COMMUNITY ACTIVISM IN OAK PARK: COMPETING AGENDAS ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

space becomes symbolic in that it attracts people of a certain lifestyle to have a cultural, intellectual, or ethnic experience. The middle-class, or the producers of this space, have opportunities for determining which social classes will be able to participate in emerging strategies of urban rebirth (Zukin 1982:423). The producers of this space, such as urban planners, government representatives, business owners, and middle-class residents are able to make decisions in the neighborhood that are in their interest and in the interest of other “like- minded” residents. The middle-class often moves into working-class neighborhoods to enjoy the ethnic diversity and business owners, in return, also welcome and cater to them. Although these ideas associated with new urbanism, or smart growth, represent innovative approaches to urban planning in cities—smart growth and new urbanism produce social hierarchies at the local level. Ongoing debates over gentrification and the ‘reconquest’ of blighted neighborhoods are widely inflected by race and ethnicity, as well as class (Regis 2001:754). It is largely argued that gentrification is promoted by educated, Caucasian, middle-class residents and usually has negative effects on already marginalized ethnic minority groups. The connection and relationship between ethnicity and tourism is not a new observation. Currently, postmodern analyses of ethnic places argue that ethnic places are ‘manufactured,’ or produced, as much as they are ‘preserved,’ and conserved (Lin 1995:643). Ethnic “places” are areas where the production and consumption of the “ethnic experience” occurs and are conserved for their value as a commodity. 112
Ethnic entrepreneurs in American society often carve out an economic niche by showcasing ethnic culture (Lu and Fine 1995:535). The middle-class in low-income neighborhoods are often catered to because local businesses see them as “good business.” Middle-class residents living in urban areas will attend cultural events to seek an African- American, Latino, indigenous, or ethnic “experience.” In Oak Park, many middle-class residents will attend book signings at the African-American bookstore, attend African- American history flicks at the local theater, and eat at soul food restaurants in the neighborhood. 24 They seek a unique cultural experience that perhaps cannot be experienced elsewhere in the city. Public space in Oak Park is occupied and used not only by community groups, middle-class residents, and business owners. The perspectives of how lower-income and unemployed residents define their community are also revealed in the way they utilize public space. Although middle-class and lower-income residents live in the same community, these residents do not use or define their community similarly. They have different definitions of their community and experience their community differently. Lower-income residents use public space differently than the middle-class. Unlike the middle-class, the poor spend most of their leisure time hanging out in their neighborhood and attending community-based organizations and non-profit agencies to receive social services. Their daily activities consist of visiting friends and family in the neighborhood, hanging out at parks, meeting friends in front of liquor stores, waiting in line at non-profit organizations to receive resources, and visiting other social service agencies, such as health clinics and food stamp offices. In their daily routine, they form relationships in the 113
Page 1 and 2:
COMMUNITY ACTIVISM IN OAK PARK: COM
Page 3 and 4:
COMMUNITY ACTIVISM IN OAK PARK: COM
Page 5 and 6:
Abstract of COMMUNITY ACTIVISM IN O
Page 7 and 8:
DEDICATION For my parents Joe and I
Page 9 and 10:
I would also like to thank Joyce Bi
Page 11 and 12:
Neighborhood Association ..........
Page 13 and 14:
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION: STUDYING TH
Page 15 and 16:
different from themselves, they dis
Page 17 and 18:
known about the residents who are l
Page 19 and 20:
contested racialized images of thei
Page 21 and 22:
Although the anthropological litera
Page 23 and 24:
Research Focus The research site of
Page 25 and 26:
Association was also gaining attent
Page 27 and 28:
in city environments is exposed in
Page 29 and 30:
Moffat (1992:217) states, “if man
Page 31 and 32:
Choldin and Hanson (1981:562) defin
Page 33 and 34:
neighborhood. The neighborhood thus
Page 35 and 36:
the various definitions of “commu
Page 37 and 38:
The City Chapter 3 SETTING The city
Page 39 and 40:
stratified, selective, and distance
Page 41 and 42:
people living outside the neighborh
Page 43 and 44:
studies have demonstrated that reli
Page 45 and 46:
In 1889, the Oak Park Association s
Page 47 and 48:
edevelopment projects elsewhere in
Page 49 and 50:
een lured to Arts and Crafts style
Page 51 and 52:
ig black sunglasses, khakis, and a
Page 53 and 54:
poverty. They and their comrades wo
Page 55 and 56:
undesirable consequences; it can pr
Page 57 and 58:
aiding in the dilapidation of the c
Page 59 and 60:
Different types of social change in
Page 61 and 62:
groups that are political and produ
Page 63 and 64:
problems, events, and initiatives.
Page 65 and 66:
Pertinent to the Neighborhood Assoc
Page 67 and 68:
were to be the main participants in
Page 69 and 70:
members, students, and sympathetic
Page 71 and 72:
evitalization projects in the commu
Page 73 and 74: 1990:138). Likewise, “The mission
Page 75 and 76: eports of residents marching down t
Page 77 and 78: Altheide and Michalowski (1999:476)
Page 79 and 80: organizations is part of a broader
Page 81 and 82: hours of the day and night and resi
Page 83 and 84: At a particular Neighborhood Associ
Page 85 and 86: I think the city is trying to make
Page 87 and 88: community they began an onslaught o
Page 89 and 90: Rehabilitation programs would do a
Page 91 and 92: “neighborhood” as one where the
Page 93 and 94: were being made by middle-class res
Page 95 and 96: efreshments and appetizers and maki
Page 97 and 98: For three months I performed a vari
Page 99 and 100: and spent their time trying to recr
Page 101 and 102: Convention Center in downtown Sacra
Page 103 and 104: more than two decades we have oppos
Page 105 and 106: The surveys for the Women’s Needs
Page 107 and 108: these residents were also affected
Page 109 and 110: professor, who was also a Neighborh
Page 111 and 112: twenty other residents in May to ma
Page 113 and 114: Most community members felt the sch
Page 115 and 116: coordinated with community revitali
Page 117 and 118: you sure you want to live here? Jus
Page 119 and 120: the community but are able to view
Page 121 and 122: esidents have “rights to the city
Page 123: are activists and non-activists in
Page 127 and 128: such as milk, eggs, and toiletries,
Page 129 and 130: presence that would produce long-te
Page 131 and 132: eneficial to one group may not be b
Page 133 and 134: organizations conflict and tried to
Page 135 and 136: social stratification in the commun
Page 137 and 138: class does not view the lifeways of
Page 139 and 140: them. And the middle-class don’t
Page 141 and 142: in low-income neighborhoods. Among
Page 143 and 144: improve the quality of life for res
Page 145 and 146: NOTES 1 Neighborhood “revitalizat
Page 147 and 148: 20 The National Labor Federation (1
Page 149 and 150: Altheide, L. David and Michalowski,
Page 151 and 152: Boyd, Michelle Bridge, Gary 2005.
Page 153 and 154: Ertll, J. Randy 2008. “Celebratin
Page 155 and 156: Gupta, Akhil and Ferguson, James 19
Page 157 and 158: Jenkins, Timothy 1994. “Fieldwork
Page 159 and 160: Lee, A. Barrett, Spain, Daphne, and
Page 161 and 162: Marwell, P. Nicole 2004. “Privati
Page 163 and 164: Nylund, Katarina Oropesa, S. R 2001
Page 165 and 166: Rosenhall, Laurel 2005. “Charter
Page 167 and 168: Simpson, M.A. Lee 2004. Images of A
Page 169 and 170: Thacher, David 2001. “Conflicting
Page 171: Wolch, R. Jennifer 1980. “Residen
show all

COMMUNITY ACTIVISM IN OAK PARK: COMPETING AGENDAS ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?