Barrier Designs for Zoos - ZooLex Zoo Design Organization
Barrier Designs for Zoos - ZooLex Zoo Design Organization Barrier Designs for Zoos - ZooLex Zoo Design Organization
BARRIER DESIGNS FOR ZOOS 2.2 Summary of Barrier Types In general, the animal species, it’s danger to human beings if loose, and it’s ability or inability to jump or climb determines the physical barrier. No single barrier type meets all needs. Thus a coordinated system of barriers should be provided. Primary Barriers – These provide safe physical containment for the animals both on and offexhibit in areas used by the animals on a regular basis. Examples include perimeter barriers for display and off-display enclosures, paddocks, night rooms or retiring dens and raceways. Secondary Barriers – These areas provide temporary physical animal containment should the animals escape from primary barriers and keep visitors from contacting animals. Examples include vestibules in animal enclosures, safety partitions to prevent “blind spots” in holding areas and fencing to keep visitors from entering off-display areas and rail or other barriers to keep visitors away from hazardous areas like moats or primary fencing barriers. The zoo’s perimeter fence is also a type of secondary barrier. Tertiary Barriers – These are intended to keep animals out of planted areas or away from primary barriers and often use “hot” or electrified wires disguised as natural features such as “hot grass”, “hot vines”, “hot roots”, etc. Electrified barriers (photo voltaic powered fence/power fence) may be used to increase the effectiveness of primary barriers (such as placing electrified wires on hidden fencing or along moats to discourage climbing or swimming. However electrified barriers may become unreliable and must not be used as primary barriers by themselves. Exceptions and Exemptions – Since the barrier types listed may not be necessary or appropriate in all cases and to encourage innovation and advancement: 12
2.2.1 Physical Barrier and their Types Barrier Type Advantages Disadvantages 13 CENTRAL ZOO AUTHORITY Physical barriers are used to prevent the animal from escaping as well as to discourage or prevent visitors from attempting to enter the exhibit. Moats – u-shaped No contact with animals. Needs large areas. (vertical sides) Less chances of transmission of Improper drainage can lead to proliferation infectious disease from visitors. of parasitic load. Structural design makes these very expensive to build. Animals can fall into moat areas hurting themselves. Moats – v-shaped Reduced contact with animals Needs large areas. (sloped sides) Less expensive to build than Improper drainage can lead to proliferation U-shaped moats. of parasitic load. More natural looking than Animals can walk into moat areas making U-shaped moats. them less visible to visitors. Fences – Requires much smaller area Visitor vandalism. chain-link, than moats. High maintenance. welded wire Inexpensive to build Clear viewing requires expensive glass viewing mesh Can be hidden easily with areas. vegetation. Glass – laminated Close visual connection Reflection of light. tempered between visitors and animals. Off glass surfaces reduces visibility. Provides privacy to animals by Frequent cleaning required. insulating from noise. Expensive to construct and replace. Requires much smaller area than Visitor vandalism moats. Low walls to Natural looking. Authentic looking clay banks can be simulate clay Enrichment possibilities. expensive to construct. banks Nocturnal animal and reptiles may use for clinging, hibernation, aestivation. Requires much smaller area than moats High walls to Natural looking. Authentic looking rock cliffs can simulate rock Requires much smaller area be very expensive to construct. cliffs than moats Unrealistic rockwork detracts from exhibit.
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BARRIER DESIGNS FOR ZOOS<br />
2.2 Summary of <strong>Barrier</strong> Types<br />
In general, the animal species, it’s danger to human beings if loose, and it’s ability or inability<br />
to jump or climb determines the physical barrier. No single barrier type meets all needs. Thus<br />
a coordinated system of barriers should be provided.<br />
Primary <strong>Barrier</strong>s – These provide safe physical containment <strong>for</strong> the animals both on and offexhibit<br />
in areas used by the animals on a regular basis. Examples include perimeter barriers <strong>for</strong><br />
display and off-display enclosures, paddocks, night rooms or retiring dens and raceways.<br />
Secondary <strong>Barrier</strong>s – These areas provide temporary physical animal containment should<br />
the animals escape from primary barriers and keep visitors from contacting animals. Examples<br />
include vestibules in animal enclosures, safety partitions to prevent “blind spots” in holding<br />
areas and fencing to keep visitors from entering off-display areas and rail or other barriers to<br />
keep visitors away from hazardous areas like moats or primary fencing barriers. The zoo’s<br />
perimeter fence is also a type of secondary barrier.<br />
Tertiary <strong>Barrier</strong>s – These are intended to keep animals out of planted areas or away from<br />
primary barriers and often use “hot” or electrified wires disguised as natural features such as<br />
“hot grass”, “hot vines”, “hot roots”, etc.<br />
Electrified barriers (photo voltaic powered fence/power fence) may be used to increase the<br />
effectiveness of primary barriers (such as placing electrified wires on hidden fencing or along<br />
moats to discourage climbing or swimming. However electrified barriers may become unreliable<br />
and must not be used as primary barriers by themselves.<br />
Exceptions and Exemptions – Since the barrier types listed may not be necessary or appropriate<br />
in all cases and to encourage innovation and advancement:<br />
12
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