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Performance of RFYCS compared with rice-based cropping systems In 1989-90, the study farmers planted 4 rice-based cropping patterns (i.e., RWCS, rice - rice, rice - fallow, and fallow - rice). However, in 1990-91, the only cropping patterns used were rice - rice and fallow - rice. The change in cropping pattern was a result of the restoration of the irrigation system during the later part of the second crop. The adopters planted a larger area to rice-based cropping systems than the nonadopters. In 1990-91, adopters planted the rice - rice cropping pattern on an average of 2 ha; the nonadopters allocated 1 ha. However, in 1989-90, nonadopters planted a larger area to the rice - rice cropping pattern than the adopters (Table 7). On average, adopters obtained higher yields of rice and higher net returns than nonadopters. The nonadopters had higher input costs primarily because they had to pay rent for the land. The costs (up to P3 1,353/ha) associated with waternlelon were purchased labor and material inputs. Contract labor wages varied depending on the net returns from the production of watermelon. The labor-contractor was paid 50% of net returns. In 1990-91, only two farmers practiced the fallow - rice cropping system in Laot. They gained a return above variable cost (RAVC) of P22,333. Contribution of R\VCS to household income and expenditures The adopters appeared to have more diverse sources of income. They posted a higher income from both farm and nonfarm sources. Farm income was derived mainly from the sales of rice, watermelon, coconut, and livestock. It contributed about 37-88% to the household income of adopters and 3549% for nonadopters in 1990. The cultivation of watermelon contributed at least 21% to the household income of adopters and rice sales contributed a maximum of 37% (Table 8). Nonadopters apparently depended on the sale of rice, coconut, livestocl
Effect of RWCS on household cash flow Monthly cash-flow analysis included the farm and nonfarm economic activities of the household. Positive net cash flows were observed for all adopters except one, whereas, nonadopters had negative net cash flows. The favorable net cash flows of the adopters was attributed to the income gained from the production of watermelon. An improvement in the cash inflow was observed during April 1990 from the sale of watermelon and in November 1990 because of the high yield of rice. The case of Ka Arturo To illustrate the adoption of the RWCS and its impact on the pattern of resource transfer among farm enterprises, the case of Ka Arturo was selected. He planted 0.60 ha using the RWCS in 1959-90. From this cropping pattern, he harvested 1.6 t of rice (value P7,200) and 5.8 t of watermelon (P32,000). The value of production from the RWCS represented about 40% of the total value of his farm produce. In 1990, he earned approximately P20,000 from rice sales. About 44% of the gross receipt was spent on household requirements, 20% on the production of rice, and 20% on livestock production. About P400 were spent on watermelon production. The expenditure on the production of watermelon included the share paid to the labor-contractor. Income from sales of watermelon was distributed as 27% for household expenditure, 71% for watern~elon production, and the rest for livestock production. At the whole-farm level, Ka Arturo had diverse sources of income. Sale of crops and livestock appeared to be the dominant source. Children contributed about 7% to the total household income. Proceeds from his informal credit financed about 20% of his household expenditure. This case suggests that the integration of watermelon cultivrltion in the farming system contributed enormously to overall resource use, income, and expenditure of the household. However, it appears that watermelon can only be a second alternative crop to rice. When conditions became favorable for rice, priority was given to the cultivation of a second crop of rice.
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IRRl DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 15
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RECEIVED I RECU .- r b :'.i!~atlon
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Welcome address S .P.R. Weerasinghe
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Welcome Address S. P. R. Weerasingh
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Opening Comments After 15 yr of far
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increased as well, but only nlargin
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esult in high incomes for farmers,
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Investor concerns Usually investors
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WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES This workshop i
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Rice is the major food crop and die
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esource use and productivity varies
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Determination of ado,)tion factors
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number of active family members per
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At both sites, more than 73% of the
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Hossain A M, Nur-E-Elahi, Nazrul I
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Table 2. Crop varietal sequence sco
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Table 4. Correlation illatsix used
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- Table 6. Socioeconomic characteri
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Table 8. Extent of adoption and ave
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Table 10. Resource use and producti
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Table 12. Extent of adoption and di
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Table 14. Summary of per hectare ca
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IRlPACT OF FARMING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
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new information collected during FS
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average family owns seven heads of
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H Horticulture. To have a more regu
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improved varieties require higher l
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The types of the training provided
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extension agency in the district, t
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m Extension and other production-su
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Table 3. Farm characteristics of th
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Table 6. Farm practices and product
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Table 8. Major crops, crop varietie
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Table 10. Production and use of mil
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Table 13. Major problems and constr
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Table 15. Training undergone by the
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Table 17. Links between farmers and
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----l CROP SUBSYSlLM rnurt L OTT tb
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West Java provincial le~el BACKGROU
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OBJECTIVES The specific objectives
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Labor requirement Labor requirement
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system models. This indicated that
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Unit prices for all items were obta
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Price elasticity. The demand for al
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district fishery extension services
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Table 2. Production of freshwater f
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Table 4. Level of inputs used in ea
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Table 6. Labor requirement for each
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able 8. Income analysis of each FS
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Table 10. Nonfood expenditure patte
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Table 12. The value of assets (IRP
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Table 15. Nonfood expenditure patte
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Table 17. Elasticities of food comm
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l Oct k Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
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From 1980 to 1986, the Integrated R
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THE 1'\VO ;MATURE TECHNOLOGIES Dire
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Conceptual framework STUDY METHODS
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Tai. Mungbean was introduced in Dok
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Land preparation for rice. The reac
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price of mungbean was high, some fa
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manufacturers. The earlier models (
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Net farm income per household The a
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that although adopters were better
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W It produced a good stand of rice
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Table l. The promising technologies
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Table 3. Mungbean before rice areas
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Table 5. Number of farm households
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Table 7. Area planted to mungbean,
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Table 9. Area planted to mungbean,
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Table 11. Area under dry seeded ric
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continued.. . Table 12. Socioeconom
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continued.. . Table 12. Socioeconom
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l~ndicative figures only. '~ature t
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composition, increases in income ca
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not be captured if the criteria for
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crops (rice, maize, and mungbean) a
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The explanatory Lwiable, nitrogen (
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of the ratio of actual intake and r
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Farming Systems Research and Extens
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Table 3. Input levels and productiv
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Table 5. Comparison of annual house
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Table 7. Comparison of annual nonfo
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Table 9. Comparison of percentage p
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Table 11. Log-linear models of impa
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INSTITUTIONALIZING THE FARILIIIVG S
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agricultural production system by i
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In the midwest plain, where there a
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Varietal irnprovernent. This compon
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solutions to problems under the bas
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Table 2. Rice farming systems in Ca
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Table 5. Component-technology studi
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Wangwacharachul (1984) examined the
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household basis on an income and ex
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first crop. In 1989-90, the adopter
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Nonfarm expenses constituted the bu
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Herbicide is essential for DSR. How
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o The classification of farmers on
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Table 1. List of \,ariables idc~l~l
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Table 3. Conlparison of cash flow o
Page 199 and 200: Table 5. Level of input use for the
Page 201 and 202: Table 7. Production elasticities of
Page 203 and 204: FROXl GREEN REVOLUTION TO FARhlING
Page 205 and 206: ainfed areas. The RIARS project app
Page 207 and 208: stability and sustainability. 1nsti
Page 209 and 210: o Limited feedback at all levels. A
Page 211 and 212: Table l. Chronological sequcnce of
Page 213 and 214: Table l. Chronological sequence of
Page 215 and 216: Impact studies A number of studies
Page 217 and 218: some simple statistical tests to as
Page 219 and 220: assets). Patterns of food consumpti
Page 221 and 222: Production functions for first-seas
Page 223 and 224: and nonadopters indicate that there
Page 225 and 226: E~zdowr~tcnt of l~ouselrol~f assets
Page 227 and 228: variety, inadequate attention was p
Page 229 and 230: Table 1. Farming system research si
Page 231 and 232: Table 4. Comparison of levels of in
Page 233 and 234: Table-6. Compariso~i of le\.els of
Page 235 and 236: Table 9. Estimated production funct
Page 237 and 238: Table 11. Factor shares of first-se
Page 239 and 240: Table 13. Factor slirlres of third-
Page 241 and 242: Table 15. Endownlent of farm assets
Page 243 and 244: IAIPACT ASSESShlEhT OF FARMING SYST
Page 245 and 246: Depending on the adequacy of rainfa
Page 247 and 248: Demograpllic cllaractehtics. The co
Page 249: The major farm implements owned by
Page 253 and 254: Table 1. Average cash expenses per
Page 255 and 256: Table 5. Selected clia~~acteristics
Page 257 and 258: Table 7. Comparative pcrforinance o
Page 259 and 260: hiem bers Discussion and Recommenda
Page 261 and 262: Guideline 4: FSR impact projects sh
Page 263 and 264: hlem bers o The need to improve doc
Page 265 and 266: Members what is right depends on po
Page 267 and 268: Decentralization and farming system
Page 269 and 270: o More program and less project fun
Page 271 and 272: Bangladesh Mr. RaGqul Islam Banglad
Page 273 and 274: Dr. N.F.C. Ranawecru Di\ision of .-
Page 275 and 276: CFTSSF CLSU CSD CSSAC CVIADP CVRP-I
Page 277 and 278: PIADP PCA PCARRD PHARLAP PSC PTA RA
Page 279 and 280: Production Team Editor : Michael Gr
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