Resume of Sitaraman Chandra Sekhar - NUS Home

Resume of Sitaraman Chandra Sekhar 11 Aug 2012 

http://www.bdg.nus.edu.sg/staff_bdgscs.htm 

Personal Particulars 

Date of Birth : 23-09-1960 

Citizenship : Singaporean 

Marital status : Married 

Children : 1 

Appointment : 

Associate Professor, 

Programme Director, MSc (Building Performance and Sustainability) 

Co-Programme Director, MSc (Integrated Sustainable Design) 

Department of Building, National University of Singapore (NUS) 

Founding Director, Enhanced Air Quality Pte Ltd (an NUS Spinoff 

company) www.enhancedairquality.com 

Indoor Air Quality Consultant 

Education 

PhD (Adelaide), BE (Mech) (Hons) 

(Rajasthan. India) 

Fellow ASHRAE, Fellow ISIAQ, 

MIEAust. CPeng. 

Ph.D (1991) 

The University of Adelaide, Australia. 

Ph.D. Thesis : "Life Cycle Design of Dehumidifiers in Air-Conditioning" 

B.E. Honours - Mechanical Engineering (1984) 

Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur 

(Formerly Malaviya Regional Engineering College), University of Rajasthan, India. 

Professional Affiliations 

1. Fellow ASHRAE, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 

Inc. 

2. Fellow ISIAQ, International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate 

3. MIEAust. CPEng. Corporate Member, Chartered Professional Engineer, Institution of 

Engineers, Australia. 

Achievements and Awards 

1) SPRING Singapore Merit Award, June 2012 (Contributions to Singapore Standardisation 

Programme). 

2) Long Service Award, National University of Singapore, 2012. 

3) Winner of ASEAN Energy Awards 2011 : Energy Efficiency and Conservation Best Practices 

Competition for Energy Efficient Buildings – Special Submission [Single Coil Twin Fan (SCTF) 

Air-conditioning and Air Distribution Systems in ZEB@BCA Academy, Singapore], 23 June 

2011 [Awarding Ceremony – September 2011 – Brunei Darussalam – Gala Dinner of the 

ASEAN Energy Ministers (AMEM)] 

4) Zero Energy Building - Minister for National Development's R&D Award 2011 (Distinguished 

Award) – Team prize awarded in June 2011 

5) Awarded the ASHRAE Distinguished Service Award, 2010 (Plaque awarded at the ASHRAE 

Annual Meeting in Albuquerque, June 2010) 

6) Awarded ASHRAE Fellow grade, 2007 (Plaque awarded at the ASHRAE Winter Meeting in New 

York City, January 2008) 

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7) ASHRAE Regional Chapter Programs Award 2006-07 - in recognition of successful operation 

of Chapter Programs in ASHRAE Singapore Chapter 

8) Appointed ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer (July 2006 – To date) 

9) Member of the ISIAQ Academy of Fellows [Formerly Member of the International Academy of 

Indoor Air Sciences (Diploma given at the Opening Ceremony of the Indoor Air 2005 

Conference in Beijing : 4-9 September 2005)] 

10) Included in the 8 th Edition (2005-2006) of MARQUIS Who’s Who in Science and Engineering 

11) Awarded The Enterprise Challenge (TEC) Awards of the Public Service Division, Prime 

Minister’s Office, Singapore (to be presented on 13 October 2004). Leading a team that 

secured the TEC grant, a first for NUS, for field trial of the newly developed and patented 

Single Coil Twin Fan (SCTF) air-conditioning system: 

Innovator Award with cash of S$1000 (To recognize the individuals/teams {proposers} as 

TEC innovators – For every approved TEC proposal) 

Enterprising Agency Award (To recognize Piloting Agencies for their initiatives and 

enterprise – Awarded to all TEC Piloting Agencies) 

12) University of Adelaide Scholarship for Post Graduate Research (1986-1990). 

13) Recipient of ASHRAE Grant-in-Aid in 1987, (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and 

Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.), the first instance an award being made outside North 

America. 

14) Indian Railway Scholarship during Bachelor of Engineering degree course (1979 - 1983). 

15) 

Member of Journal Editorial Board 

1) Associate Editor of ASHRAE HVAC&R Research journal (July 2009 - June 2015) 

2) Member of the Editorial Board, Energy and Buildings journal, Elsevier Ltd (June 2005 – To 

date) 

3) Member of the Editorial Board, International Journal of Ventilation (July 2007 – To date) 

4) Member of the Editorial Board, Indoor and Built Environment (September 2010 – To date) 

5) Member of the Editorial Board, International Journal of Sustainable Built 

Environment (Oct 2011 – To date) 

Guest Editor 

1) ASHRAE HVAC&R Research Journal - Topical Issue of IAQVEC 2010 Conference (2010-2011) 

(Conference held at Syracuse, USA, 15-18 August 2010) 

2) ASHRAE HVAC&R Research Journal - Topical Issue of ASHRAE IAQ 2010 Conference (2011) 

(Conference held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 9-12 November 2010) 

Research Interests 

Energy efficient air-conditioning and air distribution systems for enhanced IAQ 

Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality – Audits and Diagnostics in Tropical Buildings 

Total Building Performance and Sustainability 

Green Building Technologies 

Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis in Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils 

Building Energy Analysis and Management 

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Applications in Building Studies 

Key features 

Pioneering member of the Indoor Air Quality Research Unit (IAQRU) [1992 – To Date] 

Pioneering member of the team involved in the development of the Indoor Air Quality 

Laboratory [1992 – To Date] 

Undertaken several university funded research projects [1992 – To Date] 

Successfully nominated PhD student (Mr Yang Bin) to be a recipient of 2007 ASHRAE Grant-in- 

Aid (US$10,000) 

Successfully nominated Dr Henry Cahyadi Willem (as his PhD Thesis Committee member) to be 

a recipient of ASHRAE’s Ralph Nevins Award in 2008 

Research Publications (To Date) 

Number of Internationally Refereed Journal articles 

► Published/Accepted : 53 

► Under review : 1 


Chapter in a Book : 1 

Book Review : 2 

Editorial work on books : 2 

Editorial work on journal : 3 

Number of Conference Papers (International/Regional/Local) : 129 

Invited Talks (ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer/Conf/Seminars/Workshops) : 67 

Research focus 

Integrated IAQ-energy audit field studies with an emphasis on ventilation measurements 

employing tracer gas studies 

Diagnosis of ventilation and air-conditioning system related IAQ issues in the occupied 

zones of a building 

Energy efficient air-conditioning systems for enhanced IAQ, particularly the performance of 

cooling and dehumidifying coils 

Energy efficient air distribution systems for enhancing IAQ : Demand Control Ventilation 

and Personalized Ventilation systems 

Four US and PCT Patents 

Energy Efficient Variable Air Volume (VAV) System with Zonal Ventilation Control - US 

Patent No. 6,698,219 B2 (March 2004); Singapore Patent No. 104686 (August 2006); 

China Patent No. ZL 02826537.8 (September 2007); India Patent No. 231535 (March 

2009) 

Single Coil Twin variable Air Volume (VAV) System for Energy Efficient Conditioning of 

Independent Fresh and Return Air Streams - US Patent No. 6,986,386 B2 (January 

2006); Singapore Patent No. 105052 (June 2006); China Patent No. ZL 02826538.6 

(February 2008); Australian Patent No. AU 2002365545 

Dual-Compartment Ventilation and Air-conditioning System having a Shared Heating 

Coil - US Patent No. 7,059,400 B2 (June 2006) 

Water Tank Storage System to Harvest Solar Energy (US patent filed : 17/08/2010, 

Patent Pending) 

Incorporation of a NUS Spin-off company – Enhanced Air Quality Pte Ltd (Founding Director 

since 19 July 2004) 

Fostering international collaboration in the area of indoor air quality and energy – Technical 

University of Denmark (DTU), ETH Zurich, Penn State University, University of Michigan, 

University of Berkeley, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), The University of 

Adelaide 

Coordinated the planning, design, development, construction and commissioning of the Field 

Environmental Chambers (FEC), [2000- 2004] 

Coordinated the planning, design, construction and commissioning of the renovated IAQ and 

Thermal chamber, [2001- 2002] 

Key member of the Centre for Total Building Performance (CTBP) – A BCA-NUS Centre for 

Tropical Building Research. 

[established November 2000] 

Academic/Professional Activities - International 

External Examiner 

1. PhD Thesis - University of New South Wales, Australia (2010) 

2. PhD Thesis - National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India (2010) 

3. Master of Engineering (ME) Thesis - University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2010) 

4. PhD Thesis - University of Adelaide, Australia (1997) 

International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ) 

1. Chair, STC 21 – Ventilation. (Scientific and Technical Committee) (November 2010 – To Date) 

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers 

(ASHRAE), USA 

1. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer (July 2006 – To date) 

2. Associate Editor, HVAC&R Research Journal (2009 – To date) 

3. Non Voting Member, Technology Council (2011-2013) 

4. Chair, ASHRAE Environmental Health Committee (2012-2013) 

5. Member, ASHRAE Environmental Health Committee (2006-07; 2007-08; 2008-09; 2009-10; 

2010-11), Vice Chair (2011-2012) 


6. Faculty Advisor – NUS ASHRAE Student Branch (July 2011 – To date) 

7. Program Committee Member, ASHRAE IAQ2013 (Jan 2012 – To date) 

8. Chair, IAQ 2010 Steering Committee (2008-2010) 

9. Research Sub-Comm Chair, ASHRAE TC 2.1 (Physiology and Human Environment) (2007 – 

2011) 

10. Member, ASHRAE Standard SSPC 55 (Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human 

Occupancy) (2005-2009) 

11. Member, ASHRAE Standard SSPC 62.1 (Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality) (2004- 

To date) 

12. Member, ASHRAE TC 2.1 (Physiology and Human Environment) (2004 – To Date) 

13. International Member, ASHRAE TC 4.3 (Ventilation Requirements & Infiltration) (2004 – To 

Date) 

14. Member, Project Monitoring Committee, ASHRAE Hot & Humid Climate Design Guide (2007- 

2008) 

15. Member, Airborne Infectious Disease (AID) Position Document (PD) Committee (2007-2008) 

16. Member, Mold and Moisture Position Document Committee (2008-2010) 

17. Member, IAQ Position Document Committee (2008-2010) 

Invited Talks/Workshops/Seminars 

KEYNOTE/PLENARY TALKS 

1. Invited Keynote Talk “New HVAC Technologies in Hot and Humid Climates”. The Fourth 

International Conference on Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning in Tehran, Iran (12-15 

June 2012). Organized by the Building and Housing Research Center, The Iranian Construction 

Engineering Organization, Iranian HVAC Engineers Society and the Iranian e-Community of 

Mechanical Engineers in close partnership with UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) 

and Turkish Society of HVAC & Sanitary Engineers (TTMD). 

2. Plenary & ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Decoupled Ventilation Strategies for Enhanced 

IAQ – “Demand Cooling” and “Demand Ventilation”: Recent Findings”. 37 th International 

Congress on Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning, Belgrade, 6-8 December 2006. 

(incorporating Danube Chapter talk) 

3. Invited Plenary Speaker – “Towards Energy Efficient Healthy Buildings in the Tropics”. 

ACRECONF 2009 – 2 Day International Technical Conference (Reaching out for a Green 

tomorrow), New Delhi, 20-21 February 2009. 

ASHRAE - Distinguished Lecturer Talks 

1. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Decoupled ventilation strategies for enhanced IAQ in 

Green Buildings – “Demand cooling” and “Demand ventilation”". CAR-ASHRAE Technical 

Seminar – High Performance Building (12 Apr 2012, New International Exhibition Centre, 

Beijing, China) (CHINA REFRIGERATION 2012 – The 23 rd International Exhibition for 

Refrigeration, Air-conditioning, Heating and Ventilation, Frozen Food Processing, Packaging 

and Storage, April 11-13, 2012). 

2. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, "Integrated IAQ and Energy Case Studies in the Tropics". 

21 Mar 2012, University of Central Florida Harris Engineering Center, Orlando, United States 

(Organised by Central Florida & Spacecoast ASHRAE Chapters) 

3. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, "Integrated IAQ and Energy Case Studies in the Tropics". 

22 Mar 2012, 94th Aero Squadron Restaurant, Miami, United States) (Organised by Miami 

ASHRAE Chapter) 

4. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talks, "Ventilation, IAQ and Energy Issues in hot humid 

climates – Past, Present and Future" & "Decoupled ventilation strategies for enhanced IAQ – 

“Demand cooling” and “Demand ventilation”". 19 th International HVACR Conference 2012, 1 - 

3 Mar 2012, Jinnah Convention Center, Islamabad, Pakistan (Organised by Pakistan HVACR 

Society Islamabad Chapter and ASHRAE Northern Pakistan Chapter) 

5. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talks, "Ventilation, IAQ and Energy Issues in hot humid 

climates – Past, Present and Future" & "Decoupled ventilation strategies for enhanced IAQ – 

“Demand cooling” and “Demand ventilation”". (28 Feb 2012, Pearl Continental Hotel, Karachi, 

Pakistan) (Organised by ASHRAE Pakistan Chapter) 

6. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, "Ventilation, IAQ and Energy Issues in hot humid 

climates – Past, Present and Future". (24 Feb 2012, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, 

Jaipur, India) 


7. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Ventilation, IAQ and Energy Issues in hot humid 

climates – Past, Present and Future”. 14 March 2011, Ahmedabad, India (ASHRAE Western 

India Chapter). 

8. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Decoupled ventilation strategies for enhanced IAQ – 

“Demand cooling” and “Demand ventilation”. 14 March 2011, Ahmedabad, India (ASHRAE 

Western India Chapter). 


climates – Past, Present and Future”. 16 March 2011, Mumbai, India (ASHRAE Mumbai 

Chapter). (1-day International Workshop on IAQ. Organised by ASHRAE and ISHRAE). 


“Demand cooling” and “Demand ventilation”. 16 March 2011, Mumbai, India (ASHRAE Mumbai 

Chapter). (1-day International Workshop on IAQ. Organised by ASHRAE and ISHRAE). 


climates – Past, Present and Future”. 18 March 2011, Kolkata, India (ASHRAE Kolkata 

Chapter). 


“Demand cooling” and “Demand ventilation”. 18 March 2011, Kolkata, India (ASHRAE Kolkata 

Chapter). 

13. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talks – Seminar on HVAC&R - ACREX 2010, 17-20 February 

2010, Mumbai, India. “Ventilation, IAQ and Energy issues in hot humid climates” and 

“International IAQ and Ventilation Standards”. 

14. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Ventilation, IAQ and Energy Issues in Hot Humid 

Climates – Past, Present and Future”. 2 March 2009, Taipei 

15. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “International Ventilation and IAQ Standards”. 27 

February 2009, Bangkok 

16. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “International Ventilation and IAQ Standards”. 28 

November 2008, Singapore. 

17. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Integrated IAQ and Energy Case Studies in the Tropics”. 

10 June 2008, Karachi (Pakistan Chapter Dinner Talk). 

18. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Integrated IAQ and Energy Case Studies in the Tropics”. 

12 June 2008, Lahore (Pakistan Chapter Dinner Talk). 

19. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Decoupled Ventilation Strategies for Enhanced IAQ – 

“Demand Ventilation” and “Demand Cooling”. 13 May 2008, Pensacola (Northwest Florida 

Chapter Luncheon Talk). 


“Demand Cooling” and “Demand Ventilation”. 13 April 2007, Singapore. (ASHRAE Singapore 

Chapter dinner talk – co-organised with Department of Building, National University of 

Singapore) 


“Demand Cooling” and “Demand Ventilation”. Joint Symposium, 14 November 2006, Hong 

Kong. 


Climates – Past, Present and Future”. 22 November 2006, Kula Lumpur. (Malaysia Chapter 

dinner talk). 

23. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, “Ventilation in hot and humid climates : Decoupled 

ventilation”. 4 December 2006, Warsaw (Polonia Chapter Luncheon Talk). 


Climates – Past, Present and Future”. 1 December 2006, Bangalore. (South India Chapter 

dinner talk). 


Climates – Past, Present and Future”. 30 December 2006, Chennai. (South India Chapter 

Luncheon talk). 

ASHRAE – Other Invited Talks/Workshops 

1. Invited speaker for a Seminar in ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Chicago, 22 January 2012, 

“Oversized Air-Conditioning Systems and Overcooled Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates” – 

Seminar 14 Why Are We Overcooling Buildings in Summer? 

2. Invited speaker, ASHRAE Student Branch, Nirma University. Integrated IAQ and Energy 

Considerations in Sustainable Design. 14 March 2011, Ahmedabad, India. 

3. Invited speaker, ASHRAE Student Branch, Jadavpur University. Integrated IAQ and Energy 

Considerations in Sustainable Design. 18 March 2011, Kolkata, India 


4. Invited Workshop Chair, "Personalised Ventilation – A control technique for airborne infection". 

ASHRAE IAQ 2010 Conference (10 - 12 Nov 2010, Berjaya Times Square Hotel & Convention 

Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) 

5. Invited workshop instructor – “Complying with ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 62.1: Ventilation for 

acceptable indoor air quality.” Dubai, 20 April 2009. ASHRAE’s Dubai/Falcon Emirates Chapter 

6. Invited workshop instructor – “Complying with ASHRAE/ANSI Standard 62.1: Ventilation for 

acceptable indoor air quality.” Kuwait, 22 April 2009. ASHRAE’s Kuwait Chapter 

7. Invited speaker for a Seminar in ASHRAE Winter Meeting, New York City, 22 January 2008, 

“Green Mark Scheme in Singapore - Towards environment-friendly building design” – Seminar 

40 

8. Invited speaker for a Seminar in ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Long Beach, 26 June 2007, 

“Thermal comfort of semi-outdoor spaces in hot and humid climate” – Seminar 52 

9. Invited speaker for a Seminar in ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Chicago, 23 January 2006, “Findings 

of personalized ventilation studies in a hot and humid climate” – Seminar 25 

10. Invited speaker for a Seminar in ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Chicago, 23 January 2006, 

“International Ventilation Standards” – Seminar 37 

11. Invited speaker for a Seminar in ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Orlando, 6 February 2004, 

“Ventilation and infiltration in hot humid climates : IAQ and energy issues revisited” – Seminar 

3 

Other International Talks/Workshops 

1. Andy Persily and S.C.Sekhar, “Ventilation Measurement in IAQ Studies: A problem that needs 

our attention”. STC 21 Workshop Part I - The Role of Ventilation in Indoor Air Quality: The 

Need for Better Understanding, Measurement and Reporting. Healthy Buildings 2012 – 10 th 

International Conference, Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, 8-12 July 

2012. 

2. S.C. Sekhar, “Advanced Air Distribution in Spaces - Energy penalty or energy efficiency”. STC 

21 Workshop Part II – Advanced Air Distribution in Spaces. Healthy Buildings 2012 – 10 th 


2012. 

3. Invited Speaker at a Seminar in Penang, Malaysia (21 May 2012), “Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – 

Good or Bad?” Organised by the Society of Occupational & Environmental Medicine-Malaysian 

Medical Association. 

4. Sekhar, S.C., “ASHRAE Standards for Sustainability – Towards Healthy Green Buildings”. 

APEC/ASEAN Conference on Green Buildings. 12-13 September 2011. (Nominated to speak 

for ASHRAE) 

5. Sekhar, S C, "Personalised Ventilation – Personalised Exhaust System". 5 th WORKSHOP ON 

ADVANCED AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (19-22 Jun 2011, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway) 

6. Sekhar, S C, "Technological Innovation – Key to good IAQ and Sustainability". Techmantra 

2009 : Technology and You - Design, Innovate and Sustain (Invited paper) (28 - 31 May 2009, 

Tarika's Jungal Retreat, Chail, India) (This Technical Paper presentation was made over SKYPE 

(from Singapore) to participants in Chail, India). 

7. Public Lecture – “Emerging HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficient Healthy Buildings in Hot 

and Humid Climates”. 13 June 2008, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 

Pakistan. 

8. Invited Speaker, 10 th Global Engineering Conference 2008, Las Vegas, April 9-11, 2008. 

“Sustainable Design for Hot Humid Climates – Emerging HVAC Technologies for Energy 

Efficient Healthy Buildings. 

9. Sekhar, S C, "Recent Findings of PV System Integrated with Ambient Ceiling Supply and UFAD 

Systems in a Hot and Humid Climate". 4 th WORKSHOP ON PERSONAL ENVIRONMENTAL 

CONTROL SYSTEMS (PECS) (12 Sep 2009, SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY GOLDSTEIN ALUMNI & 

FACULTY CENTER, Syracuse, United States) 

10. Sekhar, S C, "PECS and Ventilation Standards". 3 rd WORKSHOP ON PERSONAL 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEMS (PECS) (16 August 2008, Exhausto Ventilation Ltd, 

Copenhagen, Denmark) 

11. Sekhar, S C, "Personalized Ventilation and its interaction with Secondary air-distribution 

system – Some recent studies using CFD". 2 nd WORKSHOP ON PERSONAL ENVIRONMENTAL 

CONTROL SYSTEMS (PECS) (18 Jan 2008, Syracuse University’s Lubin House, New York City, 

United States) 

12. Sekhar, S C, "Recent CFD findings of Personalised Ventilation strategies under different 

secondary air distribution scenarios". 1 st WORKSHOP ON PERSONAL ENVIRONMENTAL 

CONTROL SYSTEMS (PECS) (13 - 15 Jun 2007, Finlandia Hall, Helsinki, Finland) 


13. Guest Lecture on 2 February 2007 at the University of Nebraska at Lincoln (Omaha Campus). 

“Ventilation in hot humid climates – Decoupled Ventilation” 

14. Invited talk at the “Indoor climate considerations and the EPBD” session of the International 

Conference on the Energy Performance of Buildings, Brussels, 22 September 2005. Title : 

Indoor Environment and Energy In Hot Humid Climates : The ASEAN Approach 

15. Invited talk at a seminar on Effective Management of Healthcare Technology, Kuala Lumpur, 

23 March 2005, “Environmental issues in healthcare technologies” 

16. Invited speaker for an ISHRAE/ASHRAE South India Chapter Talk in Chennai, India – 21 st 

February 2005, “Ventilation, IAQ and energy issues in the tropics” 

17. Invited to chair a workshop on “Personalised Air” at ROOMVENT 2002 

18. Invited Talk on 30 August 2001 at ICIEE, Technical University of Denmark, “Research 

Directions at the New Centre for Total Building Performance with Particular Emphasis on Indoor 

Environmental Quality” 

Other International Activities 

1. Co-Chairs (S.C. Sekhar and A.K.Melikov) of STC 21 Workshops. “Part I - The Role of 

Ventilation in Indoor Air Quality: The Need for Better Understanding, Measurement and 

Reporting” & “Part II - Advanced air distribution in spaces”. Healthy Buildings 2012 – 10 th 


2012. 

2. Member of the International Scientific Committee, International Conference on Advances in 

Building Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India, 13-16 February 

2013. 

3. Member of the International Scientific Committee of the CLIMA 2013 Congress - 11 th REHVA 

World Congress and the 8 th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and 

Energy Conservation in Buildings, Prague, Czech Republic (June 16-19, 2013) 

4. Sekhar Invitation for Academic Reputation Survey - Times Higher Education (THE) World 

University Rankings, May 2011 

5. Member of the International Scientific Committee of the 5 th International Building Physics 

Conference, May 2012, Kyoto, Japan 

6. Member of the International Scientific Committee, Roomvent 2011, 12 th International 

Conference, 19-22 June 2011, Trondheim, Norway. 

7. Member, Asia-Pacific Steering Committee, Healthy Buildings HB2012, 10 th International 

Conference, 8-12 July 2012, Brisbane, Australia. 

8. Member of the International Scientific Committee, Indoor Air 2011, Austin, USA (5-10 June 

2011) 

9. Member of the International Scientific Committee, IAQVEC 2010, Syracuse, USA (15-18 

August 2010) 

10. Member of the International Scientific Committee, CLIMA 2010 - Sustainable Energy Use in 

Buildings, May 9-12, 2010, Antalya, Turkey. 

11. Member, Technical Program Committee, Healthy Buildings 2009, 9 th International Conference, 

September 13-17, 2009, Syracuse, USA. 

12. Member of the International Scientific Committee, Roomvent 2009, 11 th International 

Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, May 24-27, 2009, Busan, Korea. 

13. Member of the International Scientific Committee, EERB-BEPH 2009, The Fifth International 

Workshop on Energy and Environment of Residential Buildings and The Third International 

Conference on Built Environment and Public Health, May 27-29, 2009, Guilin, China. 

14. External assessment to review a research proposal (City University of Hong Kong) - "Modeling 

and evaluation of supplemental air cleaning devices under actual building ventilation 

conditions". (February 2009) 

15. Member of the International Scientific Committee, 29 th AIVC Conference - Advanced building 

ventilation and environmental technology for addressing climate change issues, October 14- 

16, 2008, Kyoto, Japan. 

16. Member of the International Scientific Committee, First International Conference on Building 

Energy and Environment (COBEE), August 4-6, 2008, Dalian, China 

17. Member of the International Scientific Committee, Indoor Air 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark 

(17-22 August 2008) 

18. Member, Technical Advisory Committee, Energex 2007, Singapore (26-30 November 2007) 

19. Technical Committee Reviewer, PLEA 2007, Singapore (22-24 November 2007) 

20. Member of the International Scientific Committee, Roomvent 2007, Helsinki, Finland (13-15 

June 2007) 


21. Member of the International Scientific Committee, IAQVEC 2007, (6 th International Conference 

on IAQ, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings, Sendai, Japan (October 28-31, 

2007) 

22. Member of the International Scientific Committee, 37 th International Congress on HVAC&R, 

Belgrade, Serbia (6-8 December 2006) 

23. Member of the International Advisory Committee of Healthy Buildings 2006 – Lisbon, Portugal 

(June 4-8, 2006) 

24. External referee for a Promotion & Tenure application in Ecole Polytechnique Federale de 

Lausanne – EPFL (2005) 

25. Reviewer – Chapter (HVAC Systems) of a book titled “A Sourcebook on Low-Energy Buildings 

and District Energy Systems: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Examples”, University of Toronto 

(2005) 

26. Member of the International Scientific Committee of Indoor Air 2005, 10 th International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate – Beijing, China (September 4 – 9, 2005) 

27. Member of the International Scientific Committee of ROOMVENT 2004 1 

28. Member of the Technical Committee for INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE 

HABITAT FOR EXTREME COLD CLIMATES AT LEH, India, September 16 – 18, 2004 

29. Technical Chair (Organising Committee) of Healthy Buildings International Conference – 

HB2003 (Healthy Buildings 2003 2 ) held in Singapore in December 2003 

30. Reviewer for publications in international and regional journals 

REGULAR OCCASIONAL 

Indoor Air (International Journal of Indoor 

Environment and Health) 

ASHRAE HVAC&R Research journal 

ASHRAE Transactions 

Energy and Buildings journal 

Building and Environment journal 

International Journal of Ventilation 

Indoor and Built Environment 

31. Member of the International Scientific Committee of ROOMVENT 2002 3 

Academic/Professional Activities - Local 

Page 8 of 39 

Applied Energy 

CLEAN Journal 

ENERGY - the International Journal 

Engineering Computations 

Heat Transfer Engineering journal 

Journal of Automobile Engineering 

Journal of Air & Waste Management 

Association 

Journal of Environmental Management 

Ergonomics (An international journal of 

research and practice in human factors and 

ergonomics) 

Solar Energy (Journal of the International Solar 

Energy Society) 

ASHRAE Singapore Chapter 

1. Member, Board of Governors, ASHRAE Singapore Chapter, (2012-13) 

2. Immediate Past President (IPP), ASHRAE Singapore Chapter, Member, Board of Governors 

(2011-12) 

3. President, ASHRAE Singapore Chapter, Member, Board of Governors (2010-11) 

4. President-Elect, ASHRAE Singapore Chapter, Member, Board of Governors (2009-10) 

5. Secretary, ASHRAE Singapore Chapter, Member, Board of Governors (2008-09) 

6. Chairman, Chapter Technology Transfer Committee (CTTC); Member, Board of Governors; 

ASHRAE Singapore Chapter (2005-06; 2006-07; 2007-08) 

7. Member of Technical, Energy and Government Activities (TEGA), ASHRAE Singapore Chapter 

(2004) 

Invited Talks/Workshops/Seminars 

1 th 

ROOMVENT 2004 – 9 International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, Lisbon, Portugal, 5-8 

September 2004 

2 th 

Healthy Buildings 2003 : 7 International Conference of the International Society for Indoor Air 

Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), Singapore, 7-11 December 2003 

3 th 

ROOMVENT 2002 : Air Distribution in Rooms - 8 International Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark

1) Workshop Trainer - MANAGEMENT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY, 23 - 25 July 2012 (5 th Re-Run). 

Singapore Environment Institute (SEI), National Environment Agency, Singapore [Topic : 

How Ventilation Rate Impacts IAQ] 

2) Workshop Trainer, Workshop on Designing Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates, Singapore, 22 

May 2012. Organised by ASHRAE Singapore Chapter and BCA Academy. 

3) Workshop Trainer - MANAGEMENT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY, 18 - 20 July 2011 (3 rd Re-Run). 



4) Workshop Trainer - MANAGEMENT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY, 21 – 23 March 2011 (2 nd Re-Run). 

Singapore Environment Institute (SEI), National Environment Agency, Singapore [Topics : 1) 

Indoor Air Quality and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and recent Research findings; 2) 


5) Workshop Trainer - MANAGEMENT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY, 29 Sept – 1 Oct 2010 (1 st Run). 



6) Invited Speaker - Seminar on Singapore Standards for Air Conditioning, Mechanical Ventilation 

and Indoor Air Quality, 24 November 2009, SPRING Singapore – “Overview of SS 554:2009 

Indoor Air Quality for Air-conditioned Buildings” 

7) Invited speaker on 18 January 2007 at a Seminar (Launch of SS 530:2006 Energy Efficiency 

Standard for Building Services & Equipment), Singapore. “Updates on Development of SS : 

Indoor Air Quality in Air-conditioned Buildings” 

8) Invited speaker on 16 November 2005 at a Seminar (Indoor Air Quality – Security and Health 

Risks), Singapore. “Today’s Environment – An Assessment” 

9) Invited Talk on 12 August 2005 to Focus Group (Air & Climate Change), Singapore, “Indoor 

Environmental Quality in Singapore – What we know and How should we respond?” 

10) Invited speaker for CPG Training Centre, Singapore (Topic : Indoor Air Quality, July 2004) 

Other Activities 

1. Invited Member (representing ASHRAE Singapore Chapter) – Energy Standards Committee 

(ENSC), SPRING (2011-2014) 

2. Appointment to the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum Building Advisory Committee 

(March 2011 – Feb 2014) 

3. Invited Member of the Judging Panel for the Energy Efficiency National Partnership (EENP) 

Awards (2011, 2012) 

4. Invited member of the M&E Review Panel for National Art Gallery Project, Singapore (2009 – 

2010) 

5. Appointment to the Singapore Certified Energy Manager Curriculum and Examination (SCEM 

C&E) Board (2009-2011). Chairman, SCEM C&E Board (2009-To Date) 

6. Internal Examiner for MSc and PhD thesis – National University of Singapore 

7. Technical Committee member – Building Maintenance and Management - Singapore 

Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board, SPRING Singapore (2007 – 2010) 

8. Invited Member, Energy Modeling Technical Committee, Building and Construction Authority, 

Singapore (2006-2007) 

9. Technical Committee member – Facilities Management - Singapore Standards, Productivity and 

Innovation Board, SPRING Singapore (2002 – 2007) 

10. Co-convenor of the Working Group for IAQ, SPRING Singapore (2005- 2009). Singapore 

Standard SS 554 : Code of Practice for Indoor Air Quality for air-conditioned 

buildings – Launched in November 2009. 

11. Member of the Working Group for the review of CP13 (Code of Practice for Mechanical 

Ventilation and Air-conditioning in Buildings), SPRING Singapore, (July 2005 – 2009). ). 

Singapore Standard SS 553 : Code of Practice for Air-conditioning and mechanical 

ventilation in buildings – Launched in November 2009. 

12. Member of the Working Group for the review of CP24 (Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency 

Standard for Building Services and Equipment), SPRING Singapore, (2004 – 2006) 

13. Technical Committee Member, Sustainable Energy Forum 2005 (29 November – 2 December, 

2005) [in conjunction with ENVIRONMEX ASIA 2005 and WATERMEX ASIA 2005] 

14. Reviewer for publications in local/regional journals Institution of Engineers Singapore 

(IES) journal (1994 – To date) 

15. Member of the University Committee for Design Review of Infrastructure Projects, National 

University of Singapore 

16. Technical Assessor for Indoor Air Quality Assessment for Singapore Laboratory Accreditation 

Scheme (SINGLAS), Singapore Productivity and Standards Board. (1997 – To date) 


17. Invited to participate in Singapore Civil Defense Force (SCDF) projects with major national 

significance (1997 – To date) 

18. Member of an Expert Panel by National Science and Technology Board (NSTB) for evaluation of 

project proposals – Proposal involving the development of optimization technology for building 

HVAC systems (2000) 

19. Organised the INTERFACULTY SEMINAR & NSTB TECHMONTH EVENT, Recent Issues and 

Developments in Indoor Air Quality, 25 September 1998 

20. Organising Committee Member of BUILDINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN ASIA, 11-13 

February 1998, Singapore 

21. Involved in the development of “Guidelines for Good Indoor Air Quality in Office premises” - 

Released by the Ministry of the Environment, Singapore, in October 1996. 

Employment 

January 2002 – To date : Associate Professor 

July 1992 – December 2001 : Assistant Professor 

Department of Building, National University of Singapore 

TEACHING 

Lecturing at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels in the area of building science and 

building services. Subjects taught include Indoor Air Quality, Building Energy Analysis and 

Management, Green Building Integration and Evaluation Studio, Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

Energy. Supervising student projects at both these levels. (Click here for details of modules 

taught) 

Teaching Philosophy 

Whilst I have consistently been assessed by the students in their feedback as being very 

knowledgeable, I think the manner in which this knowledge is transferred to the students is 

crucial. The process through which an effective transfer of this knowledge is facilitated depends 

largely on the nature of the subject matter, effective communication and ability to arouse student 

interest. I believe one of the key contributing factors in arousing and sustaining the students’ 

interest is my conscious and constant reference to practical applications that they can immediately 

relate to. Another important factor is my dedicated attempt to intersperse “heavy” theoretical 

concepts with regular allusion to national and global issues, such as Indoor Air Quality, Sick 

Building Syndrome, Healthy Buildings, global environmental concerns, energy efficiency and other 

topical issues. By combining a lecture containing substantial new concepts with “big picture” 

examples, the students are encouraged to think critically in applying theoretical concepts to 

practical applications through a “problem based learning” strategy. 

IAQ Lab Development 

1) Coordinated the planning, design, development, construction and commissioning of 

the Field Environmental Chambers – (Commissioned in late 2003) 

The Field Environmental Chambers (FEC), a world-class research facility and believed to be 

the first of its kind in the tropics, are a suite of 2 similar, low pollution emitting rooms with 

capability of simulating relevant ventilation strategies and real life scenarios to research the 

impact on human performance, perceptions and energy efficiency. The air distribution 

strategies currently include ceiling supply mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation 

(DV) and under floor supply air-conditioning (UFAC). Personalised ventilation (PV) system with 

16 air terminal devices in each FEC together with a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system 

are planned as further developments in the near future. During 2004-2006, the chambers 

were used for an extensive suite of experiments under two separate research projects 

(Collaborator on both research projects) – a) Impact of Indoor Environment on Perceived Air 

Quality, SBS Symptoms, Work Performance and Productivity (a collaborative project with the 

Technical University of Denmark) and b) Evaluation of displacement ventilation system in the 

tropics (a collaborative project with Halton Oy, Finland). The FEC has been planned to support 

a wide range of research initiatives and projects in the area of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and 

energy and serves the following purpose: 


conducting state-of-the-art research in line with the recent internationally identified 

paradigm of “field laboratory” based approach for human to indoor environment 

phenomena. 

providing quality and trend-setting education to our students in the technology and 

techniques for indoor environmental control and effects on humans 

One of the FECs underwent a major renovation during the period November 2007 – April 2008, 

during which an Air Handling Unit integrated with a Heat Pipe (HP-OA-AHU) was installed for 

the conditioning of Outdoor Air to be supplied as part of the Personalised Ventilation system. 

The FEC was also modified to provide two types of Personalised Ventilation ATD configurations 

– (1) Ceiling Mounted PV ATD and (2) Desk Mounted PV ATD. In each configuration, 16 PV 

ATDS have been installed. The HP-OA-AHU is considered a good system to achieve the key 

benefits in the form of energy efficiency and indoor humidity control. Heat pipes are passive 

devices that recover energy from cold air with the aim of pre-cooling the incoming outdoor air 

that is required for ventilation. In a hot and humid climate, heat pipes can enhance 

dehumidification potential by providing pre-cooling of the hot-humid outdoor air and, thus 

enabling the off-coil conditions of the cooling coil to be at a much lower dew point temperature 

than would otherwise be possible and this allows for increased condensation on the coil 

surfaces. The inherent recovery of the “cool energy” from this cold air to precool the incoming 

hot and humid outdoor air provides an attractive overall energy efficient option. An additional 

reheater is also provided in the AHU to ensure that the wide range of indoor environmental 

conditions for PV research, especially some of the warmer PV supply air temperatures can be 

achieved. The FEC is an on-going research and teaching facility and continues to play a pivotal 

role in these areas from the perspectives of innovative air-conditioning and air distribution 

technologies, energy efficiency and IAQ. 

2) Coordinated the planning, design, development, construction and commissioning of 

the renovated Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Chamber (Commissioned in 2002) 

The development of the IAQ and Thermal chamber was necessitated due to the planned 

activities of several key research projects, thus forming a basic research facility. The airconditioning 

and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) design of the IAQ chamber was envisaged to 

provide maximum flexibility in terms of different systems that can be investigated. An existing 

thermal chamber was renovated in early 2002 which involved the total replacement of the old 

air-conditioning and the air-distribution systems with the following new systems: 

An independent secondary air handling unit (AHU) consisting of a conventional cooling 

coil that provides total volume air (fresh and recirculated) to the chamber. The air 

distribution system is based on either a complete mixing (conventional ceiling supply) 

or displacement ventilation concept 

An independent primary AHU consisting of a conventional fan coil unit (FCU) that only 

delivers fresh air to the chamber. The air distribution system is based on a 

personalised ventilation concept. 

A newly developed AHU consisting of a compartmented cooling coil (US Patent No: 

6,698,219 B2 and other patents pending) that delivers fresh air and recirculated air 

separately to the chamber zones. The air distribution system is based on the newly 

developed single coil twin fan (SCTF) concept. 

The IAQ chamber enables the following types of studies: 

Comparison of different types of air-conditioning and air distribution systems 

Energy efficiency studies of system components, such as cooling coils and fans 

Subjective response studies of the impact of different systems on the indoor 

environmental conditions in the chamber 

7 research projects (3 Principal Investigator and 2 collaborators) have been completed in the 

IAQ and Thermal chamber. 

3) Breathing Thermal Manikin 

The IAQ lab is equipped with a Breathing Thermal Manikin (BTM) that continues to supplement 

the IAQ research activities focusing on close interaction in the immediate breathing zone 

(micro-climate) of a “simulated human being” such as thermal comfort, flow patterns during 

inhalation-exhalation process as impacted by different ventilation strategies (personalized 


ventilation, displacement ventilation etc) and movement of bio-aerosols aimed at 

understanding the transmission mechanism of viruses and bacteria. 

RESEARCH 

Involved in the continuous development and coordination of IAQ research activities and the 

associated laboratory facilities together with four other members of the group. Have undertaken 

several university funded research projects. Key initiatives (recently completed or ongoing) 

include: 

Development of an IAQ chamber and Field Environmental Chambers (FEC) at NUS 

Three US and PCT Patents (US Patent No: 6,698,219 B2; US Patent No. 6,986,386 B2; US 

Patent No. 7,059,400) – Inventions relating to (a) energy efficient conditioning of 

independent fresh and return air streams (b) energy efficient variable air volume (VAV) 

system with zonal ventilation control and (c) dual compartment ventilation and airconditioning 

system having a shared heating coil 

Leading a team that secured the TEC (The Enterprise Challenge) grant, a first for NUS, for 

field trial of the newly developed and patented Single Coil Twin Fan (SCTF) air-conditioning 

system in one of the floors of the new University Hall and Administration building 

Collaboration with the International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy (ICIEE), 

Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in the area of Personalised Ventilation systems 

Establishment of a joint NUS-DTU PhD Program in the area of indoor environment and 

energy 

Collaboration with Halton Ltd of Finland in the area of Displacement Ventilation systems 

Collaboration with Concordia University (Canada) in the area of UFAD research 

Collaboration with Penn State University (USA) in the area of UVGI research 

(Click here for more details) 

Strategic Research Achievements 

Unique initiatives in the tropical environment 

1) Development of a systematic and integrated methodology for IAQ-energy audits 

2) Establishment of baseline information of IAQ, ventilation and energy characteristics 

3) Development of energy efficient air-conditioning systems for enhanced ventilation and IAQ 

4) Incorporation of a NUS Spin-off company – Enhanced Air Quality Pte Ltd 

5) Evaluation of energy efficient personalized ventilation (PV) system for enhanced ventilation 

in the tropics – a pilot study 

Graduate Students 

Degree awarded 

In progress 

Masters PhD 

Supervisor/Co-supervisor 2 3 

TC Member 7 

Supervisor/Co-supervisor 

TC Member 

1 2 

Supervision of several students in the coursework Master of Science degree programmes and 

Bachelor of Science degree programmes for their dissertation projects and Research Study 

reports. 

(Click here for more details) 

ADMINISTRATION 

Program Director (MSc - Building Performance and Sustainability) {1 

August 2010 – To date} 

Co-Program Director (MSc – Integrated Sustainable Design) {1 August 

2010 – To date} 


Program Director (MSc - Building Science) {1 August 2007 – July 2010} 

Program Director (MSc - Building Science) {1999 – October 2004} 

Deputy Course Leader (MSc - Building Science) {1996 – 1998} 

Execution of general duties pertaining to the development and administration of the MSc (Building 

Science) course, one of the two taught graduate courses in the Department of Building. Besides 

day-to-day matters, other responsibilities include course review, course promotion, student 

recruitment, quality control and assurance and examination procedures. 

Director of External Relations {October 2004 – 31 July 2007} 

Management of department’s relationships with other local and international organisations. Covers 

all aspects of the activities of the department and its members of staff (ie teaching, research and 

service) 

Staff and student exchange, research collaboration 

Coordination of the public relations and publicity activities (including promotion of teaching and 

research programmes) 

Overseeing the administration of the Practical Training Scheme 

Overseeing the organisation of conferences and executive development programmes 

Deputy Director – Centre for Building Performance and Construction 

(CBPC) {1998 – 1999} 

Assist in the execution of general duties pertaining to the development and administration of the 

then CBPC (now known as the Centre for Total Building Performance). Specific duties include: 

Processing of higher degree applications by research (M.Sc and Ph.D.) 

Organising CPD courses and Research Forums 

Member of the Faculty Public Relations/Publicity/Publications Committee 

December 1991 - June 1992 : Research Assistant 

Department of Mechanical & Production Engineering, NUS 

Research Project : "Energy Analysis and Modelling of Buildings" under the Energy Project of the 

ASEAN-Australia Economic Cooperation Programme (AAECP). 

January 1990 - April 1991 : Post Doctoral Fellow 

April 1986 – January 1990 

Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide 

Adelaide, South Australia 

Experimental and computational research in air-conditioning and heat and mass transfer - 

fundamental study of heat and mass transfer, the condensation process and the fluid mechanics in 

cooling and dehumidifying coils. The main objective was the optimisation of coils and the 

development of a computerised optimisation software based on The University of Adelaide 

patented Low Face Velocity - High Coolant Velocity (LFV/HCV) method of air-conditioning 

that could be readily used by practising consulting engineers to design genuinely COST EFFECTIVE 

ENERGY EFFICIENT air-conditioning systems which satisfy human comfort requirements not only 

during peak loads as at present but over the entire operating range. 

(Ph.D. Thesis : "Life Cycle Design of Dehumidifiers in Air-Conditioning") 

December 1984 – March 1986 : Senior Engineer 

Eicher Tractors Limited, New Delhi, India 

Responsible for material procurement, research and development and industrial engineering and 

projects. 

Teaching - Undergraduate Modules 

Current 

PF1104 (formerly BU1481 & BE1101) – Environmental Science for Building 


(Gateway module during 2002/2003 – 2005/2006) 

PF3302 (formerly BU3491/BU3208/BU3212) – Building Energy Management 

PF4302 – Protective Buildings 

Dissertation (Honours Supervision) 

Past 

BU2109-Utility and Building Services 

BR2105-Building Services II 

BU3104-Building Engineering Systems 

Teaching - Graduate Modules 

Current 

BPS5103 – Green Building Integration and Evaluation Studio 

BPS 5201 – Thermal and Indoor Air Quality Performance 

BPS5204 – Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Buildings 

BS5003 – Total Building Performance - II 

BS5410 – Protective Building Technologies 

Dissertation Supervision 

Past 

BS5409 – HVAC Systems 

BS5407 (formerly BS5218) – Indoor Air Quality 

BS5002 – Total Building Performance – I 

BS5801 - Energy simulation and energy conservation in buildings 

BS5213 – Building Energy Analysis and Management 

BS5203B – Integrated IAQ and Energy Study (Special Topic) 

BS6001 – Advanced IAQ 

AR6102 – Architecture Studio 

BS5211 – Building Services Systems 

RE6102B – Services Management 

MBS14 – Maintenance Management 

Supervision of Higher Degrees by Research (Ph.D./M.Sc.) 

1) Ms Maria Papadopoulou – PhD (2011 – To date) – Co-Supervisor. “In Sensor Configuration 

for the Simulation of Cities and Neighbourhoods” 

2) Mr. Arash Soleimani Karimabad (Concordia University) – PhD (2011 – To date) – Co- 

Supervisor. “Impact of perimeter zone on the performance of under floor ventilation 

system” 

3) Mr. Clayton Miller – MSc (Building) (Graduated 2011) – Supervisor. “Energy Plus 

simulation of Single Coil Twin Fan Air conditioning System” 

4) Ms. Yang Junjing – PhD (2009 – To date) – Supervisor. “Building Environment and People” 

5) Mr Chen Yixing - MSc (Building) (Graduated 2011) – Co-Supervisor. “Thermal comfort 

and energy performance of personalised ventilation with individual control of personalised air 

movement in the tropics” 

6) Ms. Li Ruixin – Ph.D. – (Graduated 2011) – Supervisor. “Empirical and human response 

studies of personalized ventilation combined with under floor air distribution system” 

7) Mr. Mano Kalaiarasan – PhD (Graduated 2010) – TC Member. “Vertical distribution of 

traffic-generated PM2.5 and NO2 in a tropical urban environment” 

8) Mr. Sun Weimeng – PhD (Graduated 2010) – TC member. “Study of enhanced 

displacement ventilation in office environment in the tropics” 

9) Mr. Fadeyi Moshood Olawale – PhD (Graduated 2009) – TC Member. “Effects of filters, 

ventilation and recirculation rates on ozone initiated chemistry products in air-conditioned 

buildings in the tropics” 


10) Mr. Yang Bin – Ph.D. – (Graduated 2009) – Supervisor. “Thermal comfort and indoor air 

quality evaluation of a ceiling mounted personalized ventilation system integrated with an 

ambient mixing ventilation system” 

11) Mr. Yu Weijiang – Ph.D. – (Graduated 2006) – TC Member. “Evaluation of displacement 

ventilation system in the tropics” 

12) Mr. Henry Cahyadi – Ph.D. (Graduated 2006) – TC Member. “Perceived air quality health 

symptoms and productivity under exposure to IAQ and thermal parameters for different air 

distribution in tropical context” 

13) Mr. Gong Nan – Ph.D. – (Graduated 2006) – Co-Supervisor. “Personalised ventilation 

system for the tropics” 

14) Mr. Uma Maheswaran – Ph.D. – (Graduated 2006) – Supervisor. “Mathematical modeling 

and performance evaluation of comprehensive evaluation of compartmented coil for 

enhanced IAQ and energy efficiency” 

15) Mr. Kang Kok Hin (Part Time) – Ph.D. – (Graduated 2005) – TC Member. “Integrated 

Building and Estate Maintenance Management with Multiple Sites” 

16) Mr. Henry Feriadi – Ph.D. – (Graduated 2003) – TC Member. “Thermal comfort for 

naturally ventilated residential buildings in tropical climate” 

17) Mr. Zuraimi Bin Mohamed Sultan – M.Bldg Sc. (Graduated 2003) – Supervisor. “VOC 

emissions from buildings, occupants and their activities and ventilation systems” 

Supervision of Dissertations for Coursework - Master Programs 

1) Mr A.M.M.Adeeb (MEM Study Report), 2008. “A sustainable air-conditioning model for NUS” 

2) Mr. Chow Kwong Leong (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2004. “A comparative study of the 

traditional air conditioning system and the cogeneration district cooling system in Singapore” 

3) Mr. Mani Kiran Kumar (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2004. “Performance evaluation of a 

compartmented cooling coil using CFD techniques” 

4) Mr. Janakiraman Srinivasan (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2004. “Performance evaluation of 

cooling coils using Monte Carlo simulation” 

5) Mr. Thoriq Ibrahim (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2002. “Detailed indoor air quality study of an 

under floor air-conditioning system” 

6) Mr. Ng Eng Sin (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2002. “IAQ in basement car park – study of 

carbon monoxide levels in basement car park ventilation systems” 

7) Mr. Oh Chiaw Yan (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2002. “Study of thermal comfort in 

mechanically ventilated basement car park using computational fluid mechanics” 

8) Mr. Henry Cahyadi (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2001. “Indoor air quality and air flow study of 

office premise” 

9) Mr. Hew Teng Shan, Jonathan (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2001. “Performance evaluation of 

the effectiveness of a driveway mechanical ventilation system using jet fan propulsion in 

Singapore” 

10) Ms. Lee Cher Hwee (M.Sc. – Project Management), 2001. “An electronic procurement 

system” 

11) Mr. Pankaj Kumar (M.Sc. – Project Management), 2001. “User requirement study for M&E 

systems in Singapore office buildings” 

12) Mr. Lim Ann Hwee (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2001. “Indoor air quality and energy 

implications in the use of VRV system for office building” 

13) Mr. Phua Kia Juan (M.Sc. – Building Science), 2000. “Energy conservation and management 

of building services systems” 

14) Mr. Lau Seng Chong (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1999/2000. “A modeling study of variable 

air volume fan coil unit” 

15) Mr. Lee Teck Chin (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1999/2000. “Air distribution in large 

enclosures” 

16) Mr. Phua Boon Leng (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1999. “Effectiveness in use of existing office 

air-conditioning system with air purging system to replace indoor air to enhance IAQ” 

17) Mr. Henry Lim (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1999. “Evaluation of double-deck lift performance 

in a high-rise building” 

18) Mr. Tin Moe Kyaw (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1998. “Integrated indoor air quality and 

energy auditing in office buildings” 

19) Mr. Chian Chien Sheng (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1998. “Level of formalin and air quality in 

anatomy laboratories and hospitals” 

20) Mr. Liaquat Ally Akhand (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1998. “Selection criteria for central and 

individual air handling units for a tall air-conditioned building” 


21) Mr. Michio Fujiami (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1998. “Ideal future intelligent buildings” 

22) Mr. Chu Tzy Ren (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1998. “Variable air volume and constant air 

volume air-conditioning systems in Singapore” 

23) Ms. Cheng Yang (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1998. “Intelligent city within the city” 

24) Mr. Koh Boon Chiat, Kenny (M.Sc. – Building Science), 1997. “Variable refrigerant volume 

and chilled water system – A comparative evaluation for an office building : Part I and Part 

II” 

25) Mr. Sin Yew Tek (M.Sc – Property and Maintenance Management), 1996. “Integrated energy 

management programmes in commercial buildings” 

Supervision of Independent Study Module for Coursework - Master Programs 

1) Mr. Dusan Licina (2011-2012) : Energy and water conservation from air handling unit 

condensate in hot and humid climates (BPS5300 SPECIAL TOPICS IN BUILDING PERFORMANCE AND 

SUSTAINABILITY) 

2) Mr. Pudupadi Balachander Rajesh (2011-2012) : A Simulation Based Study using IES software 

on the Energy Performance of Chillers by varying ∆T over the Cooling Coil (BPS5300 SPECIAL 

TOPICS IN BUILDING PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY) 

Supervision of Dissertations for Coursework - B.Sc Program 

1. Goh Kok Hong, 2011-12. Study on the energy implications and performance of heat pipes in 

buildings 

2. Quah Chi Hsien Sylvester, 2011-12. Assessment of the indoor environmental quality of the 

seminar rooms in school of design and environment buildings 

3. Ronald Chin, 2011-12. Energy conservation strategies in an office building using VISUALDOE - a 

case study approach 

4. Zhu Weiqiang Kenny, 2011-12. Comparison of Leakage Characteristics in an Environment 

Chamber between Under-floor Air Distribution (UFAD) and Mixing Ventilation (MV) System 

5. Ong Thong Dee Joanne, 2011-12. Energy efficient retrofit in hotel 

6. Tan Jiong Hao Vickie, 2011-12. Study of Resort World Sentosa (RWS) in providing outdoor 

thermal comfort 

7. Chen Yiling, 2010-11. A study of the water management system in SINO-SINGAPORE Tianjin 

Eco City (SSTEC) 

8. Hong Xian Ye, 2010-11. Study of the application of the SCTF system on the various air 

distribution methods 

9. Thiam Woei Lin, 2010-11. A case study analysis of SCTF system in BCA Academy’s Zero 

Energy Building 

10. Setty Amarnath Nikkila, 2010-11. Cooling load analysis of an air-conditioned building in 

Singapore – Effects of location and orientation 

11. Tan Chiew Yee, 2010-11. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital – A continuous process for energy 

efficiency 

12. Pang Shu Mei, 2010-11. Conventional air distribution vs UFAD system – Energy and thermal 

performance analysis using IES software 

13. Ang Chee Mei, 2010-11. Comparative study of IAQ between PEAK and NON-PEAK occupancy 

period in a library building 

14. Goh Sioh Ee, 2009-10. Indoor air quality during sleep period in residential building. 

15. Ong Hui Lin, 2009-10. Evaluation of relative contributions of various passive and active design 

strategies of a building towards achieving enhanced performance under the Singapore Green 

Mark Scheme. 

16. Yeo Gek Noi, 2009-10. Indoor air quality of places of worship in Singapore. 

17. Yeo Wee Siang, 2009-10. A Study of Green Envelope of the Building in Hot and Humid Climate. 

18. Euwin Koh Jin Jing, 2009-10. Comparative study on IAQ between an air-conditioned food 

court and a naturally ventilated food centre in Singapore. 

19. Chiang Rui Peng, 2009-10. Environmental Sustainability in Public Housing. 

20. Wong Ka Chun Leonard, 2008-09. Air quality and thermal comfort for indoor bus interchanges 

21. Wei Suxian Mae, 2008-09. Human response studies of desk mounted personalized ventilation 

in conjunction with UFAD system 

22. Oh Hwee Chen, 2008-09. Energy efficiency evaluation of non-process related components of 

waste water treatment plant. 

23. Ang Mei Yeng Mavis, 2008-09. Implementation of energy efficient air-conditioning equipment. 

24. Nuraini binte Rahim, 2007-08. IAQ in air-conditioned gymnasium 


25. Liu Xingyi Clara, 2007-08. IAQ of smoking rooms in nightclubs. 

26. Doan Huynh Van Anh, 2007-08. Bridge construction in Vietnam. 

27. Tang Wen Ai, 2007-08. Singapore construction industry after the sand ban. 

28. Tan Liang Ti, 2007-08. Cooling coil performance optimization during operation stage. 

29. Khoo Pei Shan, 2007-08. Characterization of thermal and IAQ profiles of an UFAD system in 

hot and humid climate. 

30. Toh Yong Liang, 2006-07. Single coil twin fan and conventional VAV systems : IAQ and 

energy issues in a field study. 

31. Liu Saidi, 2006-07. Investigation of single coil twin fan system on IAQ and energy efficiency. 

32. Chong Ing Li Keterina, 2006-07. Study of energy implications of heat pipes heat exchanger on 

air conditioning system at NUS centre for animal resources. 

33. Jocelyn Chua Weiying, 2006-07. The concept and evaluation of Green buildings in the tropics. 

34. Ng Chee Wai, 2006-07. Numerical study of circular jet diffuser for task ventilation in tropics. 

35. Yeoh Cheng Yow, 2006-07. Thermal comfort and energy analysis of a high rise building in the 

tropics. 

36. Lenny Ong Wei Boon, 2006-07. Environmental impact of industry development in Singapore – 

Jurong island. 

37. Sng Shie Kiat, 2006-07. Security system and management of commercial buildings. 

38. Wong Onn Kwan, 2005-06. An investigation into IAQ in office buildings and how to manage it. 

39. Tay Chee Chuan, 2005-06. Comparison of performance of UFAD and ceiling supply system in 

a field environmental chamber. 

40. Er Chen Yu Eugene, 2005-06. An innovative fresh air supply method for decoupled ventilation 

strategy. 

41. Tang Kwok Seng, 2005-06. Domestic hot and cold water reticulation system in high rise hotel 

building. 

42. Ang Ping Ping, 2004-05. Performance prediction of the compartmented cooling coil using 

Monte Carlo simulation approach for the determination of fin efficiency 

43. Ang Yen-Peng, 2004-05. Evaluation outside air treatment system (OATS) in the tropics 

44. Eddy Susilo, 2004-05. Comparison of energy consumption in PV - DV system with PV - MV 

system under tropical climate 

45. Siau Li Juan, 2004-05. Performance optimization of the newly developed compartmentalized 

cooling coil 

46. Teo Kwok Lee, Julia, 2004-05. Subjective comparison between the SCTF system and the 

conventional system 

47. Teo Woan Tyng, 2004-05. Parametric variation study on performance of a compartmental 

cooling coil 

48. Chong Beng Tit, 2003-04. Design of a compartmented cooling coil for a large office building in 

the tropics 

49. Goh Tsu Hong, 2003-04. Single coil twin fan system: A cost-benefit analysis 

50. Goo Shanshan, 2003-04. Study of thermal sensation under fixed air flow of personalised 

ventilation - Case studies of tropically acclimatized subjects 

51. Heng Kok Wang, 2003-04. Evaluation of the personalized ventilation system in terms of energy 

consumption under specific conditions 

52. Indah Sari Setiawan, 2003-04. Commissioning of newly developed field environment chamber 

53. Leong Hiong Yin, 2002-03. Implementing performance based regulatory system and a study of 

its effect on building performance simulation tools 

54. Leow Hong Kiat, 2002-03. Impact of single coin twin fan on IAQ 

55. Lim How Koon, Victor, 2002-03. Energy efficiency analysis of the compartmented cooling coil 

in a single coil twin fan variable air volume system 

56. Lim Weng Keong, 2002-03. Ventilation characteristics of multi-split air-conditioning system 

assisted by an exhaust fan 

57. Tan Chung Wei, 2002-03. Validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the air 

terminal 1 device for PV pilot project 

58. Tang Kwok Seng, 2002-03. Domestic Hot and Cold Water Reticulation System in Large High 

Rise Hotel Building 

59. Ang Woon Sung, 2001-02. Fire Safety in Hospitals 

60. Chang Kar Wai, Benjamin, 2001-02. EUREKA - Heat Recovery System 

61. Heng Yeow Leng, Melvin, 2001-02. Considerations Relating to the Design of Clean Rooms 

62. Low Yin Lin, Jessie, 2001-02. Energy Conservation Through Under floor Air-conditioning 

System - A Case Study of MOE Building 

63. Boey Chwee Pheng, Claire, 2000-01. Correlation of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Energy 

Consumption in Buildings 


64. Kwok Soek Fong, Serene, 2000-01. Building Symptom Index (BSI) and Indoor Pollutant 

Standard Index (PSI) - A Micro Analysis 

65. Tee Koon Leng, 2000-01. Application of Natural Gas Cooling Technologies in Singapore 

Research Grants 

New projects (In Preparation) 

1. Consultancy Services for Development of Technology Roadmap for Building Energy Efficiency 

(Co-PI) [Proposal submitted to BCA in July 2012] 

2. IAQ in sleeping environments 

Ongoing projects (University funded) 

1. R-296-000-132-112 - NUS-PSU Collaborative Research Project (1 July 2011 – 30 June 2013) 

[$149,050] - Principal Investigator - Effectiveness of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation 

(UVGI) systems in Air Handling Units in enhancing IAQ and energy performance 

2. R-296-000-138-112 (April 2011- April 2013) [$45,446] - Principal Investigator – Integrated 

personalized ventilation and personalized exhaust system for enhanced IAQ and airborne 

infection control 

3. R-296-000-120-112 (July 2009- July 2011) [$58,603] - NUS-Concordia University 

Collaborative Research Project - Principal Investigator - Experimental investigation of 

cooling load dynamics and user acceptability evaluation of Under Floor Air Distribution (UFAD) 

systems in hot and humid climate 

4. R-296-000-077-112 (2003-2005) [$82,167] Collaborator - Draft perception and acceptance 

by tropically acclimatised subjects in transient and steady state situations. 

NMRC funded projects 

1. NMRC IRG08nov005 (June 2009 - June 2012) [$996,200] Co-investigator - Study of exhaled 

airflows and the transmission of airborne viruses for indoor aerosol infection control. 

Ongoing projects (External Funding Agency) 

1. MHA-NUS Research Project (2011-2013). Collaborator - Development of Multi-Functional 

Blast Resistant Water Façade System (Ministry of Home Affairs) 

2. SERC: 102-129-00-99 - A*STAR - TEKES JOINT RESEARCH PROJECT (15/1/2011 - 14/1/2014) 

[$304,390] Co-investigator - A quantitative study on airflow patterns across doorways: a risk 

for the failure of negative pressure isolation rooms for aerosol infection control in healthcare 

facilities {A*STAR Funding} 

3. R-296-000-122-490 NUS-BCA Research project (2008-2011) [$744,550] Collaborator - Zero 

Energy Sources and Efficiency Design Towards a Zero Energy Building at BCA Academy {MND 

Research Fund} 

4. R-296-000-123-490 NUS-BCA Research project (2008-2011) [$783,740] Collaborator - Zero 

Energy Building at BCA's Academy (ZEB@BCA) {MND Research Fund} 

5. R-296-000-093-490 (2005-2008) [$507,000] Collaborator - Development of Building Energy 

Efficiency Labelling System {Funding : National Environment Agency, Singapore} 

Completed projects (External Funding Agency) 

1. R-296-000-063/592/490 (2002-2004) [$360,500] Collaborator - Evaluation of displacement 

ventilation system in the tropics {Building and Construction Authority (BCA), Singapore 

& Halton, Finland} 

2. TEC (The Enterprise Challenge) Project (2004-2005) [$140,000] – Proposer - An energy 

efficient air conditioning system for zonal ventilation control for improved indoor air quality 

{Funding : TEC unit, Public Service Division, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore} 

Completed Projects (University funded) 

1. R-296-000-102-112 (Jan 2007-June 2010) [$88,724] Collaborator. Integrated Control of 

Indoor Environmental Quality 

2. R-296-000-101-112 (Mar 2007- June 2010) [$179,658] - Principal Investigator - Evaluation 

of performance characteristics of newly developed ceiling mounted personalized and mixing 

ventilation systems 

3. R-296-000-107-112 (2007-2009) [$58,436] – Collaborator – Evaluation of performance of 

the newly developed enhanced displacement ventilation system in office environment in the 

tropics 


4. R-296-000-067-112 (2002-2006) [$87,340] Collaborator - Productivity and Indoor 

Environmental Quality 

5. R-296-000-076-112 (2004-2006) [$77,320] - Principal Investigator - Optimisation of the 

compartmented coil performance of a newly developed air-conditioning system 

6. R-296-000-060-112 (20022003) [$88,800] Principal Investigator - Development of an 

energy efficient air-conditioning system with zonal ventilation control for improved indoor air 

quality 

7. R-296-000-043-112 (2001-2002) [$85,986] Principal Investigator - Evaluation of energy 

efficient personalised air units for enhanced ventilation in the tropics, Final Report, National 

University of Singapore 2003 

8. RP3992106 (2000-2002) [$39,100] Collaborator - A study of Natural Ventilation 

Characteristics of Public Housing in Singapore, Final Report, National University of Singapore 

2002 

9. RP296-000-024-112 [$176,800] - Principal Investigator - Detailed characterisation of 

Indoor VOCs in commercial buildings in Singapore, Final Report, National University of 

Singapore 2001 

10. RP950049 [$168,000] - Principal Investigator - Integrated IAQ and Energy Audits and 

Targets of Commercial Buildings in Singapore Final report, National University of Singapore, 

1998 

11. RP930022 [$32,000] - Principal Investigator - Ventilation Studies in Air-conditioned Office 

Buildings in Singapore, Final report, National University of Singapore, 1996 

12. RP972051 [$177,300] Collaborator - An integrated building assessment method using the 

total building performance approach, Final report, National University of Singapore, 2001 

13. RP982100 [$177,389] Collaborator - Investigation into the establishment of intelligent 

building laboratory for sustainable built environment, Final report, National University of 

Singapore, 2001 

14. RP972054 [$205,220] Collaborator - Modelling of the air quality and ventilation in indoor 

environment, Final report, National University of Singapore, 2001 

15. RP920045 [$159,880] - Collaborator - Indoor Air Quality Investigation of Commercial Office 

Buildings in Singapore Final report, National University of Singapore, 1997 

Outreach 

Media publicity pertaining to IAQ research include 

1) Delivering an energy efficient air-conditioning system, Research Gallery, NUS, 1 November 

2011 

2) ASHRAE Distinguished Service Award - Featured in the ASHRAE Insights (The Newspaper of 

the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, Inc), June 

2010, Volume 25, Number 3 

3) Single Coil Twin Fan (SCTF) air-conditioning and air distribution system and Personalised 

Ventilation system featured in the local media – Part of the Saturday Feature – Can we save 

the earth? By Rachel Chang. (Discussed in the article “Picking the fruits of conservation”) 

(The Straits Times, 5 December 2009) 

4) Single Coil Twin Fan (SCTF) air-conditioning and air distribution system and Personalised 

Ventilation system featured in the local media in the context of its application in the new 

Zero Energy Building to be constructed in Singapore (Today, 8 November 2007; The 

Straits Times, 8 November 2007) 

5) Appointment of ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer - Featured in the ASHRAE Insights (The 

Newspaper of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, 

Inc), May 2006, Volume 21, Number 5 

6) Featured in the INOVATION – THE MAGAZINE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol.5, No.2, 

2005, National University of Singapore (World Scientific Publishing) [Cooling and ventilation 

on demand] 

7) Featured on 24 th November; 8 th , 11 th and 12 th December 2003 in The Straits Times in 

connection with Healthy Buildings – 7 th International Conference, organized by the 

Department of Building, NUS (7-11 December 2003) 

8) Featured on Eco-Watch programme of RSI Radio Singapore International, MEDIACORP Radio, 

Singapore (March 2003) 

9) Featured on the SDE Research Highlights, an NUS publication 

10) Two articles (based on completed research projects) featured in SYNECTICS newsletter of 

the 


Centre for Total Building Performance (CTBP) – a joint BCA-NUS Centre for Tropical Building 

Research [BCA : Building and Construction Authority] (June 2002 & November 2003) 

11) Featured in Supercomputing Visualisation Unit (SVU) Link (User Column) (May 2002), an 

NUS publication 

12) Featured in SDE Newsletter (April 2002), an NUS publication 

13) Featured in Knowledge Enterprise (January 2002), an NUS publication 

14) Featured in The ALUMNUS (April 2000), an NUS publication 

15) Front page Headlines in Straits Times (January 2000), local newspaper 

16) Coverage in Business Times, Chinese and Tamil newspapers (January 2000) 

17) Radio broadcasts (January – February 2000) 

18) Special Assignment by Channel News Asia - telecast in April 2000 

19) Campus News (March 1997; May 1997, 2000), an NUS publication 

20) The Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand (Newsletter No. 5, October 1996) carries 

a feature of our work 

21) Featured in The Straits Times (29 September 1995), local newspaper 

Consultancy Services 

Consultant to several organisations in the building and construction industry in Singapore in the 

areas of Ventilation, IAQ, Energy and Total Building Performance. Major clients include the 

following: 

Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 

1) Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) 

2) Ministry of Home Affairs – Home Team Academy, Singapore 

3) Singapore Airlines (SIA Properties Pte Ltd) 

4) National Library Board 

5) The Monetary Authority of Singapore 

6) Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore 

7) Institute of South East Asian Studies 

8) INDECO Engineers Pte Ltd 

9) ESMACO Pte Ltd 

10) COFRETH Technology Singapore Pte Ltd 

11) Altena Cleaning Singapore Pte Ltd 

Energy and Total Building Performance 

1) Alexandra Hospital (including Ventilation and IAQ) 

2) Singapore Cricket Club 

3) National Library Board 

4) Jurong Town Corporation 

5) Urban Redevelopment Authority 

Courses/Seminars 

1) Johnson Controls Pte Ltd – Seminar on Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems 

Publications : Journal Articles – International Refereed 

1. Sekhar, S C, P C F Chan and K W Tham, Technical and legal issues of indoor air quality - The 

Singapore context. International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, 19, no. 4 

(September 1995):301-314. (Special on Singapore IAHS Congress). (United States). 

2. Sekhar, S C, Higher space temperatures and better thermal comfort - A tropical analysis. 

Energy and Buildings, 23, no. 1 (1995): 63-70. (Switzerland). 

3. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and S E Lee, Air exchange efficiency of a ventilation system - A case 

study. INDOOR & BUILT ENVIRONMENT – The Journal of the International Society of the 


Built Environment, 5, no.2 (1996): 99-105. (Paper originally presented at the 'INDOOR AIR 

QUALITY IN ASIA' - Int'l Conf in Beijing, China in Oct 94 and included in its proceedings. 

Subsequently, selected (as one of several conference papers) for inclusion in the INDOOR & 

BUILT ENVIRONMENT Journal.). 

4. Sekhar, S C, A critical evaluation of variable air volume system in hot and humid climates. 

Energy and Buildings, 26 (1997): 223-232. (Switzerland). 

5. Sekhar, S C and C. T. Lim, On the study of energy performance and life cycle cost of smart 

window. Energy and Buildings, 28 (29 April 1998): 307-316. (Switzerland). 

6. Sekhar, S C and J Y Chung, Energy simulation approach to air-conditioning system 

evaluation. Building and Environment, 33, no. 6 (1998): 397-408. (United Kingdom). 

7. Roulet, C. -A., S C Sekhar, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Ventilation, indoor environment 

quality and climate - comparison of European and Singapore office buildings. International 

Journal of Ambient Energy, 23, 2 (April 2002): 108-112. (United Kingdom). (The IAQ audit 

in Singapore was performed with the support of a research grant from the National 

University of Singapore (RP95049)). 

8. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Ventilation characteristics of an air-conditioned 

office building in Singapore. Building and Environment, 37 (2002): 241-255. (United 

Kingdom). 

9. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Indoor air quality comparison of two airconditioned 

zones served by the same air-handling unit. Building and Environment, 37/10 

(2002): 947-960. 

10. Cheong, K W, D ERY, Y. L. Chua, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, N H Wong and M B Ullah, Thermal 

comfort study of a lecture theatre environment: A case study approach. Building and 

Environment, 38 (2002): 63-73. (United Kingdom). 

11. Sekhar, S C and C. S. Ching, Indoor air quality and thermal comfort studies of an under-floor 

air-conditioning system. Energy and Buildings, 34, 5 (2002): 431-444. 

12. Cheong, K W, E Djunaedy, T K Poh, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, N H Wong and M B Ullah, 

Measurements and computations of contaminant's distribution in office environment. 

Building and Environment, 38 (2002): 135-145. (United Kingdom). 

13. Wong, N H, H Feraidi, K W Tham, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Thermal comfort evaluation 

of naturally ventilated public housing in Singapore. Building and Environment, 37, 12 (2002): 

1267-1277. 

14. Wong, N H, H Feriadi, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and K.Y O, The impact of multistorey 

car parks on wind pressure distribution and air change rates of surrounding high rise 

residential buildings in Singapore. International Journal on Architectural Science, 3, 1 (2002): 

30-42. (Hong Kong). 

15. Feraidi, H, N H Wong, K W Cheong and S C Sekhar, Adaptive behaviour and thermal comfort 

in Singapore's naturally ventilated housing. Building Research and Information, 30, 6 (2002): 

1-11. (United Kingdom). 

16. Zuraimi, MS, K W Tham and S C Sekhar, The Effects of Ventilation operations in Determining 

Contributions of VOC's Sources in Air-Conditioned Tropical Buildings. Building and 

Environment, 38/1 (2003): 23-32. (United Kingdom). 

17. Sekhar, S C and K.J. Phua, Integrated retrofitting strategy for enhanced energy efficiency in 

a tropical building. ASHRAE Transactions, 1, 109 (2003): 202-214. (United States). 

18. Sekhar, S C and A.H. Lim, Indoor air quality and energy issues of refrigerant modulating airconditioning 

systems in the tropics. Building and Environment, 38/6 (2003): 815-825. 

(United Kingdom). 


19. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Indoor air quality and energy performance of airconditioned 

office buildings in Singapore. Indoor Air - International Journal of Indoor Air 

Quality and Climate. Vol 13, Issue 4, pp 315-331. (Denmark) (2003) 

20. Sekhar, S C and H.C. Willem, Impact of airflow profile on Indoor Air Quality - A Tropical 

Study (Abstract). Building and Environment, Vol 39, Issue 3, pp 255-266 (2003) 

21. Sekhar, S C, K W Cheong, K W Tham and BL Phua, Effectiveness of purging in an airconditioned 

office building in Singapore. The International Journal of Ventilation, Volume 2, 3 

(December 2003): 237-250. (United Kingdom). 

22. Zuraimi Bin Mohamed Sultan, K W Tham and S C Sekhar, A Study on the Identification and 

Quantification of Sources of VOCs in 5 Air-Conditioned Singapore Office Buildings (Abstract). 

Building and Environment, Vol. 39, Issue 2 (February 2004): 165-177. (United Kingdom). 

23. Sekhar, S C, Enhancement of ventilation performance of a residential split-system airconditioning 

unit. Energy and Buildings (2004), Vol 36/3 pp 273-279, (Ireland). 

24. Tham, K W, MS Zuraimi and S C Sekhar, Emission Modeling and validation of Volatile 

Organic Compounds (VOCs) Source Strengths of Air-Conditioned Office Premises in the 

Tropics. Environment International, 30, pp 1075-1088. (2004) (United Kingdom). 

25. Sekhar, S C, Space temperature difference, cooling coil and fan - Energy and indoor air 

quality issues revisited. Energy and Buildings (2004), Vol 37/1 pp 49-54. (Ireland). 

26. Sekhar, S C, Uma Maheswaran, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Development of energy efficient 

single coil twin fan air-conditioning system with zonal ventilation control. ASHRAE 

Transactions (2004), Volume 110, Part 2, pp 204-217. 

27. Sekhar, S C, N Gong, K W Tham, K W Cheong, A.K. Melikov, D.P. Wyon and P.O. Fanger, 

"Findings of personalised ventilation studies in a hot and humid climate". International 

Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-conditioning and Refrigerating Research (HVAC&R 

Research), Vol 11, no. 4 (October 2005 2005): 603-620. (United States). 

28. Cheyyar, R U M and S C Sekhar, "Evaluation of concepts of fin efficiency using Monte Carlo 

Simulation method". International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer , 49, no. 9-10 

(2006):1643-1646. (United Kingdom). 

29. Roulet, Claude-Alain, Zuraimi Mohd Sultan, S C Sekhar and K W Tham, "Tracer Gas 

Measurement of Airflow Rates in Rooms with Several Air-Handling Units and Large 

Recirculation Rates". International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-conditioning and 

Refrigerating Research (HVAC&R Research), 12, no. 3 (2006): 477-496. (United States). 

30. Zuraimi, MS, C-A Roulet, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong, N H Wong and H K Lee, "A 

Comparative Study of VOCs in Singapore and European Office Buildings". Building and 

Environment, Volume 41, Issue 3, March 2006, Pages 316-329 (United Kingdom). 

31. Cheyyar, R U M, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and K W Cheong, "Single coil twin fan airconditioning 

and air distribution system - Towards the development of a mathematical model 

of the compartmented coil". HVAC&R RESEARCH - International Journal of Heating, 

Ventilating, Air-conditioning and Refrigerating Research, 12, no. 3c, pp 825-842 (Special 

Issue) (October 2006). (United States). 

32. Gong, N, K W Tham, AK Melikov, DP Wyon, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, "The acceptable air 

velocity range for local air movement in the Tropics". HVAC&R Research, International 

Journal of Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Vol 12, No. 4, pp 

1065-1076, (October 2006). (United States). 

33. Cheong, K W, W. J. Yu, K W Tham, S C Sekhar and R. Kosonen, "A Study of Perceived Air 

Quality and Sick Building Syndrome in a Field Environment Chamber Served by Displacement 

Ventilation in the Tropics". Building and Environment, Volume 41, Issue 11, November 2006, 

Pages 1530-1539 (United Kingdom). 


34. Cheong, K W, W. J. Yu, R. Kosonen, K W Tham and S C Sekhar, "Assessment of Thermal 

Environment Using a Thermal Manikin in a Field Environmental Chamber served by 

Displacement Ventilation System". Building and Environment, Volume 41, Issue 12, 

December 2006, Pages 1661-1670, (United Kingdom). 

35. Cheong, K W, W.J. YU, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and R. KOSONEN, "Local thermal sensation 

and comfort study in a field environment chamber served by displacement ventilation system 

in the tropics". Building and Environment, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp 525-533. (Feb 2007). (United 

Kingdom). 

36. Yu, W.J., K W Cheong, K W Tham, S C Sekhar and R. Kosonen, "Thermal effect of 

temperature gradient in a field environment chamber served by displacement ventilation 

system in the tropics". Building and Environment, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 516-524, (Jan 2007). 

(United Kingdom). 

37. Yang, B and S C Sekhar, "Three dimensional numerical simulations of a hybrid fresh air and 

recirculated air diffuser for decoupled ventilation strategy". Building and Environment, 

(2007), Vol.42, Issue 5, pp 1975-1982. (United Kingdom). 

38. Yu, W.J., K W Cheong, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and R. Kosonen, "Local discomfort caused by 

draft perception in a space served by displacement ventilation system in the tropics". 

INDOOR & BUILT ENVIRONMENT - The Journal of the International Society of the Built 

Environment, (2006), 15, no.3, pp 225-233. (United States). 

39. Sekhar, S.C., “A Review of ventilation and air-conditioning technologies for energy efficient 

healthy buildings in the tropics”. ASHRAE Transactions, 2007, Vol. 113, Part 1, pp.426-434. 

40. Cheyyar, R U M and S C Sekhar, "Performance evaluation of a compartmented cooling coil 

using the Monte Carlo Simulation approach". Journal of Heat Transfer - Transactions of the 

ASME, (2007), Vol. 129, pp. 1286-1290 (United States). 

41. Yang, B. and S.C.Sekhar, “Numerical algorithm studies of CFD modeling for a 

compartmented cooling coil under dehumidifying conditions”. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part 

A : Applications. (2007), Volume 52, Issue 8, pages 737 – 755. 

42. Yang, Bin and S C Sekhar, "The influence of evenly distributed ceiling mounted personalised 

ventilation devices on indoor environment". The International Journal of Ventilation, (2008), 

Volume 7, Number 2, pp 99-112. (United Kingdom). 

43. Sekhar, S C and L T TAN, "Optimization of cooling coil performance during operation stages 

for improved humidity control". Energy and Buildings, 41, no. 2 (2009): 229-233. 

(Switzerland). 

44. YANG, B, Arsen Melikov and S C Sekhar, "Performance evaluation of ceiling mounted 

personalized ventilation system". ASHRAE Transactions 2009, Vol. 115, Part 2, pp 395-406. 

(United States). 

45. Schiavon, Stefano, Arsen Melikov and S C Sekhar, "Energy analysis of the personalized 

ventilation system in hot and humid climates". Energy and Buildings, Vol 42 (2010): 699- 

707. (Switzerland). 

46. Yang, B, S.C.Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, “Ceiling mounted personalized ventilation system 

integrated with a secondary air distribution system – A human response study in hot and 

humid climate”. Indoor Air – International Journal of Indoor Environment and Health (2010). 

Volume 20, no. 4 (2010): 309-319. (Denmark). 

47. Li Ruixin, S.C.Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, “Thermal comfort and IAQ assessment of underfloor 

air distribution system integrated with personalized ventilation in hot and humid 

climate”. Building and Environment journal, Vol 45 (2010): 1906-1913. (United Kingdom). 

48. YANG, B, S C Sekhar and Melikov Arsen, "Ceiling mounted personalized ventilation system in 

hot and humid climate–An energy analysis". Energy and Buildings, (2010). 42 (2010): 2304- 

2308 (Switzerland). 


49. Sekhar, S C and Sioh Ee Goh, "Thermal Comfort and IAQ Characteristics of 

Naturally/Mechanically Ventilated and Air-conditioned Bedrooms in a Hot and Humid Climate". 

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, (2011). (United Kingdom) 46, no. 10 (2011): 1905-1916. 

50. Julian Wei-Tze Tang; Andre DG Nicolle; Jovan Pantelic; MingXiu Jiang; Chandra Sekhar; 

David Kok Wai Cheong; Kwok Wai Tham, 2011. Qualitative Real-Time Schlieren and 

Shadowgraph Imaging of Human Exhaled Airflows: an Aid to Aerosol Infection Control. PLoS 

One (Public Library of Science). 

51. Li Ruixin, S C Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, "Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality in rooms 

with Integrated Personalized Ventilation and Under-Floor Air Distribution Systems". HVAC&R 

Research, Volume 17, Number 5, pp 829-846 (2011). (ASHRAE, United States). 

52. Dusan Licina and S.C.Sekhar, “Energy and water conservation from air handling unit 

condensate in hot and humid climates”. Energy and Buildings 45 (2012): 257-263. 

Accepted For Publication 

53. Yixing Chen, Benny Raphael and S.C.Sekhar, “Individual control of a personalized ventilation 

system integrated with an ambient mixing ventilation system”. HVAC&R Research (2011) 

(ASHRAE). 

Submitted For Publication 

Publications : Journal Articles – Non-Refereed 

54. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and P C F Chan, Technical and legal issues of indoor air quality in 

Singapore. Focus on Property and Construction in Singapore (November 1995): 79-91. 

(Singapore). (Substantially published earlier in a) International Journal for Housing Science 

and its Applications b) Proceedings of XXIII IAHS World Housing Congress on Excellence in 

Housing: Proposals & Challenges in the Pacific Century, S'pore). 

Publications : Chapter in a Book 

1. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and B M S ZURAIMI, "Effects of ventilation on VOCs in indoor air". In 

“Indoor Environment : Organic Pollutants”, 2nd ed., ed. Salthammer T and Udhe E. Wiley- 

VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2007. 

Publications : Book Review 

1. Lew Harriman, Joseph W. Lstiburek, Raymond Patenaude, Suei Keong Chea, Larry Elkin, 

Douglas Kosar, John Murphy, William Rose, Lynn Werman, Ronald Bailey, Carl Lawson, Sean 

O'Brien, Chee Sheng Ow, S C Sekhar and Stephen Turner. Review of "The ASHRAE Guide for 

Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates - Second Edition", Second ed. The ASHRAE Guide for 

Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates, (2009). Atlanta: ASHRAE. 

2. Lew Harriman, Raymond Patenaude, Suei Keong Chea, Larry Elkin, Douglas Kosar, John 

Murphy, William Rose, Lynn Werman, Ronald Bailey, Carl Lawson, Sean O-Brien, Chee Sheng 

Ow, S C Sekhar and Stephen Turner. Review of "The ASHRAE Guide for Buildings in Hot and 

Humid Climates - Section 1 - Common Issues". The ASHRAE Guide for Buildings in Hot and 

Humid Climates - Section 1 - Common Issues, (2008). Atlanta: ASHRAE. 

Publications : Editorial Work on Books 

1. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong, B K P Yuen and S E Lee, eds, Buildings and the 

Environment in Asia. 1 vols. Singapore: School of Building and Real Estate, February 1998. 

178 pp. 


2. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, eds, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7th 

International Conference, 3 vols. Singapore: Healthy Buildings 2003, December 2003. 2500 

pp. (Proceedings of HB2003 held in Singapore : 7-11 December 2003). 

Publications : Editorial Work on Journal 

1. Sekhar, S C, eds., HVAC&R Research. 15, no. 6 (Journal (Regular)), (United States), 2009. 

(EDITORIAL TITLE : IAQ and Sustainability – A Balancing Act). 

2. Chandra Sekhar & Bjarne Olesen (2012): ASHRAE IAQ 2010: Airborne Infection Control— 

Ventilation, IAQ & Energy, HVAC&R Research, 18:4, 549-551. 

Publications : Conference Papers 

1. Sekhar, S C, A Shaw and R E Luxton, A unique testing facility for the investigation of heat 

and mass transfer coefficients. In Indian Chemical Engineering Congress (40th Annual 

Session), 19-22 December 1987, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Sindri, India, 

December 1987. 

2. Sekhar, S C, R E Luxton and A Shaw, Some problems in the rating of cooling coils - ARI 

standard 410 revisited. In International Congress of Commissioners of International Institute 

of Refrigeration, 5-9 September 1988, Brisbane, Australia, 1988. 

3. Luxton, R E, A Shaw and S C Sekhar, Specification and achievement of part load conditions 

for air- conditioning systems with minimum energy penalty. In Air-conditioning Components 

and Systems, 27 August - 1 September 1989, Olympic Centre, Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, 3, The 

Second World Congress on Heating, Ventilating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning - CLIMA 

2000, edited by Emin Kulc, Branislav Todorovic, Peter Novak, pp. 333-338. Belgrade: 

Yugoslav Committee of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning (YUKO-KGH), 27 August 

1989. 

4. Sekhar, S C, R E Luxton and A Shaw, Design methodology for cost-effective air conditioning 

in humid climates. In Far East Conference on Air Conditioning in Hot Climates, 25-28 October 

1989, Shangri-La Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, edited by ASHRAE, pp. 57-65. Atlanta: 

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, October 1989. 

5. Sekhar, S C, A Shaw, R E Luxton, E D Browne and S De Ieso, Control system upgrade for 

the closed cycle thermal environment wind tunnel/coil test facility. In AIRAH 1991 Annual 

Conference and Exhibition, April 1991, Melbourne, Australia. Australia: Australian Institute 

for Refrigeration, Air conditioning and Heating, April 1991. 

6. Sekhar, S C, A Shaw and R E Luxton, A computer-based analytical method of data reduction 

for wetted-surface dehumidifier. In 4 th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in 

Heat and Mass Transfer, 14-18 July 1991, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 

Sydney, July 1991. 

7. Tham, K W and S C Sekhar, Indoor air quality investigations in Singapore. In The Built 

Environment: CFC Update and Indoor Air Quality, 2-3 November 1993, Orchard Hotel, 

Singapore, pp. 47-63. Singapore: Singapore Association of ASHRAE Members, November 

1993. 

8. Tham, K W and S C Sekhar, Indoor air quality in Singapore - issues and response. In ISI- 

UTM International Convention - Towards Better Buildings in The Tropics, 24-26 January 1994, 

Hotel Istana, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 06.01-1-06.01-15. Kuala Lumpur, January 1994. 

9. Sekhar, S C, Energy efficient cooling and dehumidification – getting the fundamentals right. 

In Asia Energy Efficiency '94 Conference, Track C, Asia Energy Efficiency '94 Conference 

Track C: Energy Efficient Technologies for Buildings, edited by Goh Tiak Theng, Dr Ralph D 

Wahnschafft, Terry Kraft-Oliver, Dr Yung C Liang, A Amar and Abdul Rashid Ibrahim, pp. 

Track 1-Track 14. Singapore: Reed Exhibition Companies, 22 September 1994. (Paper 

presented at "Asia - Energy Efficiency", Conference on Cost Effective Methods, Innovative 


Technology and Business Opportunities, 22-23 September 1994, Singapore World Trade 

Centre, Singapore). 

10. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and S E Lee, The air exchange efficiency of a ventilation system - A 

case study. In Indoor Air Quality in Asia - Proceedings of the International Conference, 18-20 

October 1994, Beijing Convention Centre, Beijing, China, edited by GB Leslie, KJ Leslie, 

Jinxiang Huang and Yuhui Qin, pp. 401-406. Rothenfluh: Indoor Air International, October 

1994. 

11. Tham, K W and S C Sekhar, A study of airborne particulate and bioaerosol pollution of 

commercial offices in Singapore. 18 October 1994. (Paper presented at 2nd International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality in Asia, 18-20 October 1994, Beijing, China). 

12. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, M A Haque and S E Lee, An assessment of ventilation in airconditioned 

buildings in Singapore. Vol. 1, Proceedings of The Clean Air Society of Australia 

and New Zealand Inc. 12th International Conference & 6th Regional Conference of the 

International Union of Air Pollution Prevention & Environmental Protection Association 

(IUAPPA), pp. 633-646. Perth: Promaco Conventions Pty Ltd, 23 October 1994. (Paper 

presented at `Clean Air '94, 23-28 October 1994, Burswood Convention Centre, Perth, 

Australia). 

13. Sekhar, S C and K W Tham, Performance appraisal of a ventilation system - a comparison of 

two methods. In Indoor Air - An Integrated Approach, edited by Elsevier Science Ltd, pp. 

309-312. Oxford, England: Pergamon (Elsevier Science Ltd), February 1995. (Paper 

presented at International Workshop Indoor Air - An Integrated Approach, 27 November - 1 

December 1994, ANA Hotel, Gold Coast, Australia). 

14. Tan, F, K W Tham and S C Sekhar, A study of airborne pollutants in the indoor air quality of 

commercial buildings in Singapore. pp. 75-78, 1994. (Paper presented at International 

Workshop: Indoor Air – An Integrated Approach, 27 November - 1 December 1994, Gold 

Coast, Australia). 

15. Sekhar, S C and K W Tham, On the ventilation parameters of an air-conditioned office 

building. In Conference Proceedings – Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy 

Conservation in Buildings, edited by Fariborz Haghighat, pp. 289-297. Montreal: Centre for 

Building Studies, Concordia University, Montreal, May 1995. (Paper presented at Indoor Air 

Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings, May 1995, Le Centre Sheraton, 

Montreal, Canada). 

16. Sekhar, S C, A comparison of ventilation performance of three air-conditioned buildings 

using tracer gas analysis. In Asia-Pacific Conference on the Built Environment - Trends and 

Challenges, 1-3 June 1995, Raffles City Convention Centre, Singapore, edited by NE 

Wijeysundera, pp. 294-307. Singapore: Singapore Association of ASHRAE Members, AHSRAE 

Malaysian Chapter and ENV, Singapore, June 1995. 

17. Tham, K W and S C Sekhar, Retrofit options for energy and indoor air quality performance. 

In Asia-Pacific Conference on the Built Environment - Trends and Challenges, pp. 116-125. 

Singapore: Singapore Association of ASHRAE Members, ASHRAE Malaysian Chapter and ENV, 

Singapore, 1995. (Paper presented at ASHRAE Asia-Pacific Conference on the Built 

Environment - Trends and Challenges, 1-3 June 1995, Singapore). 

18. Sekhar, S C, P C F Chan and K W Tham, Technical and legal issues of indoor air quality - The 

Singapore context. In XXIII IAHS World Housing Congress Excellence in Housing: Prospects 

and Challenges in the 'Pacific' Century, 25-29 September 1995, Suntec City, Singapore, Vol. 

2. Singapore, September 1995. (This paper was originally published in the 'Special' Issue of 

the 'INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR HOUSING SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS' in 

September 95). 

19. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and F Tan, Environmental aspects of worker perception in the 

modern offices. In Vol. 2, edited by Tham K W & Ho D, Excellence in Housing: Prospects & 

Challenges in the 'Pacific' Century; Proc. 23rd IAHS World Housing Congress, edited by Tham 

K W & Ho D. Singapore, 25 September 1995. 


20. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Tracer gas studies in multi-zone buildings. Vol. 3, 

Indoor Air '96 - Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and 

Climate, edited by S Yoshizawa, K Kimura, K Ikeda, S Tanabe and T Iwata, pp. 1013-1018. 

Tokyo: Organising Committee, Indoor Air '96, July 1996. (Paper presented at Indoor Air '96, 

21-26 July 1996, Nagoya Congress Centre, Nagoya, Japan). 

21. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Integrated indoor air quality investigation of office 

buildings. Vol. 3, Indoor Air '96 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Indoor 

Air Quality and Climate, edited by S Yoshizawa, K Kimura, K Ikeda, S Tanabe, T Iwata, pp. 

1027-1032. Tokyo, July 1996. (Paper presented at Indoor Air '96, 21-26 July 1996, Nagoya 

Congress Center, Nagoya, Japan). 

22. Tham, K W, K W Cheong, S C Sekhar and S C Foo, Zonal IAQ characterisation of office 

premises sharing the same air-conditioning system. vol. 2, ASHRAE Annual IAQ Conference 

& ISIAQ 5 th International Conference on Healthy Buildings, edited by J E Woods, D T 

Grimsrud & N Boschi, pp. 71-76. Washington DC: Healthy Buildings/IAQ '97, September 

1997. (Paper presented at Healthy Buildings/IAQ '97, 27 September- 2 October 1997, 

Natcher Conference Centre, Washington DC, United States). 

23. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and S C Foo, Field measurements of air-exchange 

effectiveness in air-conditioned office buildings. vol. 2, ASHRAE Annual IAQ Conference & 

ISIAQ 5th International Conference on Healthy Buildings, edited by J E Woods, D T Grimsrud 

& N Boschi, pp. 65-70. Washington DC: Healthy Buildings/IAQ '97, September 1997. (Paper 

presented at Healthy Buildings/IAQ '97, 27 September- 2 October 1997, Natcher Conference 

Centre, Washington DC, United States). 

24. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Indoor air quality investigation in Singapore. In 

Buildings and the Environment in Asia, 11-13 February 1998, Conrad International Hotel, 

Singapore, edited by K W Tham, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong, B Yuen and S E Lee, pp. 66-70. 

Singapore: School of Building & Real Estate, National University of Singapore, February 1998. 

25. ERY, D, K W Cheong, S C Sekhar and K W Tham, Numerical modelling of air supply diffusers 

for room air distribution. In Conference proceedings on applications of high performance 

computing, pp. 50-59. Singapore: NUS, 18 May 1999. (Paper presented at Conference 

proceedings on applications of high performance computing, 18 May 1999, NUS, Singapore, 

Singapore). 

26. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Modeling indoor air quality perception of airconditioned 

offices in Singapore using an augmented neural network algorithm. pp. 792-797, 

1999. (Paper presented at Indoor Air 99' The 8th International Conference on Indoor Air 

Quality and Climate, 8-13 August 1999, Edinburgh, United Kingdom). 

27. Cheong, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and D ERY, Airflow pattern in air-conditioned seminar 

room. 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality & Climate, pp. 54-59. United 

Kingdom, 1999. (Paper presented at 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality & 

Climate, 8-13 August 1999, Edinburgh, United Kingdom). 

28. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong, M K Tin and M Susthra, The development of an indoor 

pollutant standard index. 8-13 August 1999, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Vol.2, edited by 

Gart Ran, Claire Aizlewood, Peter Warren, Proceedings of Indoor Air 99: The 8 th International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, pp. 272-277. London: Construction Research 

Communications Ltd, August 1999. (Paper presented at Indoor Air 99, Edinburgh during 8- 

13 August 1999). 

29. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Ventilation studies in nine airconditioned 

office buildings in Singapore. In Proceedings of Roomvent 2000 Vol 2, 9-12 July 

2000, The University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, pp. 995-1000. Oxford: Elsevier 

Science Ltd, 2000. (Paper presented at Roomvent 2000, 7th International Conference on Air 

Distribution in Room, 9-12 July 2000). 

30. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and N H Wong, A study of indoor pollutant standard 

index and building symptom index. pp. 145-150, 2000. (Paper presented at Healthy 

Buildings 2000, 6-10 August 2000, Espoo, Finland). 


31. Cheong, K W, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, M B Ullah, N H Wong, S Viswanathan, D ERY and S C 

B Ting, The influence of office layout on the ventilation and air-temperature distribution-an 

environmental chamber study. pp. 371-376, 2000. (Paper presented at Healthy Buildings, 6- 

10 August 2000, Espoo, Finland). 

32. Wong, N H, H Feriadi, K W Tham, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Natural ventilation 

characteristics of courtyard buildings in Singapore. In Roomvent 2000 Vol 2, pp. 1213-1218, 

2000. (Paper presented at Healthy Buildings, 6-10 August 2000, Esgoo, Finland). (Paper 

presented at Roomvent 2000, 7th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, 9- 

12 July 2000). 

33. Wong, N H, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and H K Chin, The effects of pressure 

coefficients on the air change rates of buildings. pp. 505-510, 2000. (Paper presented at 

Healthy Buildings, 6-10 August 2000, Espoo, Finland). 

34. Tham, K W, M S Zuraimi, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong, N H Wong and M Amanullah, 

Quantitative relationship between airborne viable micro organisms and particulates in airconditioned 

office environments in Singapore. pp. 347-352, 2000. (Paper presented at 

Healthy buildings, 6-10 August 2000, Espoo, Finland). 

35. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong, N H Wong, H K Lee, M Amanullah and M S Zuraimi, 

Identifying, quantifying and controlling vocs in air-conditioned office buildings-a Singapore 

case study. pp. 449-454, 2000. (Paper presented at Healthy Buildings, 6-10 August 2000, 

Espoo, Finland). 

36. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, A comparison of indoor and outdoor contamination 

levels of office buildings in Singapore. pp. 537-542, 2000. (Paper presented at Healthy 

Buildings, 6-10 August 2000, Espoo, Finland). 

37. Lam, K P, N H Wong and S C Sekhar, The use of multiple building performance simulation 

tools. During the design process - a case study in Singapore. Volume 2, Seventh 

International IBPSA Conference, edited by Lamberts R, Negrao C, Hensen J, pp. 815-822. 

Rio De Janerio: IBPSA Brazil, 2001. (Paper presented at Seventh International IBPSA 

Conference, 13-15 August 2001, Rio De Janerio, Brazil). 

38. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Indoor air quality, ventilation and 

energy studies in hot and humid climates. In CLIMA 2000 / NAPOLI 2001 World Congress, 

September 2001. (Paper presented at CLIMA 2000 / NAPOLI 2001 World Congress, 15-18 

September 2001, Napoli, Italy). 

39. Zuraimi, M S, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong, N H Wong, H K Lee and M Amanullah, 

The effects of ventilation operations on volatile organic compounds levels in a tropical 

building. In CLIMA 2000 / NAPOLI 2001 World Congress, September 2001. (Paper presented 

at CLIMA 2000 / NAPOLI 2001 World Congress, 15-18 September 2001, Napoli, Italy). 

40. Cheong, K W, E Djunaedy, T K Poh, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, N H Wong and M B Ullah, 

Modelling of pollutant in an office environment. In proceedings of CLIMA 2000 international 

conference. September 2001. (Paper presented at CLIMA 2000, 15 September 2001, Napoli, 

Italy). 

41. Feriadi, H, N H Wong, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and K Y D, The impacts of multistorey 

carpark on the ventilation performance of highrise housing in Singapore. In IAQVEC 

2001 - The 4th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy 

Conservation, October 2001. (Paper presented at IAQVEC 2001 - The 4 th International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation, 2-5 October 2001, 

Hunan, China). 

42. Wong, N H, H Feriadi, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and P Y Lim, Thermal comfort 

evaluation of natural ventilated public housing in Singapore. In IAQVEC 2001 - The 4th 

International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation, October 

2001. (Paper presented at IAQVEC 2001 - The 4th International Conference on Indoor Air 

Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation, 2-5 October 2001, Hunan, China). 


43. Cheong, K W, E Djunaedy, Y L Chua, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, N H Wong and M B Ullah, 

Thermal comfort evaluation of an air-conditional lecture theatre in the tropics. In IAQVEC 

2001 - The 4th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy 

Conservation, October 2001. (Paper presented at IAQVEC 2001 - The 4 th International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation, 2-5 October 2001, 

Hunan, China). 

44. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Indoor air quality and ventilation measurements in 

nine air-conditioned buildings in Singapore. In IAQVEC 2001 - The 4th International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation, October 2001. 

(Paper presented at IAQVEC 2001 - The 4th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, 

Ventilation and Energy Conservation, 2-5 October 2001, Hunan, China). 

45. Roulet, C.A, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Ventilation, indoor environment quality 

and climate - comparison of European and Singapore office buildings. In CISBAT 2001, 

Conference Internationale Energie solaire et batiment, pp. 139-144. Lausanne, October 2001. 

(Paper presented at CISBAT 2001, Conference Internationale – Energie solaire et batiment, 

3-4 October 2001, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland). 

46. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, MD Amanullah, H K Lee, K W Cheong, N H Wong and Zuraimi Bin 

Mohd Sultan, Significance of individual response factors in the detailed characterisation of 

volatile organic compounds. In Volume 1 of 5, 9th International Conference on Indoor Air 

Quality and Climate, edited by Hal Levin, pp. 601-606. Santa Cruz: Indoor Air 2002, 30 June 

2002. (Paper presented at Proceedings : Indoor Air 2002, 30 June - 5 July 2002, Monterey 

Convention Centre, Monterey, United States). 

47. Cheong, K W, E Djunaedy, K W Tham, S C Sekhar, N H Wong and M B Ullah, Influence of 

furniture layout and ventilation design on air quality and thermal comfort. Vol 2 of 5, Indoor 

Air Quality, edited by Hal Levin, pp. 302-307. SANTA CRUZ, June 2002. (Paper presented at 

9 th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 30 June - 5 July 2002, 

Monteray Convention Centre, California, United States). 

48. Wong, N H, BRJ Huang, K W Tham, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, A study of the IAQ of 

residential buildings in Singapore. 4, Indoor Air 2002 : 9 th International Conference on 

Indoor Air Quality and Climate, edited by H Levin, pp. 483-488. Santa Cruz, California: 

Indoor Air 2002, 30 June 2002. (Paper presented at Indoor Air 2002, 30 June – 5 July 2002, 

Monterey, California, United States). 

49. Zuraimi, MS, K W Tham and S C Sekhar, Identification and quantification of VOCs sources in 

air-conditioned office buildings in Singapore. 2, Indoor Air 2002 : 9th International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, edited by H Levin, pp. 183-188. Santa Cruz, 

California: Indoor Air 2002, 30 June 2002. (Paper presented at Indoor Air 2002, 30 June - 5 

July 2002, Monterey, California, United States). (The support of the National University of 

Singapore is gratefully acknowledged). 

50. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, M Aman Ullah, H K Lee, K W Cheong and N H Wong, A detailed 

study of volatile organic compounds of 5 air-conditioned office buildings in Singapore. 1, 

Indoor Air 2002 : 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, edited by 

H Levin, pp. 561-566. Santa Cruz, California: Indoor Air 2002, 30 June 2002. (Paper 

presented at Indoor Air 2002, 30 June - 5 July 2002, Monterey, California, United States). 

(This study has been carried out under a National University of Singapore sponsored 

research project number R-296-000-024-112). 

51. Feriadi, H., N H Wong, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and K W Tham, Redefining appropriate 

thermal comfort standard for naturally ventilated buildings in tropics (Singapore and 

Indonesia perspective). In 9 th international conference on indoor air quality and climate, 

edited by H Levin, pp. 110-115, 15 July 2002. (Paper presented at Indoor Air 2002, 30 June 

- 5 July 2002, Monterey, California, United States). 

52. Sekhar, S C and HC Willem, Correlation of Indoor Air Quality Measurements and CFD 

Simulations - Findings from a case study in the tropics. In Roomvent 2002, 8th International 

Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, edited by Arsen K Melikov and Peter V Nielson, pp. 


421-424. Copenhagen, 8 September 2002. (Paper presented at Roomvent 2002, 8-11 

September 2002, Moltke's Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark). (This study has been carried out 

under a University sponsored research project R-296-000-024-112). 

53. Feriadi, Henry, N H Wong, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and K W Tham, Thermal comfort 

perception and expectation of two populations: Indonesia and Singapore. In Roomvent 2002 : 

8th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, edited by Arsen K. Melikov and 

Peter V. Nielson, pp. 409-412. Copenhagen: Technical University of Denmark, 8 September 

2002. (Paper presented at Roomvent 2002, 8-11 September 2002, Moltke's Palace, 

Copenhagen, Denmark). 

54. Sekhar, S C, Energy efficient technologies for good indoor environmental quality. Singapore, 

21 February 2002. (Paper presented at Indoor Environmental Quality for Achieving Total 

Building Performance, 21-21 February 2003, Capital Tower, Singapore, Singapore). 

55. Zuraimi, MS, C-A Roulet, S C Sekhar, K W Tham, K W Cheong, N H Wong and H K Lee, 

Concentrations and emission rates of indoor VOCs – A comparative study between Singapore 

and European office buildings. In Volume 1, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7th 

International Conference, edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra Sekhar and David Cheong, pp. 

385-390. Singapore: Healthy Buildings 2003, December 2003. (Paper presented at Healthy 

Buildings 2003, 7-11 December 2003, National University of Singapore, Singapore). 

56. Roulet, C-A, MS Zuraimi, S C Sekhar and K W Tham, Tracer gas measurement of airflow 

rates in rooms with several air-handling units. In Volume 2, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 

2003 - 7th International Conference, edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra Sekhar and David 

Cheong, pp. 398-403. Singapore: Healthy Buildings 2003, December 2003. (Paper presented 

at Healthy Buildings 2003, 7-11 December 2003, National University of Singapore, 

Singapore). 

57. Sekhar, S C, Gong Nan, Uma Maheswaran, K W Cheong, K W Tham, Arsen Melikov, P.O. 

Fanger and D.P. Wyon, Energy efficiency potential of personalised ventilation system in the 

tropics. In Volume 2, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7th International Conference, 

edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra Sekhar and David Cheong, pp. 686-691. Singapore: 

Healthy Buildings 2003, December 2003. (Paper presented at Healthy Buildings 2003, 7-11 

December 2003, National University of Singapore, Singapore). 

58. Sekhar, S C, Gong Nan, Uma Maheswaran, K W Cheong, K W Tham, Arsen Melikov, P.O. 

Fanger and D.P. Wyon, Preliminary findings of personalised ventilation pilot study in hot and 

humid climates. In Volume 2, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7th International 

Conference, edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra Sekhar and David Cheong, pp. 825-830. 

Singapore: Healthy Buildings 2003, December 2003. (Paper presented at Healthy Buildings 

2003, 7-11 December 2003, National University of Singapore, Singapore). 

59. Gong Nan, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and K W Tham, Exploration of CFD models for 

personalised ventilation air terminal devices. In Volume 2, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 

2003 - 7th International Conference, edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra Sekhar and David 



Singapore). 

60. Sekhar, S C and W.K. Lim, Ventilation and IAQ performance of a typical split-system airconditioning 

unit in a residential apartment in Singapore. In Volume 2, Proceedings of 

Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7th International Conference, edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra 

Sekhar and David Cheong, pp. 351-356. Singapore: Healthy Buildings 2003, December 2003. 

(Paper presented at Healthy Buildings 2003, 7-11 December 2003, National University of 

Singapore, Singapore). 

61. Tham, K W, HC Willem, S C Sekhar, DP Wyon, P Wargocki and PO Fanger, Temperature and 

ventilation effects on the work performance of office workers - A study of a call centre in the 

tropics. In Volume 3, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7th International Conference, 

edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra Sekhar and David Cheong, pp. 280-285. Singapore: 

Healthy Buildings 2003, December 2003. (Paper presented at Healthy Buildings 2003, 7-11 



62. Tham, K W, HC Willem, S C Sekhar, DP Wyon, P Wargocki and PO Fanger, The SBS 

symptoms and environmental perceptions of office workers in the tropics at two air 

temperatures and two ventilation rates. In Volume 3, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2003 

- 7th International Conference, edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra Sekhar and David 



Singapore). 

63. Sekhar, S C, Synergy between Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency in hot humid climates 

(Abstract). In ICBSFM 2003 – International Conference on Building Systems and Facilities 

Management, 8-10 October 2003, Marina Mandarin Hotel, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 129- 

136. Singapore: The Institution of Engineers, 8 October 2003. 

64. Maheswaran, C.R.U., S C Sekhar and K W Tham, Considerations in the formulation of a 

mathematical model for a newly developed compartmented cooling coil (Abstract). Singapore 

In Volume 2, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7th International Conference, edited 

by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra Sekhar and David Cheong, pp. 831-836. Singapore: Healthy 

Buildings 2003, December 2003. (Paper presented at Healthy Buildings 2003, 7-11 


65. Feriadi, H., N H Wong, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, A fuzzy logic approach in thermal 

comfort modeling for naturally ventilated house in tropics. In Volume 1, Proceedings of 

Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7 th International Conference, edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra 




66. Sekhar, S C, CRU Maheswaran, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Energy efficient air-conditioning 

and air distribution system for improved indoor air quality. In Volume 2, Proceedings of 

Healthy Buildings 2003 - 7 th International Conference, edited by Tham Kwok Wai, Chandra 




67. Uma Maheswaran, C R, S C Sekhar and J Srinivasan, Evaluation of fin eficiency concepts in 

cooling and dehumidifying coils - A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach. In CIB World Building 

Congress 2004 in conjunction with The 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, 

Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings, 1 May 2004. (Paper presented at CIB 

World Building Congress 2004, 2-7 May 2004, Toronto, Canada). 

68. Uma Maheswaran, C R and S C Sekhar, Fin efficiency of the newly developed 

compartmented coil of a single coil twin fan system. In CIB World Building Congress 2004 in 

conjunction with The 5 th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and 

Energy Conservation in Buildings, 1 May 2004. (Paper presented at CIB World Building 

Congress 2004, 2-7 May 2004, Toronto, Canada). 

69. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and N Gong, A case study of quantitative energy 

efficiency of personalised ventilation in the tropics. (Paper presented at ROOMVENT 2004 - 

9th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, 5-8 September 2004, Faculty of 

Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal). 

70. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and N Gong, Experimental study of draft perception of 

tropically acclimatised subjects under personalised ventilation. (Paper presented at 

ROOMVENT 2004 - 9 th International Conference on Air distribution in Rooms, 5-8 September 

2004, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal). 

71. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and N Gong, Thermal sensation of tropically 

acclimatised subjects under fixed air flow of personalized ventilation. (Paper presented at 

ROOMVENT 2004 - 9th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, 5-8 

September 2004, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 

Portugal). 


72. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and CR Uma Maheswaran, Demand control ventilation - Indoor air 

quality and energy conservation issues in the tropics. (Paper presented at ROOMVENT 2004 - 

9th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, 5-8 September 2004, Faculty of 

Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal). 

73. Yu, W. J., K W Cheong, K W Tham and S C Sekhar, Draft Sensation Study in A Space Served 

by Displacement Ventilation System in the Tropics. In Indoor Air 2005, 1.2-30, pp 239-243. 

(Paper presented at 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 4-9 

September 2005, Beijing, China). 

74. Cheong, K W, W. J. Yu, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and R. Kosonen, Thermal Comfort Study on 

Vertical Air Temperature Gradient with Displacement Ventilation System in the Tropics. In 

Indoor Air 2005, 1.2-32, pp 249-253 (Paper presented at 10th International Conference on 

Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 4-9, September 2005, Beijing, China). 

75. Yu, W. J., K W Cheong, K W Tham, S C Sekhar and R. Kosonen, Distribution of Skin Surface 

Temperature of a Manikin in a Space with Displacement Ventilation System. In Indoor Air 

2005, 1.2-31, pp 244-248 (Paper presented at 10 th International Conference on Indoor Air 

Quality and Climate, 4-9 September 2005, Beijing, China). 

76. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and R U M CHEYYAR, Single coil twin fan airconditioning 

and air distribution system - Design concepts for a field trial. In Indoor Air 2005, 

1.7-49, pp 1219-1222 (Paper presented at Indoor Air 2005 the 10 th International Conference 

on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 4-9 September 2005, Beijing International Convention 

Center, Beijing, China). 

77. Sekhar, S C and Bin Yang, CFD modeling of a compartmented cooling coil for demand 

ventilation to achieve enhanced indoor air quality. In Indoor Air 2005, 1.7-50, pp 1223-1227 

(Paper presented at Indoor Air 2005, The 10th International Conference on Indoor Air 

Quality and Climate, 4-9 September 2005, Beijing International Convention Center, Beijing, 

China). 

78. CHEYYAR, R U M and S C Sekhar, Performance evaluation of a compartmented cooling coil in 

a single coil twin fan system. (Paper presented at CLIMA 2005, 8th REHVA World Congress, 

9-12 October 2005, Palais Beaulieu, Lausanne, Switzerland). 

79. Gong, N, K W Tham, AM Melikov, D Wyon, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Human perception 

of local air movement and the acceptable air velocity range for local air movement in the 

Tropics. In Indoor Air 2005, 1.4-8, pp 452-457. (Paper presented at Indoor Air 2005, The 

10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 4-9 September 2005, 

Beijing, China. 

80. CHEYYAR, R U M and S C Sekhar, An approximate performance prediction of the 

compartmented coil for enhanced thermal comfort and indoor environmental quality. 2005. 

In Proceedings of Asia Pacific Conference on Built Environment 2005 – Creating a Healthy 

and Energy Efficient Indoor and Built Environment, pp 71-76. (Paper presented at Asia 

Pacific Conference on Built Environment 2005, 25-26 November 2005, Manila Hotel, Manila, 

Philippines). 

81. Sekhar, S C, A review of air-conditioning and air distribution technologies for energy efficient 

healthy buildings. 2005. In Proceedings of Asia Pacific Conference on Built Environment 2005 

– Creating a Healthy and Energy Efficient Indoor and Built Environment, pp 17-27. (Paper 

presented at Asia Pacific Conference on Built Environment 2005, 25-26 November 2005, 

Manila Hotel, Manila, Philippines). (Paper presented at Asia Pacific Conference on Built 

Environment 2005, 25-26, November 2005, Manila Hotel, Manila, Philippines). 

82 Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Ventilation, IAQ and energy efficiency in hot humid 

climates. In 26th AIVC Conference - Ventilation in Relation to the Energy Performance of 

Buildings, 21-23 September 2005, Brussels, Belgium, edited by Air Infiltration and 

Ventilation Centre, pp. 27-34. Brussels: International Energy Agency, September 2005. 


83. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, S E Lee and K W Cheong, "Total Building Performance – a new 

paradigm for building delivery". 36th Congress on HVAC&R (2006). Belgrade: SMEITS. (36th 

Congress on HVAC&R, 30 Nov - 2 Dec 2005, Sava Centre, Belgrade, Serbia) 

84. Gong, Nan, K W Tham, A.K. Melikov, D.P. Wyon, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, "The 

Preference for Local Air Movement in the Facial Region during Long-Term Exposure in the 

Tropics". Healthy Buildings 2006 , ed. E.de Oliveira Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, J.Rosado 

Pinto. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), building related diseases and human response, vol. 1 (2006): 

63-67. Lisbon: Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, J.Rosado Pinto. (Healthy Buidings 2006, 4 - 

8 Jun 2006, Centro de Congressos, Lisboa, Portugal) 

85. Yang, Bin and S C Sekhar, "An Innovative Fresh Air Supply Method for Decoupled Ventilation 

Strategy". Healthy Buildings 2006, ed. E.de Oliveira Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, 

J.Rosado Pinto. Materials, systems and technologies for healthy buildings; Policies and 

practice issues in creating healthy buildings, vol. V (2006): 153-157. Lisbon: E.de Oliveira 

Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, J.Rosado Pinto. (Healthy Buildings 2006, 4 – 8 Jun 2006, 

Centro de Congressos, Lisboa, Portugal) 

86. Yang, Bin and S C Sekhar, "CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Compartmented 

Cooling Coil under Dehumidifying Conditions". Healthy Buildings 2006, ed. E.de Oliveira 

Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, J.Rosado Pinto. Materials, systems and technologies for 

healthy buildings; Policies and practice issues in creating healthy buildings, vol. V (2006): 

147-151. Lisbon: E.de Oliveira Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, J.Rosado Pinto. (Healthy 

Buildings 2006, 4 - 8 Jun 2006, Centro de Congressos, Lisboa, Portugal) 

87. Cheong, K W, W.J. Yu, K W Tham, S C Sekhar and R. Kosonen, "The impact of temperature 

gradient on energy consumption of displacement ventilation system in the tropics". HB2006. 

Materials, systems and technologies for healthy buildings, vol. V (2006): 193-196. Lisbon: E. 

de Oliveira Fernandes, M. Gameiro da Silva, J. Rosado Pinto. (Healthy Buildings 2006, 4 - 8 

Jun 2006, Lisbon, Portugal) 

88. Li, Ruixin and S C Sekhar, "Comparison of Performance of Under-floor and Ceiling Supply 

System in a Field Environmental Chamber Study". Healthy Buildings 2006, ed. E.de Oliveira 

Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, J.Rosado Pinto. Indoor Climate, vol. II (2006): 145-148. 

Lisbon: E.de Oliveira Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, J.Rosado Pinto. (Healthy Buildings 

2006, 4 - 8 Jun 2006, Centro de Congressos, Lisboa, Portugal) 

89. Gong, N, K W Tham, A Melikov, D Wyon, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, "The Preference of 

Local Air Movement in the Facial Region during Long-Term Exposure in the Tropics". 

Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2006, ed. Fernandes EDO, da Silva MG and Pinto JR. Vol. 1, 

ed. Fernandes EDO, da Silva MG and Pinto JR (2006): 63-67. Porto: Universidade do Porto. 

(Healthy Buildings 2006, 4 - 8 June 2006, Lisbon, Portugal) 

90. Cheyyar, R U M and S C Sekhar, "Conceptual design of a coil selection module for a 

compartmented cooling coil – a user-centered approach". Healthy Buildings 2006, ed. E.de 

Oliveira Fernandes, M.Gameiro da Silva, J.Rosado Pinto. Materials, systems and technologies 

for healthy buildings, vol. IV (2006): 411-414. Lisbon: E.de Oliveira Fernandes, M.Gameiro 

da Silva, J.Rosado Pinto. (Healthy Buildings 2006, 4 - 8 Jun 2006, Centro de Congressos, 

Lisboa, Portugal) 

91. Sekhar, S C, "Decoupled Ventilation Strategies for Enhanced IAQ - Demand Cooling and 

Demand Ventilation: Recent Findings". 37th International Congress on Heating, Refrigeration 

and Air-conditioning, ed. Branislav Todorovic (2006). Belgrade: Society of Heating, 

Refrigeration and Air-conditioning of Serbia. (Plenary paper) (37th International Congress on 

Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 6 - 8 Dec 2006, Sava Center, Belgrade, Serbia & 

Montenegro) 

92. Sekhar, S C, "Decoupled Ventilation Strategies for Enhanced IAQ - Demand Cooling and 

Demand Ventilation". Proceedings of Joint Symposium 2006 (2006). Hong Kong: ASHRAE 

Hong Kong Chapter, CIBSE Hong Kong Chapter & Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. 

(Invited paper) (Joint Symposium 2006 - Efficient Built Environment for Tomorrow, 14 Nov 

2006, Kowloon Shangri-la Hotel, Hong Kong) 


93. S.C.Sekhar, Yang Bin, K.W.Tham and David Cheong, IAQ and Energy Performance of the 

newly developed Single Coil Twin Fan air-conditioning and air distribution system – Results 

of a Field Trial. In Proceedings of Clima 2007 WellBeing Indoors, Helsinki. Finland. (10-14 

June 2007) 

94. Yang, B. and S.C.Sekhar, Numerical study of ceiling mounted personalized ventilation air 

terminal device integrated with a displacement ventilation system. In Proceedings of 

ROOMVENT 2007, International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, Helsinki, Finland. 

(13-15 June 2007) 

95. Yang, B. and S.C.Sekhar, Numerical study of circular jet diffuser for task ventilation of under 

floor air supply system in tropics. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2007, Beijing, China, 

pp 1021-1026. 

96. Li, Ruixin and S C Sekhar, "Numerical Simulation of Personalized Ventilation in Conjunction 

with Under Floor Air Distribution System". In Proceedings of ROOMVENT 2007, International 

Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, Helsinki, Finland. (13-15 June 2007) 

97. Raphael, B., K W Tham and S C Sekhar, "ACTIVE CONTROL OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENT 

QUALITY". Automation and robotics in construction, ed. Koshy Varghese (2007): 119-124. 

Madras: Indian Institute of Technology. (International symposium on automation and 

robotics in construction, 19 - 21 Oct 2007, Kochi, India) 

98. Sekhar, S C and Keterina Chong, "HEAT PIPE APPLICATION FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT AIR- 

CONDITIONING IN AN ANIMAL CARE FACILITY". IAQVEC 2007 - The 6th International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation & Energy Conservation in Buildings (28 - 31 

Oct 2007, Sendai International Centre, Sendai, Japan) 

99. Yang, Bin and S C Sekhar, "Numerical study of effects of moving person velocity on 

personalized ventilation". ASHRAE IAQ 2007 - Healthy and Sustainable Buildings (14 – 17 

Oct 2007, Baltimore, United States) 

100. Bin Yang, Arsen Melikov and Chandra Sekhar, “Cooling effect of ceiling mounted personalized 

ventilation system”. In Proceedings of Indoor Air 2008, The 11 th International Conference on 

Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark (17-22 August 2008). 

101. S.C.Sekhar and L.T.Tan, “Optimisation of cooling coil performance during operation stage for 

improved humidity control”. In Proceedings of Indoor Air 2008, The 11 th International 

Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark (17-22 August 2008). 

102. Li Ruixin, S.C. Sekhar and Florence Khoo, “Study of warmer supply air temperature in underfloor 

air distribution system (UFAD) in hot and humid climates”. In Proceedings of Indoor Air 

2008, The 11 th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Copenhagen, 

Denmark (17-22 August 2008). 

103. Sekhar, S C, "Towards Energy Efficient Healthy Buildings in the Tropics". ACRECONF 2009 

(2009). New Delhi: ISHRAE & ASHRAE India. (Plenary paper) (ACRECONF 2009 - Reaching 

out for a Greener Tomorrow, 20 - 21 Feb 2009, Hotel The Grand, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 

India) (Invited Plenary Speaker). 

104. LI, R, S C Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, "Human response to the thermal environment served 

by personalized ventilation combined with under-floor air distribution system". Roomvent 

2009, The 11th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms (2009). Busan: 

Roomvent 2009 Secretariat. (Roomvent 2009, 24 - 27 May 2009, BEXCO (Busan Exhibition 

& Convention Center), Busan, South Korea) 

105. YANG, B, S C Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, "Subjective assessments of Air Movement for 

ceiling mounted personalized ventilation system". Roomvent 2009, The 11th International 

Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms (2009). Seoul: Roomvent 2009 Secretariat. 

(Roomvent 2009, 24 - 27 May 2009, BEXCO Busan Exhibition & Convention Center), Busan, 

South Korea) 


106. YANG, B, Arsen Melikov and S C Sekhar, "Upper body cooling effect of ceiling mounted 

personalized ventilation system.". Roomvent 2009, The 11th International Conference on Air 

Distribution in Rooms (2009). Seoul: Roomvent 2009 Secretariat. (Roomvent 2009, 24 – 27 

May 2009, BEXCO (Busan Exhibition & Convention Center), Busan, South Korea) 

107. YANG, B, S C Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, "Thermal sensation and air movement perception 

with ceiling mounted personalized ventilation system". HB2009 (2009). Syracuse: Syracuse 

University. (HB 2009, The Ninth International Healthy Buildings Conference and Exhibition, 

13 - 17 Sep 2009, Oncenter Complex, Syracuse, United States) 

108. LI, R, S C Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, "Air movement preference and acceptability with 

personalized ventilation in conjunction with under-floor air supply". HB2009 (2009). 

Syracuse: Syracuse University. (HB 2009, The Ninth International Healthy Buildings 

Conference and Exhibition, 13 - 17 Sep 2009, Oncenter Complex, Syracuse, United States) 

109. Sekhar, S C and A.M.M Adeeb, "Field study evaluation of thermal comfort in air-conditioned 

buildings in a hot and humid climate with elevated space temperatures". HB2009 (2009). 

Syracuse: Syracuse University. (HB 2009, The Ninth International Healthy Buildings 

Conference and Exhibition, 13 - 17 Sep 2009, Oncenter Complex, Syracuse, United States) 

110. YANG, B, S C Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, "Subjective Assessments of Thermal Sensation for 

Ceiling Mounted Personalized Ventilation System". EERB-BEPH 2009 (2009). Hunan: Hunan 

University. (EERB-BEPH 2009, The Fifth International Workshop on Energy and Environment 

of Residential Buildings and The Third International Conference on Built Environment and 

Public Health, 29 - 31 May 2009, Guilin Bravo Hotel, Guilin, China) 

111. YANG, B, Arsen Melikov and S C Sekhar, "Occupant Movement Analysis of Ceiling Mounted 

Personalized ventilation System". EERB-BEPH 2009 (2009). Hunan: Hunan University. 

(EERB-BEPH 2009, The Fifth International Workshop on Energy and Environment of 

Residential Buildings and The Third International Conference on Built Environment and Public 

Health, 29 - 31 May 2009, Guilin Bravo Hotel, Guilin, China) 

112. Maheswaran, Uma, S C Sekhar and S HARIPRIYA, "ENERGY MODELING AS A KEY 

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TECHNIQUE IN INTERNATIONAL GREEN BUILDING RATING 

SYSTEMS". Proceedings of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on the Built Environment (2009). 

Kaohsiung: ASHRAE. (10th Asia Pacific Conference on the Built Environment - Green Energy 

for Environment, 5 - 6 Nov 2009, Ambassador Hotel Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung,Taiwan) 

113. Raphael, B., Y CHEN, S C Sekhar and K W Tham, "Towards Intelligent Building Systems: 

Evaluating User Acceptance of Automatic Control". Computing in Civil and Building 

engineering, ed. Walid Tizani (2010). Nottingham: The University of Nottingham. 

(International conference on computing in civil and building engineering, 30 Jun - 2 Jul 2010, 

Nottingham, 

United Kingdom) 

114. Sekhar, S C, "Single Coil Twin Fan Air-conditioning and Air Distribution System for Enhanced 

Indoor Air Quality– An Energy Analysis". Proceedings of CLIMA 2010 (2010). Antalya: 

Turkish Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineers (TTMD). (CLIMA 2010 - 10th REHVA World 

Congress - Sustainable energy use in buildings, 9 - 12 May 2010, WOW Hotel, Topkapi 

Palace, Antalya, Turkey) 

115. Sekhar, S C, R LI and Arsen Melikov, "Use of Heat-pipe for Energy Efficiency Improvement of 

Personalized Ventilation System combined with Under-floor Air Distribution System in a Hot 

and Humid Climate". Proceedings of CLIMA 2010 (2010). Antalya: Turkish Society of HVAC 

and Sanitary Engineers (TTMD). (CLIMA 2010 - 10th REHVA World Congress - "Sustainable 

Energy Use in Buildings", 9 - 12 May 2010, WOW Hotel, Topkapi Palace, Antalya, Turkey). 

116. CHEN, Y, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and B. Raphael, "Personalized Ventilation Control: 

Perception of Indoor Air Quality". Clima 2010, 10th REHVA World Congress, "Sustainable 

Energy Use in Buildings" (2010). Antalya: REHVA. (Clima 2010, 9 - 12 May 2010, Antalya, 

Turkey) 


117. CHEN, Y, B. Raphael, S C Sekhar and K W Tham, "Energy Performance of Personalized 

Ventilation". Clima 2010, 10th REHVA World Congress, "Sustainable Energy Use in Buildings" 

(2010). Antalya: REHVA. (Clima 2010, 9 - 12 May 2010, Antalya, Turkey). 

118. MILLER, C and S C Sekhar, "Development of a Dual Duct Air Terminal Unit in EnergyPlus to 

Model Centralized Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS)". IAQVEC 2010 The 7 th 

International conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in 

Buildings (15 - 18 Aug 2010, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States) 

119. MILLER, C and S C Sekhar, "MODELING OF THE SINGLE COIL, TWIN FAN AIR- 

CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN ENERGYPLUS". SimBuild 2010 - 4th National Conference IBPSA- 

USA (11 - 13 Aug 2010, New York University, New York City, United States) 

120. LI, R, S C Sekhar and Arsen Melikov, "Personalized Ventilation integrated with under-floor air 

distribution system - Protection of occupants from indoor airborne agents ". ASHRAE IAQ 

2010 (10 - 12 Nov 2010, Berjaya Times Square Hotel & Convention Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 

Malaysia). 

121. YANG, J and S C Sekhar, "COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF 

PERSONALIZED VENTILATION SYSTEM IN CONJUNCTION WITH A PERSONALIZED EXHAUST 

DEVICE". Roomvent 2011 (2011). Norway. (Roomvent 2011, 19 - 22 Jun 2011, Trondheim, 

Norway) 

122. Sekhar, S C, "A comparison of cooling coil energy performance of two different strategies in 

an operating room in a hot and humid climate". Roomvent 2011 (2011). Norway. (Roomvent 

2011, 19 - 22 Jun 2011, Trondheim, Norway) 

123. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and K W Cheong, "Enhancing the performance of modularised Fan 

Coil Units using the concept of Single Coil Twin Fan System". Indoor Air 2011 (2011). United 

States. (Indoor Air 2011, 5 - 10 Jun 2011, Austin, United States) 

124. Sekhar, S C, "Decoupled Ventilation Strategies for Enhanced IAQ". 19th International HVACR 

Expo & Conference, ed. Pakistan HVACR Society Islamabad Chapter and ASHRAE Northern 

Pakistan Chapter (2012): 139-142. Karachi: Engineering and Industrial Review. (19 th 

International HVACR Conference 2012, 1 - 3 Mar 2012, Jinnah Convention Center, Islamabad, 

Pakistan) (ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk). 

125. Sekhar, S C, "Ventilation, IAQ and Energy Issues in hot humid climates". 19th International 

HVACR Expo & Conference, ed. Pakistan HVACR Society Islamabad Chapter and ASHRAE 

Northern Pakistan Chapter (2012): 121-126. Karachi: Engineering and Industrial Review. 

(19th International HVACR Conference 2012, 1 - 3 Mar 2012, Jinnah Convention Centre, 

Islamabad, Pakistan) (ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk). 

126. Tang, JW, A Nicholle, P JOVAN, CH Gerald Koh, LD Wang, M Amin, C Klettner, K W Cheong, 

S C Sekhar and K W Tham, "Airflow dynamics of coughing and sneezing in healthy human 

volunteers from shadowgraph imaging: an aid to aerosol infection control ". Proc Healthy 

Buildings 2012 (2012). Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology. (HB 2012, 8 - 12 Jul 

2012, Brisbane Convention Centre, Brisbane, Australia). 

127. Sekhar, S C and M Uma, "Cooling coil optimisation in hot and humid climates for IAQ and 

energy considerations". Proceedings of HB2012 - 10th International Conference (2012). 

Brisbane: QUT. (Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International Conference, 8 - 12 Jul 2012, 

Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, Australia). 

128. Licina, D and S C Sekhar, "Air handling unit condensate in tropical and subtropical climates – 

Why waste down the drain?" Proceedings of HB2012 - 10th International Conference (2012). 

Brisbane: QUT. (Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International Conference, 8 - 12 Jul 2012, 

Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, Australia). 

129. Yang, J, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and B. Raphael, "Computational evaluation of different 

personalized exhaust devices". Proceedings of HB2012 - 10th International Conference 

(2012). Brisbane: QUT. (Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International Conference, 8 - 12 Jul 

2012, Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre, Brisbane, Australia) 


Publications : Papers for Seminars, Public Talks and Invited 

Lectures 

1. Sekhar, S C, R E Luxton and A Shaw, "Hand holding workshop on practical design 

procedures for full range comfort air conditioning". Hand Holding Workshop on Practical 

Design Procedures for Full Range Comfort Air Conditioning (22 Mar 1990, Department of 

Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Australia) 

2. Lee, S E, K W Tham and S C Sekhar, "Integrated Approach Towards Healthy Buildings". 

Clean and Green Week Seminar 1993: Green and Healthy Buildings , ed. SE Lee, KW Tham 

and LL Sim (1993): 17-29. Singapore: School of Building & Estate Management. (Clean 

and Green Week Seminar 1993: Green and Healthy Buildings, 11 Nov 1993, Singapore) 

3. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and P C F Chan, "Developing an IAQ management 

plan". Management of Indoor Air Quality (1996). Singapore. (Management of Indoor Air 

Quality, 8 Nov 1996) 

4. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and P C F Chan, "Conformance for performance – the 

role of indoor air quality audit". Management of Indoor Air Quality (1996). Singapore. 

(Management of Indoor Air Quality, 8 Nov 1996) 

5. Sekhar, S C, K W Cheong, K W Tham and M Susithra, "An integrated IAO audit 

methodology". Interfaculty Seminar and NSTB Techmonth event - recent issues and 

developments in Indoor Air Quality (1998). Singapore: School of Building and Real Estate, 

NUS. (Interfaculty Seminar and NSTB Techmonth event - recent issues and developments 

in Indoor Air Quality, 25 Sep 1998) 

6. Sekhar, S C, "Indoor Air Quality – Art or Science or Both?". Towards Practical and Effective 

Facility Management (22 - 23 Jul 2004, SPRING Singapore Training Room, Singapore) 

7. Sekhar, S C and K W Tham, "Environmental issues in health-care technologies". Effective 

Management of Healthcare Technology (23 Mar 2005, Sunway Lagoon, Kuala Lumpur, 

Malaysia) 

8. Sekhar, S C, S E Lee and K W Tham, "Indoor environment and energy in hot humid 

climates". International Conference on the Energy Performance of Buildings : "Indoor 

climate considerations and the EPBD" (21 - 23 Sep 2005, Hotel Husa President Park, 

Brussels, Belgium) 

9. Sekhar, S C, "An energy efficient air-conditioning system for enhanced indoor air quality". 

Sustainable Energy Asia 2005 (30 Nov - 1 Dec 2005, Suntec City, Singapore) 

10. Sekhar, S.C., “Decoupled Ventilation Strategies for Enhanced IAQ – “Demand Cooling” and 

“Demand Ventilation”. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, Joint Symposium, 14 

November 2006, Hong Kong. 

11. Sekhar, S.C., “Decoupled Ventilation Strategies for Enhanced IAQ – “Demand Cooling” and 

“Demand Ventilation” : Recent Findings”. ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Talk, 37 th 

International Congress on Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning, Belgrade, 6-8 

December 2006. (incorporating Danube Chapter talk) 

Publications : Others (Published) 

1. Sekhar, S C, “International Ventilation Standards – An Update”. ASHRAE IAQ Applications, 

pp 16-18, Atlanta, ASHRAE, 2007. 

2. Sekhar, S C, "Ventilation and Infiltration in Hot, Humid Climates". ASHRAE IAQ 

Applications, pp 14-17, Atlanta, ASHRAE, 2005. 

Publications : Unpublished Reports 


1. Sekhar*, S C, K W Tham and K W Cheong, Evaluation of performance characteristics of 

newly developed ceiling mounted personalized and mixing ventilation systems. Singapore, 

2010, 155 pp. 

2. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham and K W Cheong, An energy efficient air-conditioning system with 

zonal ventilation control for improved indoor air quality, Singapore, 2007, 110 pp. (The 

Enterprise Challenge [TEC] Project Report). 

3. Sekhar, S C and K W Tham, Optimization of the compartmented coil performance of a 

newly developed air-conditioning system, Singapore, 2007, 135 pp. (Research Report). 

4. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Development of an energy efficient 

air-conditioning system with zonal ventilation control for improved indoor air quality, 

Singapore, 2003, 64 pp. (Research Report). 

5. Sekhar, S C, K W Cheong, K W Tham, N H Wong, P.O. Fanger, A. Melikov and D.P. Wyon, 

Evaluation of energy efficient personalised air units for enhanced ventilation in the tropics. 

Singapore, 2003, 106 pp. (Research Report). 

6. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong, N H Wong and H K Lee, Detailed characterisation of 

indoor volatile organic compounds in commercial buildings in Singapore . Singapore, 2001, 

130 pp. (Research Report). 

7. Lee, S E, K W Cheong, M Y L Chew, K P Lam, S C Sekhar, M B Ullah and N H Wong, 

Investigation into the establishment of an intelligent laboratory for sustainable built 

environment. Singapore: National University of Singapore, 2001. 

8. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Report on IAQ investigation of SIA 

Airline House . Singapore, 2001, 122 pp. (Technical Report, prepared for Singapore 

Airlines Ltd). 

9. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Report on indoor air quality 

investigation of Orchard Community Library in Ngee Ann City . Singapore, 2001, 34 pp. 

(Technical Report, prepared for National Library Board). 

10. Lee, S E, K.P. LAM, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and K H D Ho, Final Report of the industry 

funded research consultancy project on "Total building performance, building services and 

automation”. NUS, Singapore, 2000, 300 pp. (Research Consultancy Report, prepared for 

Pidemco Land Ltd, Singapore (Singapore Investment Division and Project Management 

Division)). 

11. Lee, S E, K.P. LAM, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and K H D Ho, Final report of research project 

RP970284 on "An integrated building assessment method using the Total Building 

Performance (TBP) approach”. NUS, Singapore, 2000, 300 pp. (Research Project Report, 

prepared for NUS). 


investigation of 3 levels in MAS building . Singapore, 2000, 81 pp. (Technical Report, 

prepared for Monetary Authority of Singapore). 

13. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Report on ventilation and infiltration 

study of ISEAS library . Singapore, 2000, 49 pp. (Technical Report, prepared for Institute 

of South East Asian Studies, (ISEAS)). 


investigation of Queenstown, Bukit Merah and Tampines libraries . Singapore, 2000, 148 

pp. (Technical Report, no. -, prepared for National Library Board). 

15. Sekhar, S C and K W Tham, Comparison of cooling loads between AAC blocks and common 

bricks as building materials. Singapore, 1999, 11 pp. (Technical Report, prepared for 

Guobena Sdn Bhd (Singapore Branch)). 

16. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Indoor air quality audit for flight 

control centre & cabin crew control centre at passenger terminal building 2. Singapore, 

1999, 36 pp. (Technical Report, prepared for SIA Properties Pte Ltd). 

17. Sekhar, S C, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Indoor air quality investigation of administrative 

offices in Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre. Singapore, 1999, 34 

pp. (Teachnical Report, prepared for Indeco Engineers Pte Ltd). 

18. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong, M Susithra and S C Foo, Integrated indoor air 

quality (IAQ) and energy audits and targets of commercial air-conditioned buildings in 

Singapore . Singapore, 1998, 260 pp. (Research Report, no. RP950049, prepared for 

National University of Singapore). 

19. Sekhar, S C, K W Cheong and N H Wong, Report on indoor air quality investigation of 3rd, 

24th and 37th storeys in DBS Tower 1 . Singapore, 1998, 40 pp. (Technical Report, 

prepared for Esmaco Pte Ltd). 

20. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Report on indoor air quality audit of 9 setups in 

Changi Airport Terminal One. Singapore, 1998, 99 pp. (Technical Report). 


21. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Report on indoor air quality investigation of 14 

air-conditioned Engineering workshops in airline house and 4 zones in Separation Bay. 

Singapore, 1998, 229 pp. (Technical Report, prepared for SIA Properties). 

22. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong and K H D Ho, Final report of research project 

RP950049 on the "Integrated indoor air quality and energy audits and targets of 

commercial air-conditioned buildings in Singapore”. NUS, Singapore, 1998, 250 pp. 

(Research Project Report, prepared for NUS). 

23. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Indoor Air Quality Investigation of Cabin Crew 

Control Centre and SIA Flight Operations. Singapore, 1997, 36 pp. (Technical Report, 

prepared for Singapore International Airlines Ltd). 

24. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Indoor Air Quality Investigation of Airline 

House .Singapore, 1997, 88 pp. (Technical Report, prepared for Singapore International 

Airlines Ltd). 

25. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar, S E Lee and S K Roy, Indoor Air Investigation of Commercial 

Office Buildings in Singapore. Singapore, 1997, 152 pp. (Research Report, no. RP920045, 

prepared for National University of Singapore). 

26. Tham, K W, S C Sekhar and K W Cheong, Ventilation Analysis of Standard Chartered 

Building, 6 Battery Road . Singapore, 1997, 46 pp. (Technical Report, prepared for Altena 

Cleaning Singapore Pte Ltd). 

27. Tan, M, S E Lee, S Rajendran, K Tharmaratnam, E Y Y Ng, K P Lam, S P Rao, K W Tham, S 

C Sekhar and K J Teh, Design Performance Evaluation for Jurong Town Corporation 'Model 

A' Prototype Multi-level Factory Complex . Singapore, 1997, 112 pp. (Technical Report, 

prepared for Jurong Town Corporation). 

28. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, K W Cheong, D K H Ho, S C Foo and Y H Yau, Interim Report on 

Indoor Air Quality Audit of NUS Administration Building. Singapore, 1996. (Technical 

Report, prepared for National University of Singapore). 

29. Sekhar, S C, K W Tham, M A Haque and S E Lee, Ventilation Studies in Airconditioned 

Office Buildings in Singapore. Singapore, 1996, 102 pp. (Research Project, no. RP930022).

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