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enhancement of levels of chitinase and beta- 1,3-glucanase in some plants, have been reported(2,3,10). However, the induction of systemic resistance to S. fuliginea by cell fragments of this fungus, however, has not been extensively investigated in cucumber. Therefore, the objectives of the research reported herein are to break the cells for releasing proteoglycan present in fungus cells, and to study the induced resistance in cucumber-Sphaerotheca fuliginea system. In the present paper, four different resistance inducers were compared for their potential effect against powdery mildew (S. fuliginea) infection: 1) the synthetic inducer BTH (BION®); 2) biotic agents cellular fragment (JZGP); 3) biotic agents produced after extraction of fermentation (JZG) from F. velutipes, and; 4) a biotic product (KDF). We provide evidence for the effectiveness of fungal cell fragment’s for inducing systemic protection against powdery mildew in cucumber plants. In addition, the levels of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase were investigated to evaluate their potential role in inducing systemic resistance against powdery mildew in the upper leaves of plants by foliar spray of fungal cell fragments. Materials and Methods: Pathogen. Sphaerotheca fuliginea was obtained from cucumber plants grown in greenhouse. Inoculum was obtained from freshly infected leaves on which the fungus was sporulating. Conidia were gently brushed into distilled water resulting in a conidial suspension. Company Ltd. The concentration of BTH used in the experiment was 75 g/ml. The KangDuFeng treatment was produced by the Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, China. Plants, inoculation, and induction of systemic resistance. Greenhouse grown cucumber plants ( Cucumis sativus L. cv. Youza 8) were employed for experimentation when the sixth-true leaf was fully expanded. Treatment with inducers was made by daubing the third leaf from bottom into each treatment solution. Six days later, the upper three leaves of the plants were inoculated with the pathogen by spraying the conidial suspension of S. fuliginea onto non-infected leaves. Control plants were treated with tap water by spraying. Each treatment had nine replicates, and disease incidence and index were recorded. Assay of enzyme activity. Sampling: The third cucumber leaf of each plant was treated with inducers JZGP, JZG, KDF and BTH. Control plants were treated with tap water. The 4th, 5th and 6th leaves were sampled at 2, 5, and 8 days after treatment and stored in refrigerator at -80°C for analysis. The extraction of enzyme solution, Inducers: For the JZGP solution, cell fragments of Flammulina velutipes (JZGP) was used at two concentrations (diluted with distilled water): 500 x and 1000 x. A solution of F. velutipes was designated JZG where a fermented solution was concentrated for about 1000 x as the base solution. The base solution was diluted 1000 x for experimentation. The benzothiadiazole (BTH, BION®) treatment was obtained from Novatis Agro-Chemistry preparation of colloidal chitin and detection of chitinase activity followed the methods of Boller(2). Total beta-1,3-glucanase activity was assayed by the method of Reuveni(8). For expression of chitinase, one unit of chitinase activity was defined as an amount capable of releasing 1 µg N- Acetylgucosamine (GlcNAc) from deacetyl glycol chitin in one hour, and was expressed as u g 8 Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 28-29: 7-11 (2005-2006) -1 fresh weight of tissue. The expression of beta-1,3-glucanase: was defined as the amount of enzyme required to release1µg glucose of reducing lamminarin in one minute, and is expressed herein as u g -1 fresh weight of tissue.
Results: Systemic induced resistance in cucumber seedlings. The upper leaves of cucumber seedlings were more resistant to the infection by S. fuliginea after being treated with different inducers on the third leaves (Table 1). Disease index and incidence were reduced greatly, showing significant difference from the control at P
Page 1 and 2: Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative 28-29
Page 3 and 4: NEWS & COMMENT v 30th Annual CGC Bu
Page 5 and 6: 30th Annual CGC Business Meeting (2
Page 7 and 8: and emerging problems facing the se
Page 9 and 10: • R.L. Hassell, J. Schultheis, W.
Page 13 and 14: Control of Cucumber Grey Mold by En
Page 15 and 16: Discussion: Microbial endophytes ar
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. The effects of endophytic
Page 19: Systemic Resistance against Sphaero
Page 23 and 24: Table1. Effects of inducers on the
Page 25 and 26: on visual appearance, cavities appe
Page 27 and 28: Literature Cited: 1. Danin-Poleg, Y
Page 29 and 30: A Recessive Gene for Light Immature
Page 31 and 32: SNP Discovery and Mapping in Melon
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Genes associated with carb
Page 35 and 36: used to check the marker order. Map
Page 37 and 38: 0 130 0 40 8 1 OJ04.1000 OH03.500 O
Page 39 and 40: the >Deltex= x TGR1551 cross in the
Page 41 and 42: Number of F2 plants Number of F2 pl
Page 43 and 44: Mapping of QTL for Fruit Size and S
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Simple linear regression (
Page 47 and 48: Grafted Watermelon Stand Survival A
Page 49 and 50: ace, color, national origin, religi
Page 51 and 52: Rootstock Effects on Plant Vigor an
Page 53 and 54: Diann Baze and Dr. Benny Bruton for
Page 55 and 56: Pilot Survey Results to Prioritize
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Results of the research ne
Page 59 and 60: A New Male Sterile Mutant Identifie
Page 61 and 62: Spontaneous Mutant Showing Pale See
Page 63 and 64: Figure 1. Comparison of pale green
Page 65 and 66: Genetic resistance to insect pests
Page 67 and 68: dominance being the largest gene ef
Page 69 and 70: watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thun
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gourd and watermelon. Proceedings o
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Figure 2. Watermelon seed size: 1 =
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Literature Cited: 1. Molinar, R., a
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Figure 2. Cultivar Allsweet, releas
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hermaphrodita, Momordica charantia,
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local farmers. One has dark green f
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amplified in C. moschata and C. max
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Inheritance of Yellow Seedling Leth
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Another Relationship between Stem a
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Diversity within Cucurbita maxima a
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Precocious Yellow Rind Color in Cuc
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Contrary to what has been reported
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Figure 1. Range of mature fruit col
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Results: A total of 176 PI accessio
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Table 1. Sample size (n) and mean (
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Figure 3. Fruit and seed of Cucumis
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Genetic Variability in Ascorbic Aci
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Table 1.Total carotenoid and ascorb
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PBOG 54, PBOG 61, PBOG 76, PBOG 117
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additive gene action in the inherit
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Components / proportions Internodal
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Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Repor
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Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Repor
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Gene List 2005 for Cucumber Todd C.
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that a single recessive gene mp was
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Jones, 1971a; Soans et al., 1973).
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CsP440s/E1, CsP221/H3, CsC625/E1, C
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ecombination values. Youngner (1952
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Zijlstra (1987) also determined tha
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co - green corolla. Green petals th
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observed. Fl - Fruit length. Expres
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m-2 h andromonoecious-2. Bisexual f
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susceptibility. Pm-h from 'Wis. SMR
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white (WfWf YfYf ): wf from 'NPI '
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library DNA fragment Jayabaskaran,
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AB026821 Seedling RNA Encoding IAA
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Cochran, F. D. 1938. Breeding cucum
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cDNA sequence and very early expres
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esistance and powdery mildew lysozy
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Pyzenkov, V. I. and G. A. Kosareva.
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Shiomi, S., M. Yamamoto, T. Ono, K.
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for bitterfree foliage in cucumber.
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Acp-1 APS-11, Ap-1 1 Acid phosphata
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Fom-2 Fom1.2 Fusarium oxysporum mel
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ud stage (in Bulgaria 7). ms-5 - ma
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Pm-7 - Powdery mildew resistance-7.
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Y - Yellow epicarp. Dominant to whi
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Cm-AO4 AF233594 Ascorbate oxidase A
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Cm-XTH2 DQ914795 Xyloglucan endotra
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to downy mildew in Cucumis melo PI
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58. Jagger, I.C., T.W. Whitaker and
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99. Périn, C., L.S. Hagen, V. de C
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140. Zink, F.W. 1986. Inheritance o
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Aboul-Nasr, M. Hossam. Dept. Hortic
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Interests: myrothecium stem canker
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& 724966; Interests: cucumber, melo
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Kuginuki, Yasuhisa. National Instit
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Email: lmerrick@iastate.edu; Ph: 51
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Randhawa, Lakhwinder. Sakata Seed A
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Thompson, Gary A. Univ. Arkansas LR
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Alabama Dane, F Arkansas Morelock,
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Peru Holle, M Philippines Beronilla
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ARTICLE IV. Election and Appointmen
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