national register nomination for boulevard park historic

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in neighborhoods that were once occupied by working class people. They conclude that the only defense against gentrification is the decommodification of housing, the assumption that housing and decent neighborhoods are a right, not a privilege. 42 Nan Ellin, architecture professor and urban theorist, took a different approach to the problem of gentrification in Postmodern Urbanism, and tied historic preservation more explicitly to gentrification. Ellin defines postmodern urbanism in this way: “Whereas modern urbanism emulated the machine to accommodate an industrial society, postmodern urbanism seeks inspiration from pre-industrial townscapes to accommodate a 43 post-industrial fabric.” Like writers in historic preservation, Ellin begins her study with the history of urban design theory in Europe. She describes the effects of gentrification and displacement of the poor in Paris in the postwar era, accompanied by new schools of 44 architecture that juxtaposed modern architecture with historic buildings. 42 Smith and Williams, Gentrification of the City, p. 222 43 Ellin, Nan, Postmodern Urbanism, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996 44 Ellin, Postmodern Urbanism, p. 46-50 American postmodern architecture had similar aims, but added elements of historic styles to modern buildings, juxtaposing styles within a structure instead of between adjacent structures. Like the urban historians, Ellin attributes the growth of historic preservation to the negative reaction to urban renewal. She explicitly connects historic preservation to gentrification by identifying the ways that both filled a common need for centeredness, nostalgia, and the revalorization of the industrial past. Like Hamer, she criticizes the 30
justification for historic preservation districts as corresponding to an idealized vision of the past to satisfy contemporary needs. Ellin also discusses gentrification in the retail sector, using examples like Faneuil Hall in Boston, Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, and South Street Seaport in New York as examples of gentrified retail districts replacing industrial uses, transforming former industrial job centers into retail job centers. 45 She also includes many subjects embraced by New Urbanist planners, seeking a return to historic modes of town planning, in the category of those using an idealized version of the past, not history, as the basis for their urban planning strategies. Attempts to recreate urban fabric based on urban forms change the meaning of historic artifacts by displacing them from their original context. These invented traditions become “hyperreal” environments, a pretense of historicism or preservation where a simulation of historic appearance can be promoted as better than the history or appearance of the actual neighborhood. Like Avila, she compares hyperreal simulations of historic environments to Disneyland, places where appearance matters more than reality. The rules and restrictions used to create hyperreal environments like Disneyland’s Main Street, or the limitations on modifications to historic districts, can become an imperialistic subtext, reinforcing hegemony in the name of preservation. 46 Responses to Gentrification: Books on Preservation Practice Given the grim picture of gentrification, and its associations with preservation, how can cities maintain working-class neighborhoods and preserve buildings and 45 Ellin, Postmodern Urbanism, p. 81-87 46 Ellin, Postmodern Urbanism, p. 162-177 31
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION FOR BO
Page 3 and 4: Student: William Anthony Burg I cer
Page 5 and 6: DEDICATION I dedicate this work to
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ......
Page 9 and 10: Preface Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Purp
Page 11 and 12: to hire a consultant to complete a
Page 13 and 14: creation, and guidance by colleague
Page 15 and 16: estrictions, Sanborn maps, plat map
Page 17 and 18: Historic context statements are a s
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Review
Page 21 and 22: planning is a distinct and separate
Page 23 and 24: transportation are strengthened, wi
Page 25 and 26: promoted early American preservatio
Page 27 and 28: horizontally expanding city. 23 As
Page 29 and 30: was very different from the percept
Page 31 and 32: for a return to the residential hot
Page 33 and 34: historic. This creates a hegemonic
Page 35 and 36: changes in property values often re
Page 37: gentrification: the gentrifiers wor
Page 41 and 42: almost entirely depopulated and reb
Page 43 and 44: preservation can work as an economi
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 3 FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATI
Page 47 and 48: Apartment buildings within the dist
Page 49 and 50: As time progressed, the five-cent s
Page 51 and 52: outward suburban growth of Sacramen
Page 53 and 54: Properly established historic conte
Page 55 and 56: APPENDIX A Maps of Boulevard Park D
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3: Boulevard Park National R
Page 59: APPENDIX B National Register letter
Page 62 and 63: 5. Classification Ownership of Prop
Page 64 and 65: Criteria Considerations (Mark "x" i
Page 66 and 67: inexpensive bungalows and cottages
Page 68 and 69: Narrative Description (Continued) B
Page 70 and 71: found in the district, moved from o
Page 72 and 73: Italianate Several buildings in the
Page 74 and 75: except on the enclosed porch (see b
Page 76 and 77: leading to a below-grade basement g
Page 78 and 79: 32. 304 21st Contributor This front
Page 80 and 81: window vent is located in the porch
Page 82 and 83: 52. 414 21st Contributor This Neocl
Page 84 and 85: panel of the door. Stairs are woode
Page 86 and 87: This is a modern International Styl
Page 88 and 89:
83. 615 21st Contributor This two-s
Page 90 and 91:
wooden piers. The porch cornice has
Page 92 and 93:
door has nine divided lights in a 3
Page 94 and 95:
This two-story foursquare building
Page 96 and 97:
porch. Siding is stucco except on t
Page 98 and 99:
The porch is supported by two large
Page 100 and 101:
within the context of the neighborh
Page 102 and 103:
150. 617 22nd Contributor This 1907
Page 104 and 105:
center. The second floor features a
Page 106 and 107:
169. 2001/2005 C Non-Contributor Th
Page 108 and 109:
gable ends. A full-width porch is l
Page 110 and 111:
190. 2001 D Contributor This 1925 o
Page 112 and 113:
front. Windows are double-hung wood
Page 114 and 115:
This 1929 Minimal Traditional cotta
Page 116 and 117:
This Neoclassic row house has a hip
Page 118 and 119:
110 of construction is prior to 191
Page 120 and 121:
240. 2009 F Contributor This one-an
Page 122 and 123:
y a single rectangular column of fa
Page 124 and 125:
modifications to the porch, this bu
Page 126 and 127:
This 1907 Classical Revival foursqu
Page 128 and 129:
afters, except for the rafter ends,
Page 130 and 131:
from the main building, extending a
Page 132 and 133:
piers atop rectangular brick piers.
Page 134 and 135:
convey its significance as an eleme
Page 136 and 137:
94 21st 717 C 003-0182-016-0000 95
Page 138 and 139:
198 D 2019 C 1909 003-0075-018-0000
Page 140 and 141:
21st/G-H 294 22nd/B_C C 1905 22nd/C
Page 142 and 143:
along H Street, terminating at East
Page 144 and 145:
22 miles away in Folsom, CA, was co
Page 146 and 147:
Progressive Reform and “City Beau
Page 148 and 149:
prominent features of both City Bea
Page 150 and 151:
As a Republican of this era, active
Page 152 and 153:
marked change in neighborhood compo
Page 154 and 155:
City of Sacramento, “Sacramento R
Page 156:
Schwarzer, Mitchell, “Myths of Pe
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