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to determine seed size for the long, medium, and short classes (ll SS for long, LL SS for medium, and LL ss or ll ss for short). The tomato seed size was studied in a cross between a 'Sugar Baby' mutant with tomato seed size and 'GN-1', with short seeds. The tomato seed size trait was inherited as a single recessive gene (ts) (58). The interaction of ts with l and s has not been described so far. In addition, a gene (Ti), dominant over medium seeds, has been described for the so-called "tiny" seed-size in 'Sweet Princess' (50). Tiny seeds have size similar to small seeds (Fig. 2). The main colors of watermelon seeds are white, tan, brown, black, red, green, and dotted (24). In addition, seeds may have lighter or darker margins (ring), or may be covered by an additional layer of fleshy pericarp in Egusi cultivars, as controlled by the eg gene (Fig. 1) (12, 13). The genes r, t, and w determine seed color. Black is given by triple dominant; mottled is homozygous recessive only for w; tan is homozygous recessive only for t; white with tan tip is homozygous recessive only for t and w; red is homozygous recessive only for r and t. Finally, triple recessive results in white seeds with pink tip (34). The dotted (renamed from mottled) seed type is determined by the d gene, acting as a modifier of black: RR TT WW DD gives solid black and RR TT WW dd gives dotted black seed-coat (20, 32, 34). Seeds of certain cultivars show vertical cracks (parallel to the longest axis of the seed) of the seed-coat, usually less than one mm wide and about 50-75% of the seed length. The development of these cracks has been determined to be under the genetic control of cr (1). It is not known if this phenotype has any advantage in germination and whether growers would perceive seeds with cracks as defective, compared to normal seeds. Other genes of minor interest to breeders have been studied and described, as reported in the current watermelon gene list (11). These include genes for green flower color (gf), golden leaf color (go), along with several genes coding for specific proteins. In addition, watermelon breeders have selected for many different characteristics, such as flesh color, rind pattern, plant architecture, and leaf shape, for which the inheritance is unknown so far. Efforts are under way to collect mutants for storage and distribution by the Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative watermelon gene curators (T.C. Wehner and S.R. King). Literature Cited 1. Abd el Hafez, A. A., A. K. Gaafer, and A. M. M. Allam. 1981. Inheritance of flesh colour, seed coat cracks and total soluble solids in watermelon and their genetic relations. I. Quantitative traits. Acta Agronomica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 30:82-86. 2. Abd el Hafez, A. A., A. K. Gaafer, and A. M. M. Allam. 1985. Inheritance of flesh colour, seed coat cracks and total soluble solids in watermelon and their genetic relations. II. Quantitative characters and the association between various characters. Acta Agronomica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 34:84-89. 3. Boyhan, G., J. D. Norton, and B. R. Abrahams. 1994. Screening for resistance to anthracnose (race 2), gummy stem blight, and root knot nematode in watermelon germplasm. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 17:106-110. 4. Brar, J. S., and K. S. Nandpuri. 1974. Inheritance of fruit weight in water-melon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.]. Journal of Research, Punjab Agricultural Service 11:140-144. 5. Brar, J. S., and K. S. Nandpuri. 1977. A note on the inheritance of total soluble solids in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Mansf.). Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences 6:193-195. 6. Brar, J. S., and A. S. Sidhu. 1977. Heterosis and combining ability of earliness and quality characters in 56 Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 28-29: 52-61 (2005-2006)
watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb. Mansf.). II. Journal of Research 14:272- 278. 7. Brar, J. S., and B. S. Sukhija. 1977. Line x tester analysis of combining ability in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Mansf]. Indian Journal of Horticulture 34:410-414. 8. Cucurbit Gene List Committee. 1979. New genes for the Cucurbitaceae. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 2:49-53. 9. Cucurbit Gene List Committee. 1982. Update of cucurbit gene list and nomenclature rules. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 5:62-66. 10. Gill, B. S., and J. C. Kumar. 1988. Combining ability analysis in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb. Mansf.). Indian Journal of Horticulture 45:104-109. 11. Guner, N., and T. C. Wehner. 2003. Gene list for watermelon. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 26:76-92. 12. Gusmini, G., R. L. Jarret, and T. C. Wehner. 2004. Inheritance of 'Egusi' seedtype in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus). Journal of Heredity 95:268-270. 13. Gusmini, G., and T. C. Wehner, All about watermelon - Egusi. 2003. 14. Henderson, W. R. 1991. Gene list for watermelon. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 14:129-138. 15. Henderson, W. R. 1992. Corrigenda to 1991 watermelon gene list (CGC 14:129- 137). Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 15:110. 16. Henderson, W. R., S. F. Jenkins, and J. O. Rawlings. 1970. The inheritance of Fusarium wilt resistance in watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. Proceedings of American Society for Horticultural Science 95:276-282. 17. Henderson, W. R., G. H. Scott, and T. C. Wehner. 1989. Inheritance of orange flesh color in watermelon. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 12:59-63. 18. Henderson, W. R., G. H. Scott, and T. C. Wehner. 1998. Interaction of flesh color genes in watermelon. Journal of Heredity 89:50-53. 19. Huang, H., X. Zhang, Z. Wei, Q. Li, and X. Li. 1998. Inheritance of male-sterility and dwarfism in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai]. Scientia Horticulturae 74:175-181. 20. Kanda, T. 1951. The inheritance of seedcoat colouring in the watermelon. Japanese Journal of Genetics 7:30-48. 21. Khandelwal, R. C., and P. Nath. 1978. Inheritance of resistance to fruit fly in watermelon. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 20:31-34. 22. Layton, D. V. 1937. The parasitism of Colletotrichum lagenarium (Pass.) Ells. and Halst. Iowa Agricultural Experimental Station Annual Bulletin 223:37-67. 23. Liu, P. B. W., and J. B. Loy. 1972. Inheritance and morphology of two dwarf mutants in watermelon. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science 97:745-748. 24. Maynard, D. N., ed. 2001. Watermelons. Characteristics, production, and marketing. I ed., Alexandria, Virginia: ASHS Press. 227 pp. 25. Mohr, H. C., and M. S. Sandhu. 1975. Inheritance and morphological traits of a double recessive dwarf in watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science 100:135-137. 26. Nandpuri, K. S., J. C. Kumar, and G. S. Dhillon. 1974. Heterosis in watermelon. The Punjab Horticultural Journal 14:75- 83. 27. Nandpuri, K. S., J. C. Kumar, and G. S. Dhillon. 1975. Combining ability estimates in a set of top crosses in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Sch.). The Punjab Horticultural Journal 15:65-70. 28. Norton, J. D. 1979. Inheritance of resistance to gummy stem blight caused by Didymella bryoniae in watermelon. HortScience 14:630-632. 29. Norton, J. D., G. Boyhan, D. A. Smith, and B. R. Abrahams. 1993. 'AU-Golden Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 28-29: 52-61 (2005-2006) 57
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Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative 28-29
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NEWS & COMMENT v 30th Annual CGC Bu
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30th Annual CGC Business Meeting (2
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and emerging problems facing the se
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• R.L. Hassell, J. Schultheis, W.
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Control of Cucumber Grey Mold by En
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Discussion: Microbial endophytes ar
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. The effects of endophytic
Page 19 and 20: Systemic Resistance against Sphaero
Page 21 and 22: Results: Systemic induced resistanc
Page 23 and 24: Table1. Effects of inducers on the
Page 25 and 26: on visual appearance, cavities appe
Page 27 and 28: Literature Cited: 1. Danin-Poleg, Y
Page 29 and 30: A Recessive Gene for Light Immature
Page 31 and 32: SNP Discovery and Mapping in Melon
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Genes associated with carb
Page 35 and 36: used to check the marker order. Map
Page 37 and 38: 0 130 0 40 8 1 OJ04.1000 OH03.500 O
Page 39 and 40: the >Deltex= x TGR1551 cross in the
Page 41 and 42: Number of F2 plants Number of F2 pl
Page 43 and 44: Mapping of QTL for Fruit Size and S
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Simple linear regression (
Page 47 and 48: Grafted Watermelon Stand Survival A
Page 49 and 50: ace, color, national origin, religi
Page 51 and 52: Rootstock Effects on Plant Vigor an
Page 53 and 54: Diann Baze and Dr. Benny Bruton for
Page 55 and 56: Pilot Survey Results to Prioritize
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Results of the research ne
Page 59 and 60: A New Male Sterile Mutant Identifie
Page 61 and 62: Spontaneous Mutant Showing Pale See
Page 63 and 64: Figure 1. Comparison of pale green
Page 65 and 66: Genetic resistance to insect pests
Page 67: dominance being the largest gene ef
Page 71 and 72: gourd and watermelon. Proceedings o
Page 73 and 74: Figure 2. Watermelon seed size: 1 =
Page 75 and 76: Literature Cited: 1. Molinar, R., a
Page 77 and 78: Figure 2. Cultivar Allsweet, releas
Page 79 and 80: hermaphrodita, Momordica charantia,
Page 81 and 82: local farmers. One has dark green f
Page 83 and 84: amplified in C. moschata and C. max
Page 85 and 86: Inheritance of Yellow Seedling Leth
Page 87 and 88: Another Relationship between Stem a
Page 89 and 90: Diversity within Cucurbita maxima a
Page 91 and 92: Precocious Yellow Rind Color in Cuc
Page 93 and 94: Contrary to what has been reported
Page 95 and 96: Figure 1. Range of mature fruit col
Page 97 and 98: Results: A total of 176 PI accessio
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Sample size (n) and mean (
Page 101 and 102: Figure 3. Fruit and seed of Cucumis
Page 103 and 104: Genetic Variability in Ascorbic Aci
Page 105 and 106: Table 1.Total carotenoid and ascorb
Page 107 and 108: PBOG 54, PBOG 61, PBOG 76, PBOG 117
Page 109 and 110: additive gene action in the inherit
Page 111 and 112: Components / proportions Internodal
Page 113 and 114: Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Repor
Page 115 and 116: Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Repor
Page 117 and 118: Gene List 2005 for Cucumber Todd C.
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that a single recessive gene mp was
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Jones, 1971a; Soans et al., 1973).
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CsP440s/E1, CsP221/H3, CsC625/E1, C
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ecombination values. Youngner (1952
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Zijlstra (1987) also determined tha
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co - green corolla. Green petals th
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observed. Fl - Fruit length. Expres
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m-2 h andromonoecious-2. Bisexual f
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susceptibility. Pm-h from 'Wis. SMR
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white (WfWf YfYf ): wf from 'NPI '
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library DNA fragment Jayabaskaran,
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AB026821 Seedling RNA Encoding IAA
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Cochran, F. D. 1938. Breeding cucum
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cDNA sequence and very early expres
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esistance and powdery mildew lysozy
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Pyzenkov, V. I. and G. A. Kosareva.
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Shiomi, S., M. Yamamoto, T. Ono, K.
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for bitterfree foliage in cucumber.
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Acp-1 APS-11, Ap-1 1 Acid phosphata
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Fom-2 Fom1.2 Fusarium oxysporum mel
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ud stage (in Bulgaria 7). ms-5 - ma
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Pm-7 - Powdery mildew resistance-7.
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Y - Yellow epicarp. Dominant to whi
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Cm-AO4 AF233594 Ascorbate oxidase A
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Cm-XTH2 DQ914795 Xyloglucan endotra
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to downy mildew in Cucumis melo PI
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58. Jagger, I.C., T.W. Whitaker and
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99. Périn, C., L.S. Hagen, V. de C
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140. Zink, F.W. 1986. Inheritance o
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Aboul-Nasr, M. Hossam. Dept. Hortic
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Interests: myrothecium stem canker
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& 724966; Interests: cucumber, melo
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Kuginuki, Yasuhisa. National Instit
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Email: lmerrick@iastate.edu; Ph: 51
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Randhawa, Lakhwinder. Sakata Seed A
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Thompson, Gary A. Univ. Arkansas LR
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Alabama Dane, F Arkansas Morelock,
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Peru Holle, M Philippines Beronilla
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ARTICLE IV. Election and Appointmen
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