Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai - Cucurbit Breeding ...

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The number of effective factors varied from two to seven at Clinton, with the exception of the family 'Cobbs Gem' × 'NH Midget' that had 25 estimated effective factors, and the family 'Weeks NC Giant' × 'Minilee' that had less than one (Table 3). At Kinston, the range of estimates was larger, but this may depend on the higher variability and lower mean weights recorded at that location. These estimates should be considered only indicative and possibly biased by undetermined dominance and epistatic effects. The possible gain from selection was largely different among families, even when they shared a common parent (Table 3). For example, data from Clinton predicted a possible gain in families from 'Carolina Cross #183' × 'Petite Sweet' of 9.9 to 14.6 kg, and of 0.4 to 3.0 kg in the two other crosses. In addition, the predicted gain differed more for some families than others among locations, due to the high variability in additive variance estimates. Based on our experiments, it should be possible to vary the size of watermelon fruit in few generations of selection, with greater changes under high selection intensities (4.9 kg predicted at k = 5%). Breeding schemes that would allow high recombination rates may help in combining all the effective factors needed to obtain a desired fruit weight and break unfavorable linkages. Recurrent selection for population improvement seems to be a valid breeding method, even though lower gain per cycle would be obtained, due to the lower selection intensity (typically equal to 20%). Recurrent selection programs in watermelon would require large isolated intercrossing blocks, due to the large size of the plants. The environmental variation and the generally intermediate to low heritability observed for this trait may require self pollination of the half-sib families and trialing in progeny rows at multiple locations for effective selection. In addition, it may be easier to introgress desired qualitative traits into breeding lines of desired fruit weight by pedigree or backcross breeding, rather than trying to change the fruit weight of otherwise acceptable cultivars. Our study showed limited potential to reduce fruit weight in watermelon. Low heritability, quantitative inheritance, and high environmental variance are important limiting factors that may greatly reduce the realized gain from selection in populations of cultivated watermelon. 87
Literature Cited Brar, J.S. and K.S. Nandpuri. 1974. Inheritance of fruit weight in water-melon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.]. Journal of Research, P.A.S. 11: 140-144. Cucurbit Gene List Committee. 1979. New genes for the Cucurbitaceae. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report. 2: 49-53. Cucurbit Gene List Committee. 1982. Update of cucurbit gene list and nomenclature rules. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report. 5: 62-66. Dudley, J.W. and R.H. Moll. 1969. Interpretation and use of estimates of heritability and genetic variances in plant breeding. Crop Science. 9: 257-262. Gusmini, G. and T.C. Wehner. 2004. Cultivar suitable for watermelon rind pickles. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report. In press. Hallauer, A.R. and J.B. Miranda. 1988. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. Henderson, W.R. 1991. Gene list for watermelon. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report. 14: 129-138. Henderson, W.R. 1992. Corrigenda to 1991 watermelon gene list (CGC 14:129-137). Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report. 15: 110. Holland, J.B., W.E. Nyquist, and C.T. Cervantes-Martinez. 2003. Estimating and interpreting heritability for plant breeding: an update. Plant Breeding Reviews. 22: 9-113. Lande, R. 1981. The minimum number of genes contributing to quantitative variation between and within populations. Genetics. 99: 541-553. Mather, K. and J.L. Jinks. 1982. Biometrical genetics. The study of continuous variation. Chapman and Hall, London, NY. Matthews, P. (ed.). 1993. The guinness book of records. Facts on File, New York, NY. Maynard, D.N. (ed.). 2001. Watermelons. Characteristics, production, and marketing. ASHS Press, Alexandria, Virginia. Molinar, R. and S. Mueller. 2004. Mini "Personal" watermelon variety trial - 2003:1-6. 88
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Abstract GUSMINI, GABRIELE. Inherit
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Biography Gabriele Gusmini was born
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Currently, Gabriele is planning his
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Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES...
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Germplasm and Crosses..............
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION LIST OF TABLES
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION LIST OF FIGURE
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HERITABILITY AND GENETIC VARIANCE E
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Brief History of Watermelon Breedin
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absence of trichomes on the leaves
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The genetics of the flesh color in
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The primary nematode species attack
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1975), but no gene has been found f
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Henderson, W.R., G.H. Scott, and T.
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Shimotsuma, M. 1963. Cytogenetical
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Table 1. Watermelon cultivars with
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Figure 2. Cultivar Allsweet, releas
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Figure 4. Watermelon seeds size: 1
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Introduction The inheritance of rin
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stripes. In his study, Shimotsuma c
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Diamond'), GG mm = mottled dark gre
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Shimotsuma, M. 1963. Cytogenetical
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Figure 2. Cultivars Japan 6 and Chi
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Figure 4. Cultivars Crimson Sweet (
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Abstract The watermelon [Citrullus
Page 51 and 52: The rind (skin) colors and patterns
Page 53 and 54: two hybrids are the original canary
Page 55 and 56: Names and symbols for new genes pro
Page 57 and 58: Salmon Yellow and Red Flesh During
Page 59 and 60: During our experiments we did not f
Page 61 and 62: Poole, C.F. and P.C. Grimball. 1945
Page 63 and 64: Table 2. Single locus goodness-of-f
Page 69 and 70: Table 6. Continued. z Generation To
Page 71 and 72: Figure 1. Intermittent stripes in '
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3. Moons and stars induced o
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5. Examples of unexpected fl
Page 77 and 78: Abstract High yield is a major goal
Page 79 and 80: States appears to be narrow, with m
Page 81 and 82: y using only two replications from
Page 83 and 84: value=0.0001), indicating that cult
Page 85 and 86: Levi, A., C.E. Thomas, A.P. Keinath
Page 87 and 88: Table 1. Analysis of variance (degr
Page 89 and 90: Table 2. Continued. Yield z Fruit s
Page 91 and 92: Table 2. Continued. Yield z Fruit s
Page 93 and 94: w L/D = length/diameter ratio measu
Page 95 and 96: Abstract The cultivated watermelon
Page 97 and 98: dominance, and epistatic effects we
Page 99 and 100: thumped (Maynard, 2001). Weights we
Page 101: The giant-fruited parents had a lar
Page 105 and 106: Table 1. Phenotypic variances by ge
Page 107 and 108: Table 2. Variance and heritability
Page 109 and 110: t h 2 n = narrow-sense heritability
Page 111 and 112: Table 3. Continued. Effective Facto
Page 113 and 114: Figure 1. Each of the three cultiva
Page 115 and 116: CHAPTER FIVE HERITABILITY AND GENET
Page 117 and 118: fungus that is seed-borne (Lee et a
Page 119 and 120: the technique described herein. Pyc
Page 121 and 122: 9 = plant dead. Plants with a disea
Page 123 and 124: The possible gain from selection pe
Page 125 and 126: Based on our data, Norton may not h
Page 127 and 128: Gusmini, G., T.C. Wehner, and G.J.
Page 129 and 130: Sherbakoff, C.C. 1917. Some importa
Page 133 and 134: Table 1. Continued. z Generation To
Page 135 and 136: w Expected was the hypothesized seg
Page 137 and 138: on leaves only; 5 = some leaves dea
Page 139 and 140: on leaves only; 5 = some leaves dea
Page 141 and 142: z Data are ratings from four famili
Page 143 and 144: CHAPTER SIX PRELIMINARY STUDY OF MO
Page 145 and 146: fungus that is seed-borne (Lee et a
Page 147 and 148: approach was successful in assembli
Page 149 and 150: subculture on artificial medium bas
Page 151 and 152: We extracted DNA using an extractio
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products using the Genescan ® -500
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(DNA/Polysaccharides) and 260/280 (
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Future Research Based on our prelim
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Gusmini, G., T.L. Ellington, and T.
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Perin, C., L.S. Hagen, V. De Conto,
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Table 2. Analysis of variance for t
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029 v 1 . 3 3 . . 3 4 3 3 . . . + B
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Table 3. Continued. 071 v 1 3 . 3 4
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Table 3. Continued. 113 2 4 5 5 4 3
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Table 3. Continued. 155 2 4 5 4 . 4
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Page 175 and 176:
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Figure 1. Agarose gel electrophores
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1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 + + + + + + +
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The genetics of rind color (or patt
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were not successful, even though se
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Breeding Methods Traits of interest
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alternative to biotechnology and te
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The solution to these problems is n
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Cucurbit Gene List Committee. 1979.
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Henderson, W.R., G.H. Scott, and T.
Page 195 and 196:
Matthews, P. (ed.). 1993. The guinn
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Provvidenti, R. 1991. Inheritance o
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Souza, F.F.d., M.A.d. Queiroz, and
Page 201:
Wright, S. 1968. The genetics of qu
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