systems research - the IDRC Digital Library - International ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Phayao Technology: three rice-based crops; two upland-based crops; two rice-based crops; and one stabilization crop. Cropping patterns: onion - rice - soybean; mungbean - rice soybean; sweet corn - rice - soybean; mungbean - rice - wheat; mungbean - rice - potato; mungbean - rice; corn/sorghum - mungbean; and direct seeded rice. Sukhothai Technology: three cotton-based crops; two cotton-based crops; and two soybean- based crops. Cropping patterns: soybean - cotton - blackgram multiple cropping; soybean - cotton relay cropping; sesame - soybean - sorghum; and baby corn - soybean - sorghum. Technology: two cassava-based crops; two rice-based crops; and one stabilization crop. Cropping patterns: cassava + peanut intercropping; jute - rice; and stabilization of cassava production through alley cropping and rotation cropping. Crop-livestock integration (Phayao, Mahasarakham) Technology: feed substitution for pigs; feed substitution for cattle; and feed mixing at village level. Implementation: use of by-products (rice bran, broken rice, corn, leafy vegetables, and water plants) as partial substitutes for commercial feeds for fattening pigs and cattle; and introduction of feed mixing equipment in the village. When the project ended in 1986, the direct seeded rice and mungbean - rice systems were considered mature technologies. In addition, there were four technologies at the multilocation testing stage and 29 at the on-farm trial stage. Four technologies were returned to the research station for further study. Seven promising technologies were believed to be relevant to smallholders in rainfed areas. The technologies and their areas are summarized in Table 1.
THE 1'\VO ;MATURE TECHNOLOGIES Direct (dry) seeded rice (DSR) and mungbean before rice were mature technolog~es that u ~re adopted on a large scale because they were simple and easy to practice. DSR was recommended for areas where rainfall was unreliable (e.g., in the northeast and in amphoe Dok Kham Tai, Phayao). Land preparation for DSR starts as soon as there is adequate rainfall. Rice seeds should be coated with irisecticide to prevent insect damage before germination. Seeding should be done in June-July in the northern areas and in August-September in the southern areas. The rice varieties should be drought- tolerant and appropriate to local rainfall patterns. A mechanical seeder is recommended to facilitate weeding and other cultural operations. To support this recommendation, the project, through the Agricultural Engineering Division, developed l-row to 4-row mechanical seeders. Because manual labor was required to operate these machines, farmers thought the task would be difficult. Therefore, they resorted to draft animals but had little success. Finally, small tractors Lvere used to pull the seeder, and this was received with a fair degree of acceptability. Preemergence herbicides and chemical fertilizers were also recommended. In the northern area, where conditions are drier, farmers failed to grow a good crop of transplanted rice (TPR) in about 2 out of every 3-4 yr. In this situation, DSR would have a positive impact because farmers would not need to wait for hea\y rains to establish the rice. Furthermore, DSR can withstand drought better than transplanted rice toward the end of the rainy season because of its early establishment and maturity. The estimated gross margin from DSR was about THB1940lha using the recommended levels of inputs. The cost of inputs for DSR is less than for TPR. Direct seeded rice ivas more stable than TPR in rainfed areas. At amphoe (district) Dok Kham Tai, Phayao, where the cost of labor during rice transplanting was high. DSR was Inore profitable (UNDP/FAO 1986). hlungbean before rice was designed to capture early season soil moisture and to supplement farm income. hlungbean can be established before either TPR or DSR, depending on local rainfall patterns. Land preparation for mungbean inust be done immediately after the onset of the wet season, i.e., in late April or early May. Seeding should be done immediately after land preparation using the same mechanical seeders used in DSR. However, the size of the slots must be adjusted (Suvanchinda et al 1980). The reconlmended mungbean varieties are Utong 1, VC 1178, Kampaengsaen 1, and Kampaengsaen 2. Utong 1, howei~er, had more problems than the other varieties. The yield of Utong 1 decreased whenever the field was waterlogged. It also had more than one flowering and pod-setting period, which prolonged the harvest, increased labor for harvesting, and delayed the next crop. For all varieties, insecticide application was recommended whenever necessary; however, fertilizer was not needed.
Page 1 and 2:
IRRl DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 15
Page 3 and 4:
RECEIVED I RECU .- r b :'.i!~atlon
Page 5 and 6:
Welcome address S .P.R. Weerasinghe
Page 7 and 8:
Welcome Address S. P. R. Weerasingh
Page 9 and 10:
Opening Comments After 15 yr of far
Page 11 and 12:
increased as well, but only nlargin
Page 13 and 14:
esult in high incomes for farmers,
Page 15 and 16:
Investor concerns Usually investors
Page 17 and 18:
WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES This workshop i
Page 19 and 20:
Rice is the major food crop and die
Page 21 and 22:
esource use and productivity varies
Page 23 and 24:
Determination of ado,)tion factors
Page 25 and 26:
number of active family members per
Page 27 and 28:
At both sites, more than 73% of the
Page 29 and 30:
Hossain A M, Nur-E-Elahi, Nazrul I
Page 31 and 32:
Table 2. Crop varietal sequence sco
Page 33 and 34:
Table 4. Correlation illatsix used
Page 35 and 36:
- Table 6. Socioeconomic characteri
Page 37 and 38:
Table 8. Extent of adoption and ave
Page 39 and 40:
Table 10. Resource use and producti
Page 41 and 42:
Table 12. Extent of adoption and di
Page 43 and 44:
Table 14. Summary of per hectare ca
Page 45 and 46:
IRlPACT OF FARMING SYSTEMS RESEARCH
Page 47 and 48:
new information collected during FS
Page 49 and 50:
average family owns seven heads of
Page 51 and 52:
H Horticulture. To have a more regu
Page 53 and 54:
improved varieties require higher l
Page 55 and 56:
The types of the training provided
Page 57 and 58:
extension agency in the district, t
Page 59 and 60: m Extension and other production-su
Page 61 and 62: Table 3. Farm characteristics of th
Page 63 and 64: Table 6. Farm practices and product
Page 65 and 66: Table 8. Major crops, crop varietie
Page 67 and 68: Table 10. Production and use of mil
Page 69 and 70: Table 13. Major problems and constr
Page 71 and 72: Table 15. Training undergone by the
Page 73 and 74: Table 17. Links between farmers and
Page 75 and 76: ----l CROP SUBSYSlLM rnurt L OTT tb
Page 77 and 78: West Java provincial le~el BACKGROU
Page 79 and 80: OBJECTIVES The specific objectives
Page 81 and 82: Labor requirement Labor requirement
Page 83 and 84: system models. This indicated that
Page 85 and 86: Unit prices for all items were obta
Page 87 and 88: Price elasticity. The demand for al
Page 89 and 90: district fishery extension services
Page 91 and 92: Table 2. Production of freshwater f
Page 93 and 94: Table 4. Level of inputs used in ea
Page 95 and 96: Table 6. Labor requirement for each
Page 97 and 98: able 8. Income analysis of each FS
Page 99 and 100: Table 10. Nonfood expenditure patte
Page 101 and 102: Table 12. The value of assets (IRP
Page 103 and 104: Table 15. Nonfood expenditure patte
Page 105 and 106: Table 17. Elasticities of food comm
Page 107 and 108: l Oct k Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Page 109: From 1980 to 1986, the Integrated R
Page 113 and 114: Conceptual framework STUDY METHODS
Page 115 and 116: Tai. Mungbean was introduced in Dok
Page 117 and 118: Land preparation for rice. The reac
Page 119 and 120: price of mungbean was high, some fa
Page 121 and 122: manufacturers. The earlier models (
Page 123 and 124: Net farm income per household The a
Page 125 and 126: that although adopters were better
Page 127 and 128: W It produced a good stand of rice
Page 129 and 130: Table l. The promising technologies
Page 131 and 132: Table 3. Mungbean before rice areas
Page 133 and 134: Table 5. Number of farm households
Page 135 and 136: Table 7. Area planted to mungbean,
Page 137 and 138: Table 9. Area planted to mungbean,
Page 139 and 140: Table 11. Area under dry seeded ric
Page 141 and 142: continued.. . Table 12. Socioeconom
Page 143 and 144: continued.. . Table 12. Socioeconom
Page 145 and 146: l~ndicative figures only. '~ature t
Page 147 and 148: composition, increases in income ca
Page 149 and 150: not be captured if the criteria for
Page 151 and 152: crops (rice, maize, and mungbean) a
Page 153 and 154: The explanatory Lwiable, nitrogen (
Page 155 and 156: of the ratio of actual intake and r
Page 157 and 158: Farming Systems Research and Extens
Page 159 and 160: Table 3. Input levels and productiv
Page 161 and 162:
Table 5. Comparison of annual house
Page 163 and 164:
Table 7. Comparison of annual nonfo
Page 165 and 166:
Table 9. Comparison of percentage p
Page 167 and 168:
Table 11. Log-linear models of impa
Page 169 and 170:
INSTITUTIONALIZING THE FARILIIIVG S
Page 171 and 172:
agricultural production system by i
Page 173 and 174:
In the midwest plain, where there a
Page 175 and 176:
Varietal irnprovernent. This compon
Page 177 and 178:
solutions to problems under the bas
Page 179 and 180:
Table 2. Rice farming systems in Ca
Page 181 and 182:
Table 5. Component-technology studi
Page 183 and 184:
Wangwacharachul (1984) examined the
Page 185 and 186:
household basis on an income and ex
Page 187 and 188:
first crop. In 1989-90, the adopter
Page 189 and 190:
Nonfarm expenses constituted the bu
Page 191 and 192:
Herbicide is essential for DSR. How
Page 193 and 194:
o The classification of farmers on
Page 195 and 196:
Table 1. List of \,ariables idc~l~l
Page 197 and 198:
Table 3. Conlparison of cash flow o
Page 199 and 200:
Table 5. Level of input use for the
Page 201 and 202:
Table 7. Production elasticities of
Page 203 and 204:
FROXl GREEN REVOLUTION TO FARhlING
Page 205 and 206:
ainfed areas. The RIARS project app
Page 207 and 208:
stability and sustainability. 1nsti
Page 209 and 210:
o Limited feedback at all levels. A
Page 211 and 212:
Table l. Chronological sequcnce of
Page 213 and 214:
Table l. Chronological sequence of
Page 215 and 216:
Impact studies A number of studies
Page 217 and 218:
some simple statistical tests to as
Page 219 and 220:
assets). Patterns of food consumpti
Page 221 and 222:
Production functions for first-seas
Page 223 and 224:
and nonadopters indicate that there
Page 225 and 226:
E~zdowr~tcnt of l~ouselrol~f assets
Page 227 and 228:
variety, inadequate attention was p
Page 229 and 230:
Table 1. Farming system research si
Page 231 and 232:
Table 4. Comparison of levels of in
Page 233 and 234:
Table-6. Compariso~i of le\.els of
Page 235 and 236:
Table 9. Estimated production funct
Page 237 and 238:
Table 11. Factor shares of first-se
Page 239 and 240:
Table 13. Factor slirlres of third-
Page 241 and 242:
Table 15. Endownlent of farm assets
Page 243 and 244:
IAIPACT ASSESShlEhT OF FARMING SYST
Page 245 and 246:
Depending on the adequacy of rainfa
Page 247 and 248:
Demograpllic cllaractehtics. The co
Page 249 and 250:
The major farm implements owned by
Page 251 and 252:
Effect of RWCS on household cash fl
Page 253 and 254:
Table 1. Average cash expenses per
Page 255 and 256:
Table 5. Selected clia~~acteristics
Page 257 and 258:
Table 7. Comparative pcrforinance o
Page 259 and 260:
hiem bers Discussion and Recommenda
Page 261 and 262:
Guideline 4: FSR impact projects sh
Page 263 and 264:
hlem bers o The need to improve doc
Page 265 and 266:
Members what is right depends on po
Page 267 and 268:
Decentralization and farming system
Page 269 and 270:
o More program and less project fun
Page 271 and 272:
Bangladesh Mr. RaGqul Islam Banglad
Page 273 and 274:
Dr. N.F.C. Ranawecru Di\ision of .-
Page 275 and 276:
CFTSSF CLSU CSD CSSAC CVIADP CVRP-I
Page 277 and 278:
PIADP PCA PCARRD PHARLAP PSC PTA RA
Page 279 and 280:
Production Team Editor : Michael Gr
show all

systems research - the IDRC Digital Library - International ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?