JAEA-Review-2010-065.pdf:15.99MB - 日本原子力研究開発機構

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4-48 JAEA-Review 2010-065 Development of Neutron Optics Devices Using Proton Microbeam T. Sakai a) , R. Yasuda a) , H. Iikura a) , T. Nojima a) , M. Matsubayashi a) , M. Kohka b) , T. Sato b) , T. Ohkubo b) and Y. Ishii b) a) Materials Science Research Division, QuBS, JAEA, b) Department of Advanced Radiation Technology, TARRI, JAEA We have developed two fundamental techniques to manufacture neutron optics devices. One is on-line beam targeting method and another is software for conversion of image data to coordinates data. Line&space test-chart for spatial resolution measurement on neutron radiography technique was successfully created. 中性子ラジオグラフィ(NRG)法は、学術研究や産業利用をはじめ、水(水素)分布を可視化する非破壊分析法として、良く用いられている手法の一つである。近年、燃料電池自動車の実用化を目指した研究開発が官民において盛んに行われているが、そのための分析手法の一つとしても、NRG 法は非常に注目されている。しかしながら中性子ビームの平行度等の問題により、現状の NRG の空間分解能は数十 m 程度であり、燃料電池開発で要求される 10 m 程度の空間分解能は達成できていない。そこで NRG 法の高度化を目指し、プロトンマイクロビームによる微細加工技術を利用して、中性子光学用素子の開発に着手した。試作した素子は、中性子用のコリメーターと空間分解能を評価するためのテストチャートである。中性子は透過性が強いため、素子の厚みは極力厚い方が望ましい。そこで加工に用いるプロトンビームとしては、シングルエンド加速器の最大加速電圧である 3 MeVのビームを用いた。またコリメーターとするアクリル樹脂製試料の中心には、位置合わせ用のマーカーを機械加工により付けてあるため、その位置に正確にビームを照射する必要がある。そこで、SB ラインに設置されている光学顕微鏡の像を、マイクロ PIXE 測定用のソフトウエア 1) 上に表示できるようにし、ビーム照射位置を顕微鏡下で観察しながら調整できるようにした。これにより、ビームの照準を正確に行うことが可能になった。2009 年度においては、直径 100 m のコリメーター作製に成功し、今後 10 m 径のコリメーターを製作する予定である。テストチャートの加工に関しては、空間分解能を評価するため、サイズの異なるラインペア(Line&Space) を貫通孔で作製する必要がある。パターンに関しては、 CAD ソフトウエアで作成し、その画像データを座標データに変換するためのソフトウエアを開発した。このソフトでは、JPEG もしくは BITMAP 形式の画像データを読み取り、任意の閾値により二値化、座標データに変換することが出来る。Fig. 1 にテストチャートの画像パターンを示す。このデータを元に、75 m 厚のアクリルシートにビーム照射を行い、エッチング処理を施した。その結果を Fig. 2 に示す。本年度においては、プロトンマイクロビームを用いて中性子光学素子を作製するための要素技術の開発を行った。今後、実素子を開発し、中性子を用いて素子の特性評価試験を行う予定である。 - 172 - Fig. 1 Line&space test-chart pattern for evaluation of neutron radiography spatial resolution. Fig. 2 Microscopic photograph of a fabricated test-chart. The line patterns are passed through the sheet. Reference 1) T. Sakai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 390 (1998) 136-138.
4-49 Fast Single-Ion Hit System for Heavy-Ion Microbeam at TIARA Cyclotron (III) W. Yokota, T. Satoh, S. Okumura, S. Kurashima, N. Miyawaki, H. Kashiwagi, K. Yoshida, M. Kohka, K. Takano and T. Kamiya Department of Advanced Radiation Technology, TARRI, JAEA, The focusing microbeam system and the fast single-ion hit system are being developed for this decade at the TIARA cyclotron. Microbeams and single-ion hit of 260 MeV- 20 7+ 40 14+ Ne and/or 520 MeV- Ar were utilized to irradiate living biological cells for study of radiation biology, semiconductor devices for study of radiation effects such as Single Event Upset and micro-fabrication of polymer films in fiscal 2009. The experimental results of these studies are described elsewhere. The microbeam size used in those experiments was 1 - 2 m in diameter in vacuum. It was extracted out to the atmosphere through a 0.2 m thick silicon nitride window for biological experiment. The beam size grew several times as large mainly by scattering in air depending on the distance between the window and the target. Although these beams were generally supplied smoothly, there are still technical matters to improve for better beam quality and wider application, each of which is described below. Instability of microbeam sometimes appeared as frequent decrease of intensity. The instability was synchronizing with change of trajectory or profile of beam on the way of beam transport from the ECR ion source to the cyclotron. Although any change related to the ion source such as intensity of light and electric potential of plasma was not observed, change in the plasma condition is the most suspicious as an origin of the instability since ECR plasma is easy to be influenced by temperature of ambient air and 1) coolant . Strict control of these temperatures will be introduced in the near future. Miss hit, no ion hit at a targeted point, appeared on occasion at more than ten percents of the total hit number depending on tuning of beam focusing or transport as 2) reported in the last annual report . This can affect irradiation experiment seriously and it is desired to be reduced down to less than 1%. Miss hit took place obviously when an ion hit other than a targeted point, and a candidate of the cause described in the report was scattering of the ion at the micro slit (see Fig.1 for the composition of the microbeam system). Every ion focused on a target in an area of a microbeam spot size must pass both the micro slit and the divergence defining slit even if it is scattered by the micro slit. Only the possibility, therefore, that every ion reaches other than the targeted point is change of ion charge state at the micro slit, which brings different focusing force of the micro lens from that for the original charge state. The distance of ion shift was examined by applying the electrostatic scanner voltage using 260 MeV- 20 Ne 7+ beam focused on CR-39 target by a quadrupole lens upstream. JAEA-Review 2010-065 - 173 - The ions concentrated in a limited area without the voltage, while the area broke up into four groups when the voltage was turned on. The distance of the shift of the groups from the original position was proportional to successive integers corresponding to the charge state. The ion concentration of each group depended on opening of the micro slit. These results clearly indicate that ion charge state was changed into the four values by scattering at the micro slit. Expansion of ion beam species and energies is desired to proceed continuously. Development of usual beam, non-microbeam, is made for two or three ion species or energies every year. That for microbeam is more time-consuming because it includes an experiment of microbeam formation. Therefore, a new microbeam will be added every year. In fiscal 2009, 220 MeV- 12 C 5+ , required from radiation biology study, was developed and 2 m diameter was attained. If a cocktail beam acceleration technology is applied, a number of microbeams can be developed more easily 3) . For example, a mass to charge ratio of 260 MeV- 20 Ne 7+ is about 2.86 (≈ 20/7), and ions having similar ratio, such as 190 MeV- 14 N 5+ with M/Q ≈ 2.8, can be accelerated and focused using the similar operational parameters with less tuning. References 1) K. Yoshida et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A312 (2010). 2) Y. Yokota et al., JAEA Takasaki Ann. Rep. 2008 (2009) 165. 3) S. Kurashima et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 267 (2009) 2024. Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the microbeam system at the TIARA cyclotron.
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 JAEA Takasaki
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 PREFACE This r
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 and pulsed hea
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 1-23 Studies o
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 3-24 Lethal Ef
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 4-07 Fabricati
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 5. Status of I
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 1-13 Alpha-rad
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1-01 Radiation Resistance of InGaP/
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1-03 Evaluation of Soft Error Rates
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1-05 Heavy-ion Induced Current in S
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Total Ionizing Dose Tolerance of Si
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1-09 Evaluation of Single Event Eff
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Hydrogen Diffusion in a-Si:H Thin F
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1-13 Alpha-radiolysis of Organic Ex
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Study on Stability of Cs·Sr Solven
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Irradiation Effect of Gamma-Rays on
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1-19 Development of Radiation Resis
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1-21 Alpha-Ray Irradiation Damage o
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1-23 Studies on Microstructure and
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1-25 Effect of Groundwater Radiolys
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1-27 Simulation of Neutron Damage M
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1-29 Irradiation Hardening in Ion-i
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1-31 Preparation of Anion-Exchange
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1-33 Radiation-Induced Graft Polyme
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 2. Environment
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2-02 Development of Zwitterionic Mo
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Modification of Hydroxypropyl Cellu
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The Recovery of Precious Metals Usi
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2-08 ESR Study on Carboxymethyl Chi
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 3. Biotechnolo
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 3-28 Electron
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 3-51 PET Studi
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3-02 Mutagenic effects of He ion pa
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3-04 Functional Analysis of Flavono
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3-06 Generation New Ornamental Plan
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3-08 Stability of Flower-colour Mut
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3-10 JAEA-Review 2010-065 Effects o
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3-12 Producing New Gene Resources i
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3-14 Production of Soybean Mutants
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Assessment of Irradiation Treatment
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3-18 Effect of Different LET Radiat
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3-20 JAEA-Review 2010-065 Fungicide
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3-22 JAEA-Review 2010-065 FACS-base
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3-24 Lethal Effects of Different LE
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3-26 JAEA-Review 2010-065 Ion Beam
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3-28 Electron Spin Relaxation Behav
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3-30 Target Irradiation of Individu
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3-32 Carbon-ion Microbeam Induces B
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3-34 Biological Effects of Carbon I
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3-36 Difference in Bystander Lethal
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3-38 Analysis of Lethal Effect Medi
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3-40 Irradiation with Carbon Ion Be
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3-42 Expression of Two Gelsolins in
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3-44 Analysis of Bystander Cell Sig
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3-46 Quantitative Evaluation of Ric
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3-48 Visualization of 107 Cd Accumu
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3-50 Uniformity Measurement of Newl
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3-52 Imaging and Biodistribution of
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3-54 Improvement of Spatial Resolut
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3-56 The Optimum Conditions in the
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3-58 Evaluation of Cisplatin Concen
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3-60 JAEA-Review 2010-065 Analysis
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3-62 JAEA-Review 2010-065 Sensitivi
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JAEA-Review 2010-065 4-14 The Effec
Page 138 and 139: JAEA-Review 2010-065 4-39 Relations
Page 141 and 142: 4-01 Hydrogen Gasochromism of WO3 F
Page 143 and 144: 4-03 Synthesis of Single-Crystallin
Page 145 and 146: 4-05 Synergy Effects in Electron/Io
Page 147 and 148: Fabrication of Diluted Magnetic Sem
Page 149 and 150: 4-09 Gas Permeation Characteristics
Page 151 and 152: 4-11 Control of Radial Size of Poly
Page 153 and 154: 4-13 Behavior of N Atoms in Nitridi
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Page 157 and 158: Low Temperature Ion Channeling of F
Page 159 and 160: 4-19 Radiation-Induced Electrical D
Page 161 and 162: 4-21 Study on Cu Precipitation in E
Page 163 and 164: 4-23 Evaluation of Fluorescence Mat
Page 165 and 166: 4-25 Evaluation of the ZrC Layer fo
Page 167 and 168: 4-27 Structure Analysis of K/Si(111
Page 169 and 170: 4-29 LET Effect on the Radiation In
Page 171 and 172: 4-31 Stabilization of Measurement S
Page 173 and 174: Systematic Measurement of Neutron a
Page 175 and 176: 4-35 Measurement of Neutron Fluence
Page 177 and 178: 4-37 Evaluation of the Response Cha
Page 179 and 180: 4-39 Relationship between Internucl
Page 181 and 182: 4-41 Analysis of Radiation Damage a
Page 183 and 184: 4-43 Positive Secondary Ion Emissio
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Page 187: 4-47 Fabrication of Dielectrophoret
Page 191 and 192: 4-51 Development of Beam Generation
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Page 196 and 197: Operation of the AVF Cyclotron T. N
Page 198 and 199: Operation of Electron Accelerator a
Page 200 and 201: 5-06 FACILITY USE PROGRAM in Takasa
Page 202 and 203: 5-08 Radioactive Waste Management i
Page 226 and 227: Appendix 2 List of Related Patents
Page 230 and 231: Appendix 4 Type of Research Collabo
Page 235: 表1.SI 基本単位基本量 SI
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