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Input supply The Agricultural Input Corporation (AIC) was responsible for supplying inputs to the district headquarters while the cooperative societies and AIC dealers were responsible for the villages. However, timely supply of the required amount and types of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides was always difficult. Pumdi Bhumdi was no exception. There was one AIC dealer to sell the inputs for cash, but irregular and insufficient supply of inputs was common. Marketing There was no established marketing system for agricultural products in the area. However, the government-owned Dairy Develop~nent Corporation has a milk collection center at Puindi Bhumdi. Therefore, farmers can sell their fresh milk directly to this center for cash. The farmers have to find their own markets for other commodities. Links among farmers, the site coordinator, and other related institnt ions The FSP at Pulndi Bhumdi sought to develop strong links with its line agencies at the district level to provide FSR-based technical support. Table 16 su~nmarizes the links between the Pumdi Bhumdi FSR site and the ADO, the Livestock Research Farm, the Horticulture Research Farm, the District Forest Office (DFO), ADB, AIC, the Lumle Agriculture Research Center (LARC) , and the cooperative. The ADO provided resource persons to train the farmers, participated in working group meetings and the Salnuhik Bhraman (multidisciplinary team visits), and shared the responsibility of disseminating FSR-based technologies to other areas of the district. The livestock and horticulture research farms had strong coordination with the FSR program at Pumdi Bhu~ndi in the area of technical support. They provided test materials for on-farm research in livestock, fodder, forages, and vegetables. The DFO, ADB, and the cooperatives had weak links with the Pumdi Bhulndi FSR site. The involvement of AIC in the FSR was limited to the supply of inputs through a dealer in the area. Coordination with LARC was n~aintained by the exchange of ~nformation on research findings, meetings, and visits. The FSR site office was active in identifying farm problems and in solving these through close coordination with the different institutions in the district (Table 17). Among the institutions, ADO acted as the extension catalyst between farmers and the FSR program. The linkage between the ADO and the farmers was close because the ADO is responsible for dissemination of FSR-based technologies. AS an
extension agency in the district, the ADO played a vital role in strengthening the FSR program and was aware of the importance of on-farm research. The livestock services center at Pumdi Bhumdi was responsible for the supply of fodder saplings, forage seeds, and primary health care for the animals. In these areas, there was good understanding among the farmers, the livestock service center, and the FSR site coordinator. Finally, the FSR site coordinator and the farmers developed a close working relationship and effective links and collaboration. These factors contributed to the positive impact of the FSR-recommended technologies on farmers in Pumdi Bhumdi. Constraints to adoption of FSR-recommended technologies The major problems in the adoption of FSR-recommended technologies were the unavailability and untimely supply of inputs and lack of money to purchase the inputs (Table 18). Other problems included were: more labor was required to adopt the recommended cropping patterns and cultural practices; the late maturity and low palatability of the recommended varieties (especially maize); more seed was required for the improved varieties than for the local varieties; and there were more diseases and insect problems during storage (especially maize and potatoes). The majority of the control farmers reported that they did not have enough technical knowledge of the recommended practices because they had no ready access to the information. To acquire more knowledge on the recommended technology, they had to visit the FSR site office. However, because of inadequate time during the peak periods, they did not have the time to visit the FSR site office. Some other constraints identified at the site were: m The main climatic constraints to increased cropping intensity were occasional drought and frequent hail storms. H Limited technology was available for most of the crops (e.g., hill crops, grain legumes, fruits, and vegetables) for on-farm testing which limited the alternatives available to the farmers. ¤ Climatic constraints (hail and drought) have rnade agricult~lre risky in this region; therefore, farmers were hesitant to make larger investments in crops (e.g., use chemical fertilizers or pesticides).
Page 1 and 2:
IRRl DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 15
Page 3 and 4:
RECEIVED I RECU .- r b :'.i!~atlon
Page 5 and 6: Welcome address S .P.R. Weerasinghe
Page 7 and 8: Welcome Address S. P. R. Weerasingh
Page 9 and 10: Opening Comments After 15 yr of far
Page 11 and 12: increased as well, but only nlargin
Page 13 and 14: esult in high incomes for farmers,
Page 15 and 16: Investor concerns Usually investors
Page 17 and 18: WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES This workshop i
Page 19 and 20: Rice is the major food crop and die
Page 21 and 22: esource use and productivity varies
Page 23 and 24: Determination of ado,)tion factors
Page 25 and 26: number of active family members per
Page 27 and 28: At both sites, more than 73% of the
Page 29 and 30: Hossain A M, Nur-E-Elahi, Nazrul I
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Crop varietal sequence sco
Page 33 and 34: Table 4. Correlation illatsix used
Page 35 and 36: - Table 6. Socioeconomic characteri
Page 37 and 38: Table 8. Extent of adoption and ave
Page 39 and 40: Table 10. Resource use and producti
Page 41 and 42: Table 12. Extent of adoption and di
Page 43 and 44: Table 14. Summary of per hectare ca
Page 45 and 46: IRlPACT OF FARMING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
Page 47 and 48: new information collected during FS
Page 49 and 50: average family owns seven heads of
Page 51 and 52: H Horticulture. To have a more regu
Page 53 and 54: improved varieties require higher l
Page 55: The types of the training provided
Page 59 and 60: m Extension and other production-su
Page 61 and 62: Table 3. Farm characteristics of th
Page 63 and 64: Table 6. Farm practices and product
Page 65 and 66: Table 8. Major crops, crop varietie
Page 67 and 68: Table 10. Production and use of mil
Page 69 and 70: Table 13. Major problems and constr
Page 71 and 72: Table 15. Training undergone by the
Page 73 and 74: Table 17. Links between farmers and
Page 75 and 76: ----l CROP SUBSYSlLM rnurt L OTT tb
Page 77 and 78: West Java provincial le~el BACKGROU
Page 79 and 80: OBJECTIVES The specific objectives
Page 81 and 82: Labor requirement Labor requirement
Page 83 and 84: system models. This indicated that
Page 85 and 86: Unit prices for all items were obta
Page 87 and 88: Price elasticity. The demand for al
Page 89 and 90: district fishery extension services
Page 91 and 92: Table 2. Production of freshwater f
Page 93 and 94: Table 4. Level of inputs used in ea
Page 95 and 96: Table 6. Labor requirement for each
Page 97 and 98: able 8. Income analysis of each FS
Page 99 and 100: Table 10. Nonfood expenditure patte
Page 101 and 102: Table 12. The value of assets (IRP
Page 103 and 104: Table 15. Nonfood expenditure patte
Page 105 and 106: Table 17. Elasticities of food comm
Page 107 and 108:
l Oct k Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Page 109 and 110:
From 1980 to 1986, the Integrated R
Page 111 and 112:
THE 1'\VO ;MATURE TECHNOLOGIES Dire
Page 113 and 114:
Conceptual framework STUDY METHODS
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Tai. Mungbean was introduced in Dok
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Land preparation for rice. The reac
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price of mungbean was high, some fa
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manufacturers. The earlier models (
Page 123 and 124:
Net farm income per household The a
Page 125 and 126:
that although adopters were better
Page 127 and 128:
W It produced a good stand of rice
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Table l. The promising technologies
Page 131 and 132:
Table 3. Mungbean before rice areas
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Table 5. Number of farm households
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Table 7. Area planted to mungbean,
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Table 9. Area planted to mungbean,
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Table 11. Area under dry seeded ric
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continued.. . Table 12. Socioeconom
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continued.. . Table 12. Socioeconom
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l~ndicative figures only. '~ature t
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composition, increases in income ca
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not be captured if the criteria for
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crops (rice, maize, and mungbean) a
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The explanatory Lwiable, nitrogen (
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of the ratio of actual intake and r
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Farming Systems Research and Extens
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Table 3. Input levels and productiv
Page 161 and 162:
Table 5. Comparison of annual house
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Table 7. Comparison of annual nonfo
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Table 9. Comparison of percentage p
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Table 11. Log-linear models of impa
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INSTITUTIONALIZING THE FARILIIIVG S
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agricultural production system by i
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In the midwest plain, where there a
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Varietal irnprovernent. This compon
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solutions to problems under the bas
Page 179 and 180:
Table 2. Rice farming systems in Ca
Page 181 and 182:
Table 5. Component-technology studi
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Wangwacharachul (1984) examined the
Page 185 and 186:
household basis on an income and ex
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first crop. In 1989-90, the adopter
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Nonfarm expenses constituted the bu
Page 191 and 192:
Herbicide is essential for DSR. How
Page 193 and 194:
o The classification of farmers on
Page 195 and 196:
Table 1. List of \,ariables idc~l~l
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Table 3. Conlparison of cash flow o
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Table 5. Level of input use for the
Page 201 and 202:
Table 7. Production elasticities of
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FROXl GREEN REVOLUTION TO FARhlING
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ainfed areas. The RIARS project app
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stability and sustainability. 1nsti
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o Limited feedback at all levels. A
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Table l. Chronological sequcnce of
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Table l. Chronological sequence of
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Impact studies A number of studies
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some simple statistical tests to as
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assets). Patterns of food consumpti
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Production functions for first-seas
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and nonadopters indicate that there
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E~zdowr~tcnt of l~ouselrol~f assets
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variety, inadequate attention was p
Page 229 and 230:
Table 1. Farming system research si
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Table 4. Comparison of levels of in
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Table-6. Compariso~i of le\.els of
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Table 9. Estimated production funct
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Table 11. Factor shares of first-se
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Table 13. Factor slirlres of third-
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Table 15. Endownlent of farm assets
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IAIPACT ASSESShlEhT OF FARMING SYST
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Depending on the adequacy of rainfa
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Demograpllic cllaractehtics. The co
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The major farm implements owned by
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Effect of RWCS on household cash fl
Page 253 and 254:
Table 1. Average cash expenses per
Page 255 and 256:
Table 5. Selected clia~~acteristics
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Table 7. Comparative pcrforinance o
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hiem bers Discussion and Recommenda
Page 261 and 262:
Guideline 4: FSR impact projects sh
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hlem bers o The need to improve doc
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Members what is right depends on po
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Decentralization and farming system
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o More program and less project fun
Page 271 and 272:
Bangladesh Mr. RaGqul Islam Banglad
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Dr. N.F.C. Ranawecru Di\ision of .-
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CFTSSF CLSU CSD CSSAC CVIADP CVRP-I
Page 277 and 278:
PIADP PCA PCARRD PHARLAP PSC PTA RA
Page 279 and 280:
Production Team Editor : Michael Gr
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