Barrier Designs for Zoos - ZooLex Zoo Design Organization

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Bengal tigers at Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Vishakhapatnam (Brij Kishor Gupta) In the wildness is the preservation of the world. –Henry David Thoreau
1.0 Introduction At the beginning of the twenty-first century, zoo exhibit design around the world is in developmental phase that includes thematic display of ecological niches, simulation of animal’s natural habitats, and the creation of mixed species exhibits. Today the quality of a zoo is no longer measured by the number of species it contains, but rather by the quality of its exhibits, its educational programs, and its research and conservation activities. Over the past 5 years zoo exhibit design in India has undergone a metamorphosis which has resulted in a significant improvement in the quality of animal care at the major zoos. The impetus behind this has been the establishment of the Central Zoo Authority (statutory body under the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India) in 1992. However, recent surveys have shown that in the majority of Indian zoos most animals are still kept in cages. It is time to eliminate all such cage structures and provide physical and visual barriers through moats and other means. Today exhibit cages in many older zoos have been removed, retiring cubicles and off exhibit breeding area for many specialized species have been created. The use of screens, moats, glass, wire and elevated boardwalks etc are a few options used as barriers for the display of animals. In a zoo the authenticity and quality of the exhibits will form the most immediate as well as the most enduring impressions for the visitor. Today there are several methods employed to hide animal barriers from public viewing such as disguising the barrier as some natural feature like a stream, rock outcrop, eroded bank or a river edge and so on. The use of vegetation, rocks, logs and similar props help in creating long panoramas containing various animals and an illusion of the animals within a “natural habitat”. The barrier may also be hidden by plantings or contouring. By making it impossible, or at least difficult, for visitors to determine exactly what are the physical limits of the animal’s area, a greater excitement can be generated and deeper sense of being part of the animal’s world. Barrier design involves issues such as critical jumping distances, structural stability of the barrier, as well as public safety. At present the most moated zoo exhibits are in United States and the moat widths used there are still considered the standard for most zoo architects. An issue that most zoos around the world, and particularly in India, have to deal with in some form or the other is the harassment of animals. This may take place through remote means i.e. throwing of objects, or by direct means where visitors enter the enclosure. Many zoos feel that harassment can be avoided by providing high enough barriers. However, to do so would defeat the very purpose of a zoo for visitors to learn about and feel empathy for animals through respect. Harassment of animals is an aspect that can only be effectively dealt with through effective zoo management and education of 1
Page 1 and 2: ArriEr dEsigns FOr ZOOs Central Zoo
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Page 9: Acknowledgements I am grateful to m
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Page 15 and 16: Naturalistic enclosure for Sambar a
Page 17 and 18: 2.1.5 Respecting the Animal 7 CENTR
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Page 23 and 24: 2.2.1 Physical Barrier and their Ty
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Page 33 and 34: 3.2 Terrestrial species - jumping 3
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3.7 Crawling animals 3.7.1 Snakes a
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4.0. Off-display exhibits Enclosure
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61 CENTRAL ZOO AUTHORITY Moat width
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2(b)Use of different materials in b
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Barrier Designs For Zoos Gupta, B.
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