Master Planning of Zoos - Central Zoo Authority

Technical Session I
Ecology and behaviour of LTM in wilderness & captivity
• Lives in groups of 8 to 40 animals (Average 18
animals)
• Groups comprise one adult, one sub-adult male, five
to seven adult females, remaining juveniles and
infants
• Birth – throughout the year – peak December and
February
• Female matures at an age of 6 years (4.8 years in
captivity)
• Inter birth intervals is about 2.5 years (1.3 years in
captivity)
• Oestrous cycle every month
• Gestation period – 6 months
• Average birth rate is 0.31 infants/female/ per
year
• Mortality rate of all classes 0.045/year
• Population growth rate slow because of low
32
birth rate and delayed age at first birth
State
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Karnataka
No. of animals
1000
2000
1000
• Feeds on seeds, fruits, flowers, nectar, invertebrates, small birds and mammals
• LTM population in the wild - current population fragmented, 5 Large population
and 6 isolated population.
Status of LTM in Indian zoos
• LTMs in 15 zoos in India 32:19 (51) – CCBP stock – 20:16 (36)
• Number of females declining sex ratio 1:0.6
• Population declining with mortality and natality rates of 3.75 & 1.75,
respectively
• Only 3 breeding females for the entire Indian population being from AAZP
• Females from Bhilai, Patna and Jaipur are proven breeders identified for
acquisitions
Captive breeding programme population
Name of the zoo
Arignar Anna Zoolgical Park
Thiruvananthapuram Zoo
Mysore Zoo
Total
Male
9
8
3
20
Female
6
7
3
16
Total
15
15
6
36