1 case CR, 5 cases PR, 9 cases SD and 14 cases PD. We compared the effective rate of stage Ⅲ with Ⅳ. There were no significant difference between the effective rate of stage Ⅲand Ⅳ (P=0.337). The main side effects were rash (37.93%), diarrhea (17.24%) and vomiting (6.9%) and most side effects were grade Ⅰand Ⅱ. Conclusion Erlotinib for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer have better effective and less toxic effects and the further clinical study should be warranted. 【Key words】 Erlotinib; Lung neoplasms; Chemotherapy 肺癌是我国癌性死亡的主要原因,非小细胞肺癌 (Non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)是临床常见的恶性肿 瘤,大多数患者诊断时已为晚期,NSCLC的标准一线治 疗是全身化疗,化疗能有效地缓解症状、延长生存期、 改善生活质量。肿瘤分子靶向治疗是指针对参与肿瘤发 生发展过程的细胞信号传导和其他生物学途径的治疗手 段,其作用靶点可以是细胞表面的生长因子受体或细胞 内信号传导通道中重要的酶或蛋白质,而广义的分子靶 点则包括了参与肿瘤细胞分化、周期、凋亡、细胞迁 作者单位:014030 包头,内蒙古包头市肿瘤医院肿瘤内科一病区(通 讯作者:华云旗,E-mail: yunqihua@sohu.com) 移、浸润行为、淋巴转移、全身转移等过程的、从DNA 到蛋白/酶水平的任何亚细胞分子。NSCLC靶向治疗主 要包括单克隆抗体、抑制酶/蛋白活性的小分子药物、抗 血管生成药物、抑制蛋白翻译的反义RNA以及与细胞内 分子特异性作用的药物等。 21世纪我国进入老年社会,老年肺癌的发生率也随 之升高,老年晚期NSCLC在临床上十分常见。NSCLC 采用以铂类(顺铂或卡铂)为基础,联合其他药物(多 西紫杉醇、紫杉醇、吉西他滨、长春瑞滨)的两药方 案。但是这些方案的疗效与毒副反应较重,不易耐受。 NSCLC中表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)常表现为活性增高,厄洛替尼(Tarceva,

中国肺癌杂志2009年7月第12卷第7期 Chin J Lung Cancer, July 2009, Vol.12, No.7<br />

厄洛替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌<br />

的临床观察<br />

杨燕霞 毋永娟 华云旗 袁海清<br />

·789·<br />

· 临 床 经 验 ·<br />

【摘要】 背景与目的 非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约占肺癌的80%,其中70%以上为晚期患者。本文评价单药厄洛<br />

替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞的客观疗效及毒副反应。方法 观察29例老年晚期NSCLC,口服厄洛替尼150 mg/d,记录<br />

临床疗效及毒副反应,共观察3个月,统计分析结果。结果 29例患者均可评价疗效,总有效率为20.69%(6/29),其<br />

中CR 1例,PR 5例,SD 9例,PD 14例。Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期患者有效率比较差异没有统计学意义(P=0.337)。毒副反应主要<br />

为1-2级毒性反应,包括皮疹(37.93%)、腹泻(17.24%)和呕吐(6.9%)。3例患者因严重毒性反应终止厄洛替尼治<br />

疗,其中1例患者口服21 d后出现典型肺纤维化。结论 单药厄洛替尼治疗老年NSCLC有较高的临床有效率,患者耐受<br />

性尚可,值得临床进一步研究。<br />

【关键词】 厄洛替尼;肺肿瘤;化疗<br />

【中图分类号】 R734.2 DOI:10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2009.07.009<br />

Clinical Observation of Erlotinib in the Treatment of Elderly Patients<br />

with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer<br />

Yanxia YANG, Yongjuan WU, Yunqi HUA, Haiqing YUAN<br />

Department of Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Baotou, Baotou 014030, China<br />

Corresponding author: Yunqi HUA, E-mail: yunqihua@sohu.com<br />

【Abstract】 Background and objective About 80% lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and more than<br />

70% are in advanced stage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the side effects of erlotinib in the treatment<br />

of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Twenty-nine patients with advanced non-small cell<br />

lung cancer were treated with erlotinib 150 mg/d, then the adverse reaction and clinical efficacy were recorded during 3 months.<br />

Results Total 29 patients were evaluated for efficacy. The total rate of effect was 20.69%, including 1 case CR, 5 cases PR, 9 cases<br />

SD and 14 cases PD. We compared the effective rate of stage Ⅲ with Ⅳ. There were no significant difference between the effective<br />

rate of stage Ⅲand Ⅳ (P=0.337). The main side effects were rash (37.93%), diarrhea (17.24%) and vomiting (6.9%) and<br />

most side effects were grade Ⅰand Ⅱ. Conclusion Erlotinib for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer have<br />

better effective and less toxic effects and the further clinical study should be warranted.<br />

【Key words】 Erlotinib; Lung neoplasms; Chemotherapy<br />

肺癌是我国癌性死亡的主要原因,非小细胞肺癌<br />

(Non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)是临床常见的恶性肿<br />

瘤,大多数患者诊断时已为晚期,NSCLC的标准一线治<br />

疗是全身化疗,化疗能有效地缓解症状、延长生存期、<br />

改善生活质量。肿瘤分子靶向治疗是指针对参与肿瘤发<br />

生发展过程的细胞信号传导和其他生物学途径的治疗手<br />

段,其作用靶点可以是细胞表面的生长因子受体或细胞<br />

内信号传导通道中重要的酶或蛋白质,而广义的分子靶<br />

点则包括了参与肿瘤细胞分化、周期、凋亡、细胞迁<br />

作者单位:014030 包头,内蒙古包头市肿瘤医院肿瘤内科一病区(通<br />

讯作者:华云旗,E-mail: yunqihua@sohu.com)<br />

移、浸润行为、淋巴转移、全身转移等过程的、从DNA<br />

到蛋白/酶水平的任何亚细胞分子。NSCLC靶向治疗主<br />

要包括单克隆抗体、抑制酶/蛋白活性的小分子药物、抗<br />

血管生成药物、抑制蛋白翻译的反义RNA以及与细胞内<br />

分子特异性作用的药物等。<br />

21世纪我国进入老年社会,老年肺癌的发生率也随<br />

之升高,老年晚期NSCLC在临床上十分常见。NSCLC<br />

采用以铂类(顺铂或卡铂)为基础,联合其他药物(多<br />

西紫杉醇、紫杉醇、吉西他滨、长春瑞滨)的两药方<br />

案。但是这些方案的疗效与毒副反应较重,不易耐受。<br />

NSCLC中表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor<br />

receptor, EGFR)常表现为活性增高,厄洛替尼(Tarceva,


中国肺癌杂志2009年7月第12卷第7期 Chin J Lung Cancer, July 2009, Vol.12, No.7<br />

表 1 厄洛替尼治疗患者的毒性反应<br />

Tab 1 The side effect of erlotinib in the treatment of elderly patients<br />

with advanced NSCLC<br />

Side effects Erlotinib (n=29) Incidence rate (%)<br />

Grade1-2 Grade3-5 Total<br />

Rash 10 1 11 37.93<br />

Diarrhea 5 0 5 17.24<br />

Anorexia 2 2 4 13.79<br />

Nausea 3 1 4 13.79<br />

Vomit 1 1 2 6.90<br />

Oral mucosa 1 0 1 3.45<br />

Pulmonary fibrosis 0 1 1 3.45<br />

Death 0 0 0 0<br />

3 讨论<br />

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)家族是一个复杂信号传<br />

导网络的一部分,该网络是多个关键细胞过程的核心。<br />

在NSCLC普遍表达EGFR [1-3] ,多种以EGFR为靶点的药物<br />

正在进行各期临床评价。厄罗替尼是一种有效的、可逆<br />

的、选择性HER1/EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。Ⅱ期临床试<br />

验 [4] 中,有效率为12%,疗效反应与肿瘤中的EGFR表达<br />

水平无关。Jackman等 [5] 报道了一项应用厄罗替尼一线治<br />

疗≥70岁的老年晚期肺癌患者的Ⅱ期临床试验,结果显<br />

示1年生存率为46%,2年生存率为19%,中位生存时间为<br />

10.9个月,提示单独应用厄罗替尼作为老年晚期非小细<br />

胞肺癌一线治疗是有积极意义和可以接受的,且需要更<br />

多的研究来证明其是值得考虑的。在本次临床观察中厄<br />

洛替尼治疗老年NSCLC患者可使呼吸困难、疼痛和咳嗽<br />

等症状缓解,同时患者的身体功能有改善。一项Ⅲ期临<br />

床研究 [6,7] 表明该药在治疗一线或二线治疗失败的晚期非<br />

小细胞肺癌比最佳支持治疗在延长生存期方面有优势。<br />

厄洛替尼也进行了对比多西紫杉醇或培美曲塞的临床试<br />

验。该研究目前正在进行中, 目的是观察厄洛替尼在晚期<br />

二线治疗对比培美曲赛或多西紫杉醇的疗效。该研究的<br />

结果将进一步明确在晚期二线治疗的价值和地位。正是<br />

因为厄罗替尼具有安全性的特点,其是否能替代细胞毒<br />

化疗药物作为老年晚期肺癌患者的一线治疗值得期待。<br />

皮疹和腹泻是厄洛替尼的主要毒性反应 [8] ,我们观<br />

察上述两种毒性反应分别为37.93%和17.24%,同时部分<br />

患者因毒性反应严重调整治疗剂量。但是,最近有报道<br />

厄洛替尼治疗晚期NSCLC中皮疹的出现及程度与总生存<br />

·791·<br />

期相关,中至重度皮疹与总生存期相关和无进展生存期<br />

统计学相关 [9] 。肺纤维化(间质性肺炎)是EGFR抑制剂<br />

最严重的并发症,总发生率为0.6%,我院观察患者中出<br />

现1例典型肺纤维化(间质性肺炎)患者,应予以重视。<br />

老年肺癌患者具有其特殊性,如各脏器代偿能力<br />

差、化疗耐受率低等,因此,老年肺癌患者应选择副反<br />

应较低、症状改善相对较快的治疗策略。本文总结了厄<br />

洛替尼治疗老年NSCLC的临床疗效,有效率较高,严<br />

重毒性反应发生率小。因此,应用厄洛替尼治疗老年<br />

NSCLC较安全、有效,值得进一步大样本展开临床研<br />

究。<br />

参 考 文 献<br />

1 Salomon DS, Brandt R, Ciardiello F, et al. Epidermal growth factor-related<br />

peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol,<br />

1995, 19(3): 183-232.<br />

2 Fontanini G, De Laurentiis M, Vignati S, et al. Evolution of epidermal growth<br />

factor-related growth factors and receptors and of neoangiogenesis in completely<br />

resented stage Ⅰ-ⅢA non-small-cell lung cancer: amphiregulin and<br />

microvessel counts are independent prognostic indicators of survival. Clin<br />

Cancer Res, 1998, 4(1): 241-249.<br />

3 Grunwald V, Hidalgo M. Developing inhibitors of the epidermal growth<br />

factor receptor for the cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(12):<br />

851-867.<br />

4 Pérez-Soler R, Chachoua A, Hammond LA, et al. Determinants of tumor<br />

response and survival with erlotinib in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.<br />

J Clin Oncol, 2004, 22(16): 3238-3247.<br />

5 Jackman D, Yeap B, Lucca PA, et al. Phase Ⅱ study of erlotinib in elderly<br />

patients (age>70) with previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung<br />

cancer (NSCLC): An analysis of quality of life and symptom response. J Clin<br />

Oncol, 2006, 24(18s): 7168.<br />

6 Shepherd FA, Pereira JR, Ciuleanu T, et al. Erlotinib in previously treated<br />

non small cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med, 2005, 353(2): 123-132.<br />

7 Ruan GX, Zhou L, Liu JX. Progress of traditional Chinese medicine and<br />

western treatment for elderly advanced lung cancer. Chin J Lung Cancer,<br />

2008, 11(6): 805-810. [阮广欣, 周蕾, 刘嘉湘. 老年晚期肺癌中西医药<br />

物治疗研究进展. 中国肺癌杂志, 2008, 11(6): 805-810.]<br />

8 Sridhar SS, Seymour L, Shepherd FA. Inhibitors of epidermal growth factor<br />

receptors: a review of clinical research with a focus on non-small-cell lung<br />

cancer. Lancet Oncol, 2003, 4(7): 397-406.<br />

9 Pere-Soler R. Rash as a surrogate marker for efficacy of epidermal growth<br />

factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer, 2006, 8(sup 1):<br />

7-14.<br />

(收稿:2009-02-19 修回:2009-03-04)<br />

(本文编辑 孙丹)

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