standardization of records keeping in indian zoos - Central Zoo ...
standardization of records keeping in indian zoos - Central Zoo ... standardization of records keeping in indian zoos - Central Zoo ...
as the neck or under the wing can be selected instead. The area of the PIT tag implantation should be properly recorded and mentioned in the animal history sheet. As the PIT tags cannot provide instant recognition of the bird it should be used in combination with other marking system. Discussion Uses of dyes and ultraviolet markers, nasal discs and saddles, web tags etc are other methods for marking birds. These methods are unsuitable for use in zoos as dyes and ultraviolet markers only provide temporary identification to the birds and as for nasal discs and saddles various undesirable results have been reported, including high rates of marker loss, often with injury to the nares (Sherwood 1966), higher mortality rates attributed to entanglement with submerged vegetation (Sugden and Poston 1968) and reduced success in obtaining mates (Koob 1981).Visual identification of a web tagged waterfowl is impossible. A PIT tag in combination with other markers suitable for the specific species by far seems to be the best method for marking birds/ pheasants for identification. 6. MARKING OF AMPHIBIANS FOR IDENTIFICATION NEW TECHNIQUES 6.1 VISIBLE IMPLANT FLOURESCENT ELASTOMER (VIE) Amphibians are difficult to mark or individually identify. Their small size, sensitive and slippery skin, subtlety of their markings and the ability of the caudates and anurans to regenerate all contribute to these difficulties. A. VIE tagging system is bio- compatible and consists of two elastomer materials (color elastomer and curing agent) which are mixed at a 1:10 ratio. After mixing, the liquid elastomer material can be placed into a 0.3cc syringes and kept in a freezer to slow hardening, which occurs within 24 hours at room temperature. The 0.3cc syringes are used to inject the elastomer pigment into the animals. B. A total of six fluorescent colors (red, green, orange yellow, blue and pink) that fluoresce with the VI Light and four color that do not fluoresce (white, purple, brown and black) are available. Detection of fluorescent tags is greatly enhanced by using VI Light. Furthermore, colors green and yellow are difficult to distinguish in UV light thus either green or yellow should be used for each plot. In order to mark animals uniquely, fluorescent colors have to be combined with different tag locations (behind the front legs or in front of the hind legs or, if possible, in the legs itself). An injection into the legs shows up extremely well. Before and after injection, the syringe should be cleaned with an alcohol wipe to reduce the likelihood of infections. After marking tags should be checked for visibility using a hand held UV light and remarked if necessary. No anesthesia is needed. 58
Picture 22: Marking position in a salamander Picture 23:This frog tagged as a tadpole retained it‟s VIE tags through metamorphosis. Photo courtesy of S. Hopkins Picture 24: Photo courtesy K. Kendall, Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division Some amphibians lack septa between the skin and underlying tissue. VIE tags injected into these animalscan therefore migrate from the original tagginglocation, making it impossible to use those tagginglocations to create individual codes. In such cases, the use of Visible Implant Alpha tags is recommended. Representatives of all the following families have been successfully tagged with VIE; Amphibians Ambystomatidae Ascaphidae Caeciliidae – caecelians Hylidae – tree frogs 59
- Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary The present repor
- Page 9 and 10: ISIS started in 1973 with 51 zoos i
- Page 11 and 12: ACCESSION NUMBER Accession No.= Loc
- Page 13 and 14: used only if you decide to add the
- Page 15 and 16: DEACCESSION - The process by which
- Page 17 and 18: B. KEEPER’S DIARY Most of the zoo
- Page 19 and 20: Name of the Zoo- Keeper ___________
- Page 21 and 22: Recommended Daily Report with ficti
- Page 23 and 24: Note: a) Date of Birth - if the ani
- Page 25 and 26: Recommended studbook to be maintain
- Page 27 and 28: Picture1: Cabinets for holding Medi
- Page 29 and 30: ANIMAL VACCINATION CARD Species- Ho
- Page 31 and 32: ANIMAL DEWORMING CARD Species- Hous
- Page 33 and 34: ___________________________________
- Page 35 and 36: - Survey/questionnaires - Keeper Re
- Page 37 and 38: Unfortunately it doesn‟t exist. T
- Page 39 and 40: individual. Photographs are well su
- Page 41 and 42: applied with pliers that flatten a
- Page 43 and 44: may be easier to read but the ink w
- Page 45 and 46: IV. Tag loss is primarily attribute
- Page 47 and 48: ensure even contact (uneven contact
- Page 49 and 50: Cow 2-10 weeks 10 secs Macpherson a
- Page 51 and 52: Since ear tags do occasionally come
- Page 53 and 54: Picture 14: American Oyatercatcher
- Page 55 and 56: onto the marker. Commercial cattle
- Page 57: Picture 21: Neck collars on waterfo
- Page 61 and 62: should never be involved in the cod
- Page 63 and 64: glue helps to ensure that the PIT t
- Page 65 and 66: 7.3 FREEZE BRANDING Freeze branding
- Page 67 and 68: Picture 30: Photo Id in Sand Lizard
- Page 69 and 70: Figure4: Ventral scale clipping sys
- Page 71 and 72: Buckmeier and Irwin (2000) found th
- Page 73 and 74: Picture 38 Advantages of VIE tags
- Page 75 and 76: 8.3 Natural Differences The most co
- Page 77 and 78: Laboratories, Phoenix, USA), a liqu
- Page 79 and 80: Annexure I Local ID # Common Name &
- Page 81 and 82: Annexure III Keeper’s Diary The f
- Page 83 and 84: Annexure IV Daily Report __________
- Page 85 and 86: Observation Sheet Date Observation
- Page 87 and 88: Annexure VII A Recommended Medical
- Page 89 and 90: Annexure VII C STOOL EXAMINATION CA
- Page 91 and 92: Date Annexure VII E ANIMAL TRANQUIL
- Page 93 and 94: LITERATURE CITED Aldrich, J.W. and
Picture 22: Mark<strong>in</strong>g position <strong>in</strong> a salamander<br />
Picture 23:This frog tagged as a tadpole reta<strong>in</strong>ed it‟s VIE tags through metamorphosis. Photo courtesy<br />
<strong>of</strong> S. Hopk<strong>in</strong>s<br />
Picture 24: Photo courtesy K. Kendall, Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division<br />
Some amphibians lack septa between the sk<strong>in</strong> and underly<strong>in</strong>g tissue. VIE tags <strong>in</strong>jected <strong>in</strong>to<br />
these animalscan therefore migrate from the orig<strong>in</strong>al tagg<strong>in</strong>glocation, mak<strong>in</strong>g it impossible to<br />
use those tagg<strong>in</strong>glocations to create <strong>in</strong>dividual codes. In such cases, the use <strong>of</strong> Visible Implant<br />
Alpha tags is recommended.<br />
Representatives <strong>of</strong> all the follow<strong>in</strong>g families have been successfully tagged with VIE;<br />
Amphibians<br />
Ambystomatidae<br />
Ascaphidae<br />
Caeciliidae – caecelians<br />
Hylidae – tree frogs<br />
59
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