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Antagonism in vitro. To evaluate the effects of culture filtrates on control of grey mold on leaves of cucumber, 6-mm-diameter callus from three-day-old cultures of Botrytis cinerea grown on PDA plates were cut off and then placed on cucumber leaves that had been previously sprayed with 2ml of the culture filtrates under serial dilutions of 1x, 10x, 20x, 50x, and 100x, with sterile distilled water as control. Then the leaves were placed in Petri dishes at 25°C. There were three replicate trials of ten leaves arranged in a completely randomizated design. The lesion diameter was recorded after four days. This experiment was repeated three times. The effects of liquid cultures on spore germination and germtube elongation of the pathogen were assessed in potato dextrose broth (PDB). One-hundred-microliter (100 µl) spores suspension of 5x10 6 spores ml -1 culture broth containing bacteria at 5x10 7 , 5x10 8 , 5x10 9 CFU/ml concentrations, and culture filtrates, plus sterile distilled water were added into 10 ml glass tubes containing 5 ml PDB. Then they were placed on a rotary shaker (140rpm) at 25 o C for 20h. No fewer than 100 spores were observed microscopically per replicate to record germination and germtube length. This experiment was repeated twice (6). The stability of culture filtrates. Twenty ml glass tubes that contained 10 ml culture filtrates were placed in water bathes for 20 min each at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C before experimentation. The pH of other culture broths were adjusted each at 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0 and 12.0 with HCl or NaOH. Subsequently, 6-mmdiameter callus from 3-day-old cultures of Botrytis cinerea on PDA plates were taken and placed on PDA plates which contained 1ml of culture broth containing bacteria of 5x10 9 CFU/ml, culture filtrates, sterile distilled water, and 20ml PDA. The lesion diameter was measured 96 h later. This experiment, containing three replications, was repeated three times. Results: The effect of culture filtrates against Botrytis cinerea on detached leaves of cucumber. Culture filtrates were effective in inhibiting the development of disease on detached leaves of cucumber (Table 1). The pathogen was controlled at the high concentrations, the inhibition rate of B12 and B13 were 83.2 (± 3.2) % and 81.4(± 3.1) %, respectively. Effect of B12 and B13 against Botrytis cinerea in vitro. Spore germination of Botrytis cinerea in PDB was significantly inhibited as the concentration of cultures broth increased (P
Discussion: Microbial endophytes are typically defined as microorganisms that are Literature Cited: detected after surface sterilization of a plant 1. Arnold, A. E., L. C. Mejía, D. Kyllo, E. part (7), and are assumed to originate from I. Rojas, Z. Maynard, N. Robbins and E. seed and/or the surrounding growing A. Herre. 2003. Fungal endophytes limit environment. Van Buren et al. (11) pathogen damage in a tropical tree. Proc demonstrated that 32% of 192 endophytic Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 15649-15654. bacterial strains isolated from potato stems 2. Bell, C. R., G. A. Dickie, W. L. G. exhibited biocontrol activity against the Harvey and J. W. Y. F. Chan. 1995. bacterial ring rot pathogen. Results of the Endophytic bacteria in grapevine. Can. J. present study showed that endophytic Microbiol. 41: 46–53. bacterial strains isolated from cucumber 3. Chelius, M. K., and E. W. Triplett. 2001. leaves can effectively control Botrytis The diversity of archaea and bacteria in cinerea, and that both of culture broth and association with the roots of Zea mays L. culture filtrate types examined were Microb. Ecol. 41: 252–263. effective in inhibiting the spore germination 4. Cho S. J., S. R. Park, M. K. Kim, W. J. and germtube elongation of B. cinerea. We Lim, S. K. Ryu, C. L. An, S. Y. Hong, agree with Reiter (8) that endophytes Y. H. Lee, S. G. Jeong, Y. U. Cho and represent a promising source of biocontrol H. D. Yun. 2002. Endophytic Bacillus strains, and that their use may be more sp. isolated from the interior of balloon successful than that of rhizosphere bacteria flower root. Biosci. Biotechnol. due to less competition with other bacteria Biochem. 66: 1270-1275. in the apoplast. 5. Crous, P. W., O.Petrini, G. F.Marais, Z. A. Pretorius and F. Rehder. 1995. Seghers et al. (10) demonstrated that Occurrence of fungal endophytes in agricultural practices significantly influence cultivars of Triticum aestivum in South certain populations of the root endophytic Africa. Mycoscience 36: 105-111. community. Results of Reiter et al. (8) 6. Droby, S., M. E. Wisniewski, L. Cohen, suggest that similar phylogenetic groups and B. Weiss, D. Touitou, Y. Eilam and E. genera, but different species and strains, Chalutz (1997). Influence of CaCl2 on were present in the different plant varieties. Penicillium digitatum, grapefruit peel Our preliminary investigation indicates that tissue, and biocontrol activity of Pichia differing cultivars might contain different guilliermondii. Phytopathology, 87: 310endophytic communities. Thus, biocontrol 315. mechanisms need further study. It is likely 7. Hallmann, J., A. QuadtHallmann, W. F. from such studies that the interactions Mahaffee and J. W. Kloepper. 1997. among plants, pathogens, and bacterial Bacterial endophytes in agricultural endophytic communities will be an active crops. Can. J. Microbiol. 43: 895–914. field of research in the future. 8. Reiter B., U. Pfeifer, H. Schwab and A. Sessitsch. 2002. Response of Endophytic Acknowledgements: Bacterial Communities in Potato Plants We wish to thank Dr. Jack E. Staub for his excellent reviewing and correction for our manuscript. This project was financially supported in part by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the University (No.200558) and the Yangling Foundation of Sci-Tch Development of Agriculture. to Infection with Erwinia carotovora subsp. Atroseptica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68: 2261– 2268. 9. Schulz, B., J. Sucker , H. J. Aust., K. Krohn , K. Ludewig, P. G. Jones and D. Doring. 1995. Biologically active secondary metabolites of endophytic Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report 28-29: 1-6 (2005-2006) 3
Page 1 and 2: Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative 28-29
Page 3 and 4: NEWS & COMMENT v 30th Annual CGC Bu
Page 5 and 6: 30th Annual CGC Business Meeting (2
Page 7 and 8: and emerging problems facing the se
Page 9 and 10: • R.L. Hassell, J. Schultheis, W.
Page 13: Control of Cucumber Grey Mold by En
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. The effects of endophytic
Page 19 and 20: Systemic Resistance against Sphaero
Page 21 and 22: Results: Systemic induced resistanc
Page 23 and 24: Table1. Effects of inducers on the
Page 25 and 26: on visual appearance, cavities appe
Page 27 and 28: Literature Cited: 1. Danin-Poleg, Y
Page 29 and 30: A Recessive Gene for Light Immature
Page 31 and 32: SNP Discovery and Mapping in Melon
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Genes associated with carb
Page 35 and 36: used to check the marker order. Map
Page 37 and 38: 0 130 0 40 8 1 OJ04.1000 OH03.500 O
Page 39 and 40: the >Deltex= x TGR1551 cross in the
Page 41 and 42: Number of F2 plants Number of F2 pl
Page 43 and 44: Mapping of QTL for Fruit Size and S
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Simple linear regression (
Page 47 and 48: Grafted Watermelon Stand Survival A
Page 49 and 50: ace, color, national origin, religi
Page 51 and 52: Rootstock Effects on Plant Vigor an
Page 53 and 54: Diann Baze and Dr. Benny Bruton for
Page 55 and 56: Pilot Survey Results to Prioritize
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Results of the research ne
Page 59 and 60: A New Male Sterile Mutant Identifie
Page 61 and 62: Spontaneous Mutant Showing Pale See
Page 63 and 64: Figure 1. Comparison of pale green
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Genetic resistance to insect pests
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dominance being the largest gene ef
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watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thun
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gourd and watermelon. Proceedings o
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Figure 2. Watermelon seed size: 1 =
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Literature Cited: 1. Molinar, R., a
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Figure 2. Cultivar Allsweet, releas
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hermaphrodita, Momordica charantia,
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local farmers. One has dark green f
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amplified in C. moschata and C. max
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Inheritance of Yellow Seedling Leth
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Another Relationship between Stem a
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Diversity within Cucurbita maxima a
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Precocious Yellow Rind Color in Cuc
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Contrary to what has been reported
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Figure 1. Range of mature fruit col
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Results: A total of 176 PI accessio
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Table 1. Sample size (n) and mean (
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Figure 3. Fruit and seed of Cucumis
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Genetic Variability in Ascorbic Aci
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Table 1.Total carotenoid and ascorb
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PBOG 54, PBOG 61, PBOG 76, PBOG 117
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additive gene action in the inherit
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Components / proportions Internodal
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Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Repor
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Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Repor
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Gene List 2005 for Cucumber Todd C.
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that a single recessive gene mp was
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Jones, 1971a; Soans et al., 1973).
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CsP440s/E1, CsP221/H3, CsC625/E1, C
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ecombination values. Youngner (1952
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Zijlstra (1987) also determined tha
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co - green corolla. Green petals th
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observed. Fl - Fruit length. Expres
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m-2 h andromonoecious-2. Bisexual f
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susceptibility. Pm-h from 'Wis. SMR
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white (WfWf YfYf ): wf from 'NPI '
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library DNA fragment Jayabaskaran,
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AB026821 Seedling RNA Encoding IAA
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Cochran, F. D. 1938. Breeding cucum
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cDNA sequence and very early expres
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esistance and powdery mildew lysozy
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Pyzenkov, V. I. and G. A. Kosareva.
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Shiomi, S., M. Yamamoto, T. Ono, K.
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for bitterfree foliage in cucumber.
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Acp-1 APS-11, Ap-1 1 Acid phosphata
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Fom-2 Fom1.2 Fusarium oxysporum mel
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ud stage (in Bulgaria 7). ms-5 - ma
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Pm-7 - Powdery mildew resistance-7.
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Y - Yellow epicarp. Dominant to whi
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Cm-AO4 AF233594 Ascorbate oxidase A
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Cm-XTH2 DQ914795 Xyloglucan endotra
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to downy mildew in Cucumis melo PI
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58. Jagger, I.C., T.W. Whitaker and
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99. Périn, C., L.S. Hagen, V. de C
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140. Zink, F.W. 1986. Inheritance o
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Aboul-Nasr, M. Hossam. Dept. Hortic
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Interests: myrothecium stem canker
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& 724966; Interests: cucumber, melo
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Kuginuki, Yasuhisa. National Instit
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Email: lmerrick@iastate.edu; Ph: 51
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Randhawa, Lakhwinder. Sakata Seed A
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Thompson, Gary A. Univ. Arkansas LR
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Alabama Dane, F Arkansas Morelock,
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Peru Holle, M Philippines Beronilla
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ARTICLE IV. Election and Appointmen
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