Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai - Cucurbit Breeding ...

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Many of the yield trials run each year around the United States show few differences for yield among the experimental entries being evaluated. The screening of a diverse set of watermelon cultivars for fruit yield presented herein showed that there is variation for yield, and that sources of high yield are available. Furthermore, yield was strongly dependent on cultivar, even though influenced by environmental factors (including cultural practices), and probably could be improved through plant breeding. It is now apparent that the lack of genetic variation and the slow improvement in yield often mentioned by watermelon breeders may most likely be a result of the greater emphasis on traits other than yield, as well as the lack of diversity for yield among the modern cultivars. In any case, there is a need to identify sources of high yield, both as fruit weight and fruit number, and to use those sources to develop high yielding, but adapted lines for use by plant breeders. Important traits such as fruit quality and disease resistance should be incorporated into those high yielding lines before they are used to develop new cultivars. This should also result in an increase in the genetic diversity of modern cultivars. Significant genetic diversity in RAPD markers has been observed among watermelon accessions from different geographical areas and from related species such as C. colocynthis (Levi et al., 2001). Now that phenotypic variability for yield in watermelon has been demonstrated, and high yielding cultivars identified, the next step would be to evaluate the USDA-ARS germplasm collection for fruit yield at several locations around the United States, including accessions originating from different areas of the world. Literature Cited Brar, J.S. and A.S. Sidhu. 1977. Heterosis and combining ability of earliness and quality characters in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb. Mansf.). II. Journal of Research. 14: 272-278. Brar, J.S. and B.S. Sukhija. 1977. Hybrid vigor in inter-varietal crosses in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Mansf.). Indian Journal of Horticulture. 34: 277-283. Ferreira, M.A.J., L.T. Braz, M.A. Queiroz, M.G.C. Churata Masca, and R. Vencovsky. 2002. Capacidade de combinacao em sete populacoes de melancia. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira. 37: 963-970. Gill, B.S. and J.C. Kumar. 1988. Combining ability analysis in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb. Mansf.). Indian Journal of Horticulture. 45: 104-109. 69
Levi, A., C.E. Thomas, A.P. Keinath, and T.C. Wehner. 2001. Genetic diversity among watermelon (Citrullus lanatus and Citrullus colocynthis) accessions. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 48: 559-566. Maynard, D.N. (ed.). 2001. Watermelons. Characteristics, production, and marketing. ASHS Press, Alexandria, Virginia. Mohr, H.C. 1986. Watermelon breeding, p. 37-66. In: M.J. Basset (ed.). Breeding vegetable crops. AVI Publishing Co. Nandpuri, K.S., J.C. Kumar, and G.S. Dhillon. 1974. Heterosis in watermelon. The Punjab Horticultural Journal. 14: 75-83. Nandpuri, K.S., J.C. Kumar, and G.S. Dhillon. 1975. Combining ability estimates in a set of top crosses in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Sch.). The Punjab Horticultural Journal. 15: 65-70. Rajendran, P.C. and S. Thamburaj. 1993. Heterosis in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb. Mansf.). The Madras Agricultural Journal. 80: 40-46. Rhodes, B.B. 1985. Comparison of inbred and hybrid watermelon cultivars. Annals of Applied Biology. 106: 174-175. Sachan, S.C.P. and P. Nath. 1976. Combining ability of some quantitative characters in 10 x 10 diallel crosses of watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology. 5: 65-79. Sanders, D.C. (ed.). 2001. Vegetable crop guidelines for the Southeastern US 2001-2002. North Carolina Vegetable Growers, Raleigh, North Carolina. Sidhu, A.S. and J.S. Brar. 1977. Heterosis and combining ability of yield and its components in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.). Journal of Research. 14: 52-58. Sidhu, A.S. and J.S. Brar. 1985. Genetic divergence and hybrid performance in watermelon. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 55: 459-461. Sidhu, A.S., J.S. Brar, and S.P.S. Gill. 1977a. Mode of inheritance and gene action for yield and its components in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf). Journal of Research of Punjab Agriculture University. 14: 419-422. Sidhu, A.S., J.S. Brar, and S.P.S. Gill. 1977b. Mode of inheritance of earliness and quality characters in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf). Journal of Research of Punjab Agriculture University. 14: 423-426. 70
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Abstract GUSMINI, GABRIELE. Inherit
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Biography Gabriele Gusmini was born
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Currently, Gabriele is planning his
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Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES...
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Germplasm and Crosses..............
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION LIST OF TABLES
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION LIST OF FIGURE
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HERITABILITY AND GENETIC VARIANCE E
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Brief History of Watermelon Breedin
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absence of trichomes on the leaves
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The genetics of the flesh color in
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The primary nematode species attack
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1975), but no gene has been found f
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Henderson, W.R., G.H. Scott, and T.
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Shimotsuma, M. 1963. Cytogenetical
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Table 1. Watermelon cultivars with
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2. Cultivar Allsweet, releas
Page 35 and 36: Figure 4. Watermelon seeds size: 1
Page 37 and 38: Introduction The inheritance of rin
Page 39 and 40: stripes. In his study, Shimotsuma c
Page 41 and 42: Diamond'), GG mm = mottled dark gre
Page 43 and 44: Shimotsuma, M. 1963. Cytogenetical
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2. Cultivars Japan 6 and Chi
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4. Cultivars Crimson Sweet (
Page 49 and 50: Abstract The watermelon [Citrullus
Page 51 and 52: The rind (skin) colors and patterns
Page 53 and 54: two hybrids are the original canary
Page 55 and 56: Names and symbols for new genes pro
Page 57 and 58: Salmon Yellow and Red Flesh During
Page 59 and 60: During our experiments we did not f
Page 61 and 62: Poole, C.F. and P.C. Grimball. 1945
Page 63 and 64: Table 2. Single locus goodness-of-f
Page 69 and 70: Table 6. Continued. z Generation To
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1. Intermittent stripes in '
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3. Moons and stars induced o
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5. Examples of unexpected fl
Page 77 and 78: Abstract High yield is a major goal
Page 79 and 80: States appears to be narrow, with m
Page 81 and 82: y using only two replications from
Page 83: value=0.0001), indicating that cult
Page 87 and 88: Table 1. Analysis of variance (degr
Page 89 and 90: Table 2. Continued. Yield z Fruit s
Page 91 and 92: Table 2. Continued. Yield z Fruit s
Page 93 and 94: w L/D = length/diameter ratio measu
Page 95 and 96: Abstract The cultivated watermelon
Page 97 and 98: dominance, and epistatic effects we
Page 99 and 100: thumped (Maynard, 2001). Weights we
Page 101 and 102: The giant-fruited parents had a lar
Page 103 and 104: Literature Cited Brar, J.S. and K.S
Page 105 and 106: Table 1. Phenotypic variances by ge
Page 107 and 108: Table 2. Variance and heritability
Page 109 and 110: t h 2 n = narrow-sense heritability
Page 111 and 112: Table 3. Continued. Effective Facto
Page 113 and 114: Figure 1. Each of the three cultiva
Page 115 and 116: CHAPTER FIVE HERITABILITY AND GENET
Page 117 and 118: fungus that is seed-borne (Lee et a
Page 119 and 120: the technique described herein. Pyc
Page 121 and 122: 9 = plant dead. Plants with a disea
Page 123 and 124: The possible gain from selection pe
Page 125 and 126: Based on our data, Norton may not h
Page 127 and 128: Gusmini, G., T.C. Wehner, and G.J.
Page 129 and 130: Sherbakoff, C.C. 1917. Some importa
Page 133 and 134: Table 1. Continued. z Generation To
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w Expected was the hypothesized seg
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on leaves only; 5 = some leaves dea
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on leaves only; 5 = some leaves dea
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z Data are ratings from four famili
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CHAPTER SIX PRELIMINARY STUDY OF MO
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fungus that is seed-borne (Lee et a
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approach was successful in assembli
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subculture on artificial medium bas
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We extracted DNA using an extractio
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products using the Genescan ® -500
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(DNA/Polysaccharides) and 260/280 (
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Future Research Based on our prelim
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Gusmini, G., T.L. Ellington, and T.
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Perin, C., L.S. Hagen, V. De Conto,
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Table 2. Analysis of variance for t
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029 v 1 . 3 3 . . 3 4 3 3 . . . + B
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Table 3. Continued. 071 v 1 3 . 3 4
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Table 3. Continued. 113 2 4 5 5 4 3
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Table 3. Continued. 155 2 4 5 4 . 4
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Page 175 and 176:
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Figure 1. Agarose gel electrophores
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1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 + + + + + + +
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The genetics of rind color (or patt
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were not successful, even though se
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Breeding Methods Traits of interest
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alternative to biotechnology and te
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The solution to these problems is n
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Cucurbit Gene List Committee. 1979.
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Henderson, W.R., G.H. Scott, and T.
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Matthews, P. (ed.). 1993. The guinn
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Provvidenti, R. 1991. Inheritance o
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Souza, F.F.d., M.A.d. Queiroz, and
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Wright, S. 1968. The genetics of qu
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