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A comparison of costs and returns on a per hectare basis for crop years
1987-88 and 1988-89 showed that despite the h~gh production cost incurred by
nonadopters, the adopters had lower net benefits compared to the nonadopters
because of lower production (Table 3). However, in 1989-90, the adopters gained a
little more than the nonadopters, but the difference was not significant.
Farm household income and expenditure
Household income and expenditures can be classified according to the source of
income and nature of expenses. Sources of income are classified as those derived
from farm and nonfarm sources. Expenditures are classified accordin to farm and
nonfarm expenditures. Farm income includes income from the sale o k rice, livestock,
and roduce from the home garden. Nonfarrn income includes income derived from
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non arm activities and remittances from children. Farm expenditures are related to
expenses in crop and animal production. Nonfarm expenditures include those
related to food, basic household items, health, education, and other social
obligations.
There was a marked difference in the monthljl incomes of adopters and
nonadopters. Nonadopters had a higher monthly farm income in 7 mo within a
period of 11 mo (May 1987-Mar 1988). A higher farm income was observed among
the nonadopters in October because of an increase in rice sales. A similar trend was
observed in 198889 when the nonadopters had higher farm income in 6 mo within a
period of 11 mo (Jun 1988-Apr 1989).
A comparison of the cash and noncash incomes of adopters and nonadopters
showed that adopters had a substantial amount of noncash income particularly in
the months of June, July, and November. Noncash income, however, was not very
substantial during the preceding year. Total annual cash income was similar for
adopters and nonadopters. However, the pattern of monthly cash inflow varied.
Adopters had a relatively stable monthly cash inflow from August 1987 to February
1988 (Table 3).
After September 1987, cash inflow was mainly derived from the sale of rice.
For nonadopters, rice sales contributed to household income from October 1987 to
May 1988. During a period of 12 1110, income from the sale of rice contributed 38%
to the household income of adopters and 3770 to the household income of
nonadopters.
In 1988-89, the total cash inflows were almost the same as in the previous
year. A peak occurred in December 1988 for both adopters and nonadopters.
Among the nonadopters, rice sales contributed about 50% to the household income
in October. Within a period of 11 mo, rice sales contributed about 24% to the
household income of adopters and 37% to the income of nonadopters.