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V souèasnosti tvoøí velkou èást produkce osiva borovice kleèe semena s nízkou klíèivostí nebo semena zcela neklíèivá. Z tìchto dùvodù se experimentovalo s rùznými metodami stimulace klíèení, ale dosud se nerealizovalo jejich použití v praxi. Také se dosud neuskuteènily komplexní kvalitativní studie. Proto bylo cílem experimentu studovat vitalitu a rùzné kvalitativní analýzy semen i prùbìh klíèení ve vztahu k nadmoøské výšce. Výzkum se realizoval po dobu ètyø sezon na semenech z 19 jedincù a 19 lokalit Krkonoš (z nadmoøských výšek 1 100–1 530 m). Byly provádìny modifikované analýzy za úèelem zjištìní podílu plných semen a anomálií v jejich anatomické stavbì a také biochemické rozbory a zkoušky klíèivosti semen. Energie klíèení a klíèivost se vyhodnocovala statisticky. Získané údaje jsou shrnuty v tab. 1–8 a anomálie stavby a klíèících semen dokumentují obr. 1 a 2. Bìhem prvního roku pokusù byly u rùzných vzorkù semen zjištìny rozdílné údaje o jejich kvalitì. Anomálie klíèení dosáhly v prùbìhu zkoušek klíèivosti podílu až 8 %. Statisticky prùkazný vztah byl registrován mezi nadmoøskou výškou a podílem plných semen i mezi nadmoøskou výškou a energií klíèení a mezi nadmoøskou výškou a polyembryonií. Ve druhém roce šetøení dosahoval podíl polyembryonních semen vyšších hodnot. Anomálie v prùbìhu klíèení byly obdobné jako v první sezonì. V následujícím roce byly zjištìny obdobné údaje jako ve druhém roce experimentálního šetøení. Statisticky Corresponding author: prùkazný vztah byl evidentní mezi nadmoøskou výškou a biochemicky hodnocenou vitalitou semen, mezi nadmoøskou výškou a polyembryonií a mezi nadmoøskou výškou a klíèivostí. Výsledky kvalitativních analýz ètvrtého roku šetøení se pøíliš nelišily od jiných let. Byl opìt zjištìn statisticky prùkazný vztah mezi nadmoøskou výškou a podílem plných semen a také jinými ukazateli kvality – s výjimkou polyembryonie. Celý ètyøletý výzkum kvalitativních ukazatelù osiva borovice kleèe dokumentují rozdílné údaje sledovaných charakteristik; byl však zjištìn statisticky prùkazný vztah mezi nadmoøskou výškou a podílem plných semen. Studie dokumentuje specifické zmìny v kvalitì semen borovice kleèe z rùzných lokalit Krkonoš. Jsou zde zachyceny detailní biochemické a anatomické zmìny, ale také anomálie klíèících semen v prùbìhu zkoušek klíèivosti. Èasto byl registrován nekompletní vývin semen a polyembryonie. U nìkterých vzorkù èinil podíl nekompletnì vyvinutých semen až 100 % a výskyt polyembryonie mezi vzorky semen dosahoval až 8 %. Energie klíèení se pohybovala v intervalu 0–71 % a klíèivost mezi 0–99 %. Také byly zjištìny neobvyklé úkazy, kdy nìkterá semena klíèila zelenou èástí epikotylu. Veškeré tyto zmìny byly registrovány u semen ze stejných jedincù bìhem ètyø sezon. Je velmi obtížné objasnit, èím byly neobvyklé jevy zpùsobeny. Nìkolik perspektivních metod dalšího výzkumu je doporuèeno v závìreèné èásti pøíspìvku. RNDr. LIBUŠE HRABÍ, PhD., Univerzita Palackého, Pedagogická fakulta, katedra pøírodopisu a pìstitelství, Purkrabská 2, 771 40 Olomouc, Èeská republika, tel.: + 420 68 522 43 47, fax: + 420 68 523 14 00, e-mail: hrabi@pdfnw.upol.cz 300 J. FOR. SCI., 47, 2001 (7): 294–300
The influence of different methods of autoclaving and dating of measurement on the rate of electrolyte leakage from oak tap root M. SARVAŠ Forestry Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovak Republic The plant quality is a complicated complex of traits which in their interaction influence survival and growth. There are some simple methods (measurements of morphological parameters) to determine external damage of planting stock. But physiological quality plays a decisive role in successful survival and regrowth of plants after afforestation. Besides plant damage, the physiological quality is influenced by other factors too. These factors very significantly influence key traits of planting stock quality. The nursery practice (undercutting, transplantation) has a considerable effect on root growth potential, different regimes of cold storage influence water content in plant tissues, and very important role is played by the end and beginning of dormancy which influence mitotic index and chlorophyll florescence. The measurement of electrolyte leakage is one of the methods which is very often used for finding the actual physiological planting stock quality. DEXTER et al. (1932) described a principle of this method for the first time. In his study he concluded that the injury or killing of tissue, by cold or by any other means, involves the disorganization of the substances essential for carrying on the processes of life. With such disorganization, it is well recognized that the cell loses its capacity to regulate the diffusion of its soluble contents. Upon this basis, it was assumed that the degree of injury from low temperature to overwintering and other plant structures might be correlated with the exosmoses of electrolytes and other material following exposure to cold. PALTA et al. (1977) writes that electrolyte leakage is an index of the JOURNAL O OREST SCIENCE, 47, 2001 (7): 301–306 ABSTRACT: In this study sensitivity of the method of measurement of electrolyte leakage from oak tap root was examined. The influence of different intervals of measurement after stress treatment on the rate of electrolyte leakage was studied. The results showed that the rate of electrolyte leakage decreased in time after frost treatment (after 2 months by 100%). On the other hand, after desiccation treatment the rate of electrolyte leakage was the same. The rate of electrolyte leakage can be influenced not only by injury of cells but also by the methodology of measurement and therefore it is problematic to make a comparison of results obtained by different methods of measurement. It is necessary to use the same method of measurement for all variants. Keywords: electrolyte leakage; physiological quality of planting stock; oak bare-rooted seedlings; tap root semi-permeable properties of the cell membranes. MC- KAY (1998) wrote that if fine roots are capable of maintaining a low level of electrolyte leakage it is probable that they would also be capable of water uptake. The ability of cell membranes to control the rate of ion movement in and out of cells is used as a test of damage for a great range of tissue samples from seeds (SAHLÉN, GJELSVIK 1993), roots (MCKAY 1992, 1993, 1998; SAR- VAŠ 1998, 1999; SCHÜTE, SARVAŠ 1999), needles (BURR et al. 1990), stems (DEANS et al. 1995). Some works used the rate of electrolyte leakage from needles or shoots to determine frost hardiness (COLOMBO, HICKIE 1987; MURRAY et al. 1989). TINUS (1996) and TINUS and BURR (1997) used measurements of electrolyte leakage from needles to determine the time of autumn seedling lifting for cold storage and their results showed that there was indeed a relationship between cold hardiness at the time of lifting and field survival of white and red pine, but this relationship for Norway spruce was more complex. In general, several studies have concluded the possibility to find physiological quality of planting stock by measurements of electrolyte leakage. Unfortunately, it is problematic to make a comparison of separate results. Some works have used for testing samples from fine roots (MCKAY 1992, 1993, 1998; MCEVOY, MCKAY 1997; KERR, HARPER 1992), tap root (SARVAŠ 1998, 1999; SCHÜTE, SARVAŠ 1999), stem (COLOMBO et al. 1984; DEANS et al. 1995) and needles (TINUS 1996). There is a difference in medium in which the samples are placed during autoclaving (SARVAŠ 1998, 1999; MURRAY et al. J. FOR. SCI., 47, 2001 (7): 301–306 301
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Page 14 and 15: Table 2. Regression analyses: influ
Page 16 and 17: Table 7. Results of qualitative ana
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