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* Part Thre€
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g The Case ofPakistan
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Str.a i{rtrarv e.-*4.
C€n@l in udivid..l Indb. Thcr w ale a Prim. Mhist r ed r cabiei seleftd by
him. A @lslithl @obly wd both a . o$dtmion @tjng body &d 6 .
legisl.tE padi4 rh. adoptio! of @DrtiMotr &d holdirg of g6cEl cleii6. A
judicisl himhy-hcEd by a Supm€ Coun of Pakislan B !pFi!r!d dimost
ime.liolely aftd panition, T[@ ws no tim€ for FininisrBdv. imostioE. The
p.lji of l€st 6isLdc B 10 adoF tle sc oAeizdi@, prbc€dlc, &d polici.s 6
hrd pevsil€d f@ e t@y y6 h India Tte ,tu do8ad.d bdDls of
adnilistntve p@.dNs thlr had be€tr us.d in lndi! *ft folovd in P3Ust6.
The job of setiinS up PalislaD's adminirlrdtior f€I lffg.ly to two edor nosl
bu@FnB *io had bcq !!@bds of l[. Indi. Adir and A@dts S.flie Ghubb
Muharnad (laler Gdcmr Gneral orPakirlr) &d ch: Moh.dtul Ali (larq P.irc
Minister of Pakisirr). For a tine an r p.nidoi ihe land @upicd thc uiq@ posilion
ofth. S.@tary Gen€El ofPalistan. lte et !p.ndh€ad.d lhe entiE c.nlral setariar
od al$ sed 6 dbiftt sr.t&y, esrblishncnt @rel!Iy,.rd ldvis 10 tbe Prim.
Minisld. Iae politic.l ladc6-M'ihdold Ali JiinaL Liaqu Ali lha!! dd oth.6
w6 p@upied with political qwstioD in thc filst yed of Pakietan'e Gxisteo@ dd
thcy l.t adninjstnlion 10 th6e qlqienced in tuh matt a-rhe civil swers-whoe
iDll*re M parti.ul&ly grel beaw thc dinia€B w* inqpdidccd &d their
legislative &d d@tiv. dtofty *s und@i!.d by JiNh's Chain nalic
r! xn.ri, Bin $ye€d, th€ c€nfar GoEnh. ol P.rlian, 1947-1951' Mccirr unirer.ny
61
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S,z R{"to.'ary
In spir. of all lh6e oktal6, Ur. fte f.d.nl gov.mdr M seB3lully
improvied duing th€ slllm€r 1947. Th€ litsl consiitu€ni dsdbly m€r on Aug8l 10,
194? dd elst d Jimdr s iIl Presid@r, On August t5 rinnan @ sMh jn $ thc 6s1
Govmor Ocncnl of Pslisr,4 shonly lh.c.ia Liaqual Ati tlE be{rc prio.
Mintnr. O! Aug6t 19, 8ov@r offic.s cldnrnded rteir op@tio.t.
Duing th. Ely Frio4 the @urry f@d ieM@ble prcbl@ of gov.tme,
copins wilh. vat inflow orEfues liom Indi., md rhb qudioD of swivd ir!.li li
wa ibu udcBtardable thal lhe rasl of constiiulion ms]ine w @t its tult @ncem.
MoEvcr thc fobrLr of the Nation Mohmm.d Ali JiDDL died o. lt S.ptanbcr
1948. I wa ind6d mt uril Mdh 1956 thlr tlc fd @nsdrurion s ldop|.d. No
ons!tullon n.@ m FtioEl elarioB ard rhir B to prove djst oB for rhe 31aG.
Evo thouSh rh. ambly w$ slowd dom ii! d.libcntioB by its duat iDdion s a
legislaiing ed .onslilulion-naking body, ir ner 63 a conslirueni body for only 5?days
in 6 y6. " On 23{ MNh 1956 dD w costiiulion m prenuleaicd in rhc @urr,
Thc shon-livld 1956 @Bttutio! @ritrucd rbc VstuiEte! sglc, bur wiih !
si.8lc chdbd LghllrN. Th€ Natio!.t Asblt E b @Bisr IOO dnE0y clered
ndbe6, ed & addirionnl l0 sls wE r€sR€d fo. enen ro b€ indiEcty ctet d,
allowing Eat rd \v€st lalistan equat EpGcni.tion,
e.-.a-.
Goeally, the 1956 coBlitution bad linL cffe.i dd ch4ges in govemot
@nrinued 6 b.forc wnhon eletion of vorcs of no @nfidere. On f ocbb.r 195s,
Mddal Law wa d.clared .!d the | 956 @Elilution s sbrcsated by dlo Chi.fof ttE
n0Effi offi fl fi ooilgudoooo00

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Str/ R{rrrery e.a.t...
YaIy! Kbe, CornEdc&jr.Chi.f of lle A@y; I d bn wirh e optio4 bur ro s&p
$ide ed ldve it b l[. Dcf.M Fores of palisran which ro

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conslitulion sbrd swd.ted.r! Th€ pol@ of rhe Judiliary vw cl{i6.d ud6 rlr
povbioEl @srirution odd t98tr udd anjcle 15 il ws ctdty siitcd tbrr,all
pBid.Dti,l ord.6 of llc CMLA, irclu

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nonos.nouosffiEo*
g*****t w
fi z ftrR ha ben a tor orcontrlve^) q,n !r c;ad b rl'otc or 1016. r E
',,cam.d -' Ey Mb csaft ro th. rolc ofdlc amcd fof6. ! O
fr **" ,*. io od this @niror*y too. The m€d .*, ,, ** .;
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6 6ditutio.,l ole. The @qt &cepted pojition i,6is Dand will be Daini.ine

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Str/ q{dr.,r.y
3.-.r..6
tn€ day will not be able to ddt@ d em€r8.ey wirhour rhe advie ofdE @qcit. IE
composilion 6d duli€s of th€ mrional scuity coucil MII b. mouc€d tatei.
In ords ro inprove tbe eononic @ndifioN of lhe couEy ihe privare s4br will b€
en@@gqr dd prcre.led.
Accordingly on Nov€nbei 10, 1984 Zia uounced his decision !o hold a r.fcendu.
In tn€ r€fcrcnrlM, held on De.mbtu 19, ii ws n&le dw thd Ihe affimdioa by a
simple tujonry of rhe vols cee mdd b. $.n s a orldlre io zia ro hain in ofre
for eorher five ye6. In $c words of on€ political @meat.lor:
"Th Ef€Mdu exercie, whjch .@c a a boh Aom thc blw, @ sid by ofrcial
qudds 10 sr@ froD rwo comFutsi@, Fi61 if thc isri of thc pEsidol's .terion @
nol ettled before de elecrio. lo the pdlim.nt, the, there w6 evcry possibihy ihar dE
elered hemb.F wuld mr !!min lotd ro thc pFidenl od .u@ bis own sub6€quat
a*i- --tt. ".g** b.in8 rhar if lhe @ninared Dtub€R of the pstim.n(Maiti.-
d who sG depcnd.nr in tn€n posilioc edircly on lbe soodqll of $e
colms'. c& ate o @$iotr difier non $. o6ci,l h!c. rhd rh4 B , gElrtr
$
e,obab'liry
I
6 dE eteckd pdr,mor..nes woutd b{ moc indeFndenr dd bftforc
om.',rt $ , *g" r' undd rhis tosic, ir B cstrtiat ror z,a b me his om
fr "**" *a. *0,,r,* on dDr or d€ so.rar ercrim.
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.sld q{d'o...y e. *o..
lh. advie ofrte Prirc 6jnin r. H. hs rlE disdoMry poE ro apFid tbe cti.f
.lciion clruisiom of P.tisr.! &d rlE.iudg6 of rlE Courr.t
The C-S.P. is mt lhe ody civil epic in pslj$alr nor do.s ir h2v. a mpl.te
mompoly on all of Ih€ imporret adrni.jshltivc FosirioB. It is orc of ttE so{al|{i
Centd supqior sdi@s stjcn al$ includ. ihe pabstan lodg. swie (p.Ls.), te
Polie Seric. of !olisi&. IE Audir ed A@bts Saie, olbtr wiB of a tix
colldtion or fineial mnft, rne R jlwy Sryicc &d th. podd Swie. An officisl
gowor palpblet st 16 rtry rhe eiee hb.t d,,surdiod_
nc Sdvi6 e d*ib.d s Slp.rior for rlE obvic tlen tb,r lhF @ n ry
Seryiq irfqid 10 thd. For cvery cilil $rysls *,tb is a l|rmbd of a SuFid S€nie
lheE e hundtds *do @ nor TIF@ rol, nErgcmor" dd orgeiation ofrheF laree
nwbeF d dnedy tne Espotribility of $os who dtd e S$dior Sdie. Eveiy Fst
io dr Supqior Civil Sries is a porl otNdbrity ed EspoNibiliry, upo! the fiIirg of
wbch in a satisf&bry wy dep€nds rhe futw of rh. Srai€ dd lbe wl-b€ine of irs
By fsr tlE m6t ioFllmt of66. C.n!d Supaid Sdi6 is lbe Civil S€nie of
Patjslo to *bich tbe sovcmfl pdnphta rcfas ir gtowing lerDs.
! P.kd.n, Mi.bfy ot tfl, ]ne ss!.ultbn ot r.lsntc @bli.
' P.kislan. Th. c.binel s€@r.lirt EsEbti.h@.t Divilrid.
SurciorseBies. (xa@hi'
of P.kEb., aprit, 1997 rh.
Cffi tle Patisran C.nhal
gnfl 006odgffi EaEHannf, oono00mnondffii00HEl

***ffi
w
nE r,vil sdie of pslt|lr is th. succ.sr ir psi.i.srai or dE tndia civit B
Sr,J

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be €Ii..riv€ly @nr$lled by the govmftd if thcy beom. (Ely cririet of ib op@tiotu
ard i!. tulio &d Gtevidd srad@ e ovd.d ,Dd oF,acd by dE go!€|rrlMr
The Pmvirciat AdDirilrration
Und6 Pakisn! Cdsdnrdon rhe previftial legblrnB hld the qclGire dghr io
p€ss Ls ollmine th. mj €!a!cc of pubtic odd, rlF &tbidsrlIion ofjunic., tdti,
agricultuE, leal gov€mclq educat@, w1d, h.jin! mads, ed w€lfarc.
the Govfu, $,ho is appoirred and nly bG dh-i...d by rlE p,6i&nr on rlF ldvie of
the PriDe Minist r, is d@ chief q€culire of thc pbviM. ilt!. (jhlea Minislq thil l)mbd
of thc pbviNial ilsbty mosr [t ty b @esd d. @nf{kde of rh. mjdity. Acling
on fic advi@ ofd. Chi€fMjnisl€r, rlE cov€nor aprojnB d @oB ite ebiner
Eeh pDvioce js subdivided for adoidsr ive purpses inlo divisioDs, which e
MrL up of .lil1licls Fah divisid is hed.d by a 'cdmis@," u9Dry said C.S.p
Otr6. A disrid is re{ded by a ,distid nESisraL( eho als hs t\e tide of ,,.tepuiy

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Stn/ R{errly 3.^*.8
offidfldeodoo6soo
b.dy ad panly oBjsi, of ofiici.i l|@bds.
O Dirt.i.t Courcit fte disrict @u.il is rhe nosi in qr.fi r@al @ucit, h i!
ehetircs ate clll€d.Zits Cowil" od @bGR @ d.1@n d on lh. bsis
ofpopulafion of40,000 !o 55,000. For the n€nbcBhip ofdisbic! coucill
i) otr ndb.r aoo cv.!, uiotr @0cil.
ii) Atl chtmd ofihe T.hdl Coucit'
ii,) A1l th€ chain@ of bM cl)mjtic.s wilh thc dist ct.
iv) All rh€ chaim ofMuicipal @mirt€€s wiitin th€ dist ic!s.
v) The d€puty @mi$io@ i, ale rh. mmb€r of d dshicr
2) Ufir A|ai For dre ub.n .rq th@ t F of @!.qrs nNc bc.n drablisn.d
lmcly:
# ****'*H
edrca,on. e.r dev.ropmenl imea..n E
@mucni@ dd sryri Rcnk E
r€hsil @udt is thu panty d .t@tcd fi
a) Ioxr CoEDitt q - A bu @mirie is etablish.d for & uton ag navjne
a Dopuraron ex@eding 5000 bul noi exceeding 20,000. A tom cominee is o
p@Iy elelld body. It clel€d Ecmbc6 $t6't a .hdlrm trw .mn8
b) Mhi.ip.l CoDDi.t6: - A Muicipat Comi6E is aiablish.d fo. @ ub.a
@a havins a populadon qceding 2O,O0o bul les rhd 500,000. fte nlmblr
of Dqnld ia . Muicilrl Comitl. my vsry b.t*€! 15 !d 50.
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.ffiffia'No qry T**-""fi
MuiciDrt Corpondo.r: , A Muicipal Corp@tion @y b€ erlblished for e H
@c,par ( oTmrjon @y b€ eublished for e A
urbe a@ &vi!8 a poputdioD .\ccding j00.000. Ir mu{ hoKv.l be
fr
tudbqEd dlr popdauotr tiDja. boLh drc tok ald hishr v.ry frob E
provine io Dtuvie {rd ftoo lelriy to locatir, &F&ling u!o! irs poput lid g
In a ciry, the cnitu .l€cr the nenb.6 of fie Mwicipst o@itEe lld d€
I
d.yor, sno corcd th.nelvB wirh rhe adDinttr ion of ,oads, public heat.h,
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wlt red sitario& fc fieblitrg snd olld @nm! lftat nbdions. g

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Str/ Q{etn*ary
e.-*@
feh €l€clioM o! F.bnEy 1997, which lead b the l@Id elarodl vicbry ot N.wd
this phaoDdon is Dr lw: all.galioB of @tuptior have lhrtfted th€ pubtic
deb*. in paki$an. Co@plion @ a fetu. of sevsrl of Jinnal\, the foutLr of
Patislan, post-independac. spech.' And rhe 6Et dDtuilc .qdene of @hpton.s
brc io tatist D potiriB ws vir,lcrsd !{lo rh€ fEi c:hi€f Mjnind of SjDdh M
diqissd o. afl€gatiotu ofcomFior in April 1948. Ihe pas M y.6 .pitohikd this
tendcncr, with the investi9rion of @@ption by B@n Bh!fto ed her hsbed, ed
h€r onvicrior on odption ch&e*.
Ns gov.mcnrs co@oDly stari rheir Dandat. Dy N*n,ng uE,.omirhenr
to eE

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Sr"; Q{,lr.,.ry lW e.-rl*
il"---*"
$ rre power or tne uacuar E
,*0.-r. *. influence or badow.u ha betr rmendo* in p*isid. And fr
fri
fr " o*."** 1... ,mdtorde oh a huse p'potuon or d. rming rads which N H
g sn moE s a poliIic€t !sl@ rld e M@mic ooJ.. Tt €f@, t !d,. e.o!hi" g
6El
potc ial is mr tuUy developed.ID 196, E
asiculrE rprFnie{t 25.8./0 of ?!lkrd,s g
$ cor, -a p-'ia.a *proymot b halr tltc woffo@. rvo-rhilds ofge DoDulido. H
f,! u'. t *, -* u* *. cos..y i" 0or ser-sufficienr in q
rood fi
Ih. innEme of ln. l&rtol{16 has armys hoetr Ery bjsh iD rh€ potric.l B
tfe.
E
seu. lnen vot6 ud sine i1s crcaiion ge1 alBs io rhe Natio@l As*hbly. In the
weldry l$dowE, ddisilg @n[ol ovcr rhe l&s€ty i jEEr. ruEl populado!,
6 s(u. hetr rot6 ud sine ,ls G,tjon gd alBs lo rhe NadoDt AseENv r" rh.
curcnt National Asenbty, ribal led€6 or f.udal badtords o@upy 126 our ofthe 207
Dlc poliricd pow djoyed by iardoM6 pr@b ey n@ngtut hov€
loMds led rcfoh or rax on fd in@n€_ L$d efom tu ,ol or ihe gov@dtat
agedr, ed pdr efods ro linir landosiqship havc not ben v€ry s@es!tut. Under
Presidoi Atlb Khe od prihe Miltia Z,A. Bhufto, lmdholdingt ceilings w@
6xed. But landoMcs rGad€d by lrrificially pu(i.e rh.n |&dr in th€ ndes of rhen
G,nily DeDbqs, or €v.n sn of t[.n fader\ Mtb rbe @miv@ of to.jl
:-*tr:ltf_t1n:to:lgll :,'h€ tur. or @mpron in p6k!ran, on€ €i rind . Brish
or,gnd^"*m f H5lg?"r:"j :,l:!"-ef l;;gft ;;G;*;;uiffjt;;txHk,,
p€md.d_ htu...c;c ;d-*; ;;$I;;;r
o600€dffi offi oGnno|nnonao00000ffi o6f,

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Str.a

Str Q{.t.eruy e.-*ic
StructDal probl.ms of the €.onomy
Pakisraa h a low-ircobe @hry rhar hs hrd d prcmbing goq1hr6. But tE
b.Gitiotr to a tuiddlFinconc na6oo h hcld b&k by ctsric prcblec iehdilg Bpjdly
rising popul.rion, siable gov@c deticils, bevy depend@@ o, focie, ajd3r,
large nilibry exFndilw, ud ran)Mt eov.mdd inslabiliry.
T[c deeiFio of rh. paki$dis eotumy by lh; rllll in ls7 poinB out s]t rl€
srrcnrEl poblm of de enomy:
'"rhe EFat d attemprs ro siabilie lhe @nony wilhut fotowiry through win
snatral Ef()m push.d lb€ @mDy in a DiE of viciou ciEl6 In p.nicut&, idBse

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taxad6. SlugSish budgetary !!Mw3 i@ tcd io .urs iD public iw.sdn€Dt in hlll@
capiirl lDd intriirtuB, urdhinilg the pofitabitily of priv{e sror inBdtud ad
prod4tior ed Eiiforcing lh. kjlBs in s.nc. t w dplorml 8ddlion by tE
privat sroi hB bq pddy comFnld€d for by ov€Eiatrng in ihe publjc salor, *,lich
ba nrlbd d€p|Es.d is Gficiftr DoubteniSn in aiid bls oer.d rb€,eed fdnooinal
depqiation, s{ ch h6 fed bek to inilador Detililg FodtaSiliq in rh. bonling srst e
ns dcpB.d rhe 8L of retM on b.* depoGils, t€ading b dbi ernediation, *hich in
nm hB led 1o s fifiba ddliF in h€nk Fotrhbility, M@ boadly, thc pltidai @rcny
ba @ntinud 10 be FaplEd ir $€ vjciN c}ltc ofpov.,ry, low gn*r\ tow evings, and
low ,nrcstDenl, which fir1hd hanleB gbrrh &d Fv.ny allcviatoD, Mo@vd, ih*
sEEhr.l p6bl@ hav€ @

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St"/ Ql"t-ary ffi e.-*-.
gcnddsomnono* w
f,
B (b) Difliculti€! ofrhe baDkihs s€.tor
$ Urio-ti,"a -Mirl
rf,trooflof,trrcooo
b!,t5 @ irrc to doniu& ire b.aling sroi Ard
n s mjor erpl,qtre hdor tor $. djmculy ot Lhe s(br. Bad
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E
lou sircn 6 poliricd peroDisc willod rmFr olatccl rcpB.t a hig! sn c of rlE
rohl of loe defaulis. .1@ d.fault! of bdr and d.vclopnflt tinde ilstiiurjons
f! *u " r-"r or ro l2r b,lio* s or Dcdbs r, l9e6 - o*ty 2r % or rorsr
€l
E g_
ad@Rr, ed -tos ro 5% or cDp.- rwl. t97)..r3 D.fautls on lods E a ma,n
H ;,g;:l:il:T:355"*ts.ao.,s,n,rrmtlFr,,rpubrEh.db,se&trBhurosMn€m
R@
E I I lBo'@.drh lr'r'd) |
8ffi 3
3,675 2,39r
O at -i*6kkai 17-
O a4 ft;;chemd |1250
-TG.
-TD-
1,250 1,217
t 1,215 1215
r,213
1,035
1,023 035
95t)
725
634
12. 632
615
435
3)
5)
526
2,330
-------
-------
M.Ei Khalij lmmMt
in Jaoary l€97.

Srd Q{rtrrary
nffiogfir3
tlen for 6€ ftlmB dificuttiB of rh. p.Iisi s b.dins syscn, .d e
cxplMtion for th. hid inrercsi r.r.s. Mey lods !r. etut .l to wll{mccrd
politicioB ed buolcdl3. This is aI rhe 4id ''h th.y e |'ka nom srar.{h.d
iiecial iEdrutiotu. Bu rhcy my Gv6 be surcd noh a priErc fi@ci.t i!$in{on,
$ polilicis put pBsw on mdag6 to Stmr ihd (CCR).
Over-r€ulatioD ard the w.ight of tho itrfo.nat scctor
Govm.nfs rcl. s & eorcbic rcgutalor h esdial, Bul if rhi, Egqlarion
1l@ bb e 'ov.rE8d.rion', opporturilis for oinFio. itl.@e. palisran is
dcscnbed s d over-rcgular.d socicry, in which *ery @otrohic activiiy is Egltsled.
Th. nn6 e on ! @ld, inriBicdty @pt.rs .rd Fni.,rhrty nuereB, CLdoms
ruls prcvid€ a good exmplq .,palislrn,s inpon |ldfr Fhcdul€ hav€ b€h e
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rour d.hutets aE 6mm;;EGE;at$-a{ by B€ne, Bhuro .nd M@, ^ToD
Kh€xd
24 mrdude .nd nhitix od
@ d.f.uhng h oE Fymi ot it 7 l{tid lo tE n.ron Jrd
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Eehins very hish tevch of rh. govemmeni.
drus lord wd a@sted id 1997.,'(oCD, 99)
nlh prc*blr €xpl.jns thai ioi a sio8le
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StrJ i{rtrortrr
opportbiri6 for but@ddc cm4.id !r rbe loe €chelos of blau.ry @ firln<
ircMed by tow t.vetof tjte@y. Sixq-te Frcetrl3 of tn. pgtjsrdk populaiion is
illitenle (1996). ..WtEc lne&y b.t pediM, very f.w opqanoB 6 b. FrfoDEd
donyhoBly b.twen rhc cilia.!d d! tuldionaly." (W!terb,!y). nirency cEar.s a
ft.d for a p.e.rtiz.lio of rh. €xchang6, $d po$tuty a fted for ilt @.diarioA
which ircE& oltonujti6 fo. conpr dxchegs.
The judiciary: tack of itrd€peqtence
SiGc lh. oiddtc of rh. l95os, rhe judicjdy in prli3tan is coft.ily *o s
inteod.d io thc Sove@di Arld the su..eding goveoo.!|s rav.

Sr,r Q{"rr...&y
In 1998, @ntoned *i$ omui&ry violere j! KaDcnl, thc Sr.c dejd.d b $!
up dilnary couns ro eitis.tc th€ indncimcy of de judicidy, his .cknowledgm.rr
ofthe inefliciqcy oflh€ syslo is signifi@t of thc wcal!$ ot thd judi€ial iuttudon.
But inrcEstinglr, Ihis daision B ov.nM.d by rt Sup@e Cofi, whict ord.Erl
tH fi. Kadchr hrlnary courrs be tuhed o\er ro (jvitib
fte o.ly bdght pdd ir l)Ejudicial sys1fr is ind.qt lhe SupMe Cour! which
ba ben abte, ar $@ @iore, ro sland up agairn 0!c Cov.mat. IE @ir
exmpl. being in a May 1993 ttudma* judSenot, rh€ Supreme Coun ov€nuhinS of
Shaifs dishissrt by Ur {ren prsiddnt (ha.
3.-*66
Ho*trcr, a t 9? @Bdnxionat eendm.nr ha tow.Ed rh. irdcF.d.!c. ofdle
courr in rakhan. S€niorjuds.s ofrhe high coun dd Sup@n coun,rc now chosen
by the Prj6. Minist r irolead of b€jng appoinr€d on th€ ptucrptc of hioriry by th€
cni€fjuries of rhe hiel @ufl ed thc Sup@. @un. ftc pM hs dus eained power
ov.r tbcjudiciary, And in larc 1997, rhe ousrinS ofthc fomer chiefjBtce, sdjad AIi
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Fo. I@y p@ple, . ding into the plblic *Fie is srill @Bid.r!d N ihc only
opportoity to gei aces to poE dd qealth, This ha a durl co.s4u€ne a rcgdds
@ruptior lheE is @mpdon to aler inro $! public swie ud o@ption whcn in
ofi@. PaBdoxicrlly, lhc ilgEity of raw my turth€r inclte iae.rivB for
coowlion, by c@tilg a ens ol urg.ncy in n.Iitrg mofty
BuMu6lic @mption is not !t dl del.ded by .x.Dple .t th€ bp. CoEuprion is
widet€d at all lcvcls, &d in0Me of lhe hhb.6 of lle Drtio.al Asnbly or ol
$c iemb.ll gov.Dmdt on hiring of rop civil sendls is cl.d. Not orly do6 ihis
f&I ddon$are lhrt public swie jobs se @id.rEd s E*Erds or siib, but n ntrlhd
dFlints @ruitmdt wirh stjlls. ftis pobLm b ifih€r irc@*d by th€ f&r 1hat b&y
of rh* political .ppoi ..3 e givd p@eqr jobs, ih@foE cFatins duble
tcmioc. Th€ probotion synd k ale ir0E$rd by political @sider.lioN al hid.,
levels, *hil. llde b no lin] b.twm p.d()l]@ce dd prcmtion al rhe lo*cr levels.
Some laB .xisr b pbmole @unrlbiliiy of ih. public olfieE, but the slstcn
of Sovetuent b*6 th.b m!-Iir&tiooal or dysnucdoMl- For instan@, law on th.
di$closd€ of e$ for public wuls is conPosd of m derlFert of inslrucliotr,
diffi@lt ro iopl.n@t. And lh* del@tiotu of asels 3t'h€nts
op.ned ul.s a cae is filed. CoNquerdy, inquinq, ifsn oll, will rct bc Flar.d lo
sets ddl@loq threfoE ddiding 0ris rul€ of its .mci.ncy in Pdoting cinflio!
FlnhmoE, $m.ssential lcea! dbpositios e krinS: hde, @.nid of i sln is
nor d€n lcsally &loowiedScd. Mey omBs io Clnfrdce ad Tiade, IncoE Td, or
CustoG h.ve rhen oM buiffi, or sh.E p.rheshipq in olha blsin*s
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Th@a. iwo €xpl@tionsb rhis frcirfiEi, @nflicr ofi rr$t i5 disrcgarded s
a W6tern concept, Stur4 rolcrating @.flicr of intcdl is a sy of pFveniing public
senmlt nobilialion fo. betler compesation, Thcr is uMinity dong Pdkistarh ir
statihg that public sector vaSes @ r@ lo\ dd in sonc cse! h€low swival's l€velsa.
Sone scholb belifle that {rc low saldid of civil pfr&ts, comp@d with eMings
tod job6 of simjlr stana in bBin s ed indNtry, .xplai! th€ rDgnitutle o{
@eplion. l,{ salary leEls e comonly cil.d s rh. Daio qplMtior for
@ruptior in rhe Pakistads .dnini$ltior, $,bich is coBislcor with lle Elo.red
evidec lhat @unri6 with Fqly
prid public ofiici.ls rdd b*!ds lighc. @m4rior
Pnblic t@wl.dge of lw public wiq lslary cB &l! d ! ssfery vdv.: public lB's
defue of compdo! is iftRa*d by th.n howlcdSc of $is'\)tt*ity eTet
The Bur€.rcmq Potrhi.m, Poblic OpitrioD
In Pakjsia* hicory 0€ CovclM Cined or PBid.nrs or govdm r!.aredly
have disbed legislaloE. The Co\rmr Gddl Fn@.nily dished rh€ 6d
ConslinEd Assbly, With the mp.otion of rhe judici6ry lnd th. BU@eEy, the
Govemd Geftral h6 baftd plohiMr nini$.F fom public lifc undr d. Public ad
Represktive Otre6 Disqu.litieLion A( L
On rh€ olher h,rd, @ loob in vain for .orcspondin8 exmples of invsiicaiiotu
or puitive etion by leekhnre comittes or cabioet ninistcN intqdins to db'fu or
move mdbe6 of lhe bEoEtuy lhe ninisi.B hld no impon@t appointing pom6.
6 For *mpre, curent G17 l6sl (whidl i! 5 hioh .v.l ot bu@u6&, civil $toa.td @lE a
slary ol Rs 5,000 rhich ir d.fcbit in pdillno lor b€lic i.6d3.
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Ft!96tly a hhir&r hs ba $.€stut i! havilg .! --!o!.Frc o|@ldrs
tlafmd lo r diflaan F.! hI c@ . FiG Diri3r.. hish dr.u,ta Girroe of rb.
C.S.P, Offieri Asi|rio if lF daDd.d io inrafo! wfth rb. eidiry ryncn of
FonDlid in el.diDS t c$irt 3..rt&iy_
A'.lrtic ch.p€r oftu prriern Codi io!wd6igdbiEutaLrt hishd
wi6 fitr politicil bflEE. Ary mjd ch6g. i, th. civit wicc srrd *!uld
hE Eguind r mrde@r io U. Cooldnlriotr Fs.! of6. higha sqvic€, tG
Cotrtitutior Fovilcd rhlr apDoim@ls b. E.b cirlF by rhc pr.sidc d . lts
d6ignd.d by hin. AI F6ts ro vtich rEba3 of t6c wic6 vw Bigicd E! h.ld
'dqi.g rh. plac of dE Pcid6t..t AttouC 6c CoEdntri@ ,qqiFd rh. pBi&
ro at 'ir edd!i.. with rh. a.tvh. of rh. Crbii.r d rlE qpo![id. Mi!ida.{ rlr
C.bid ofMiridd lud m t!o.d, irh. nU ro ao r, d* crok Frlgleh in r,'r.
Connhrri@ 3t!rcd: *ThG qu..rior qtErt r e, !d if $, qt ! 4tvie hrs b€r r{idqld
by dF clbiEq q a Ministd d Minjlcr of St L, 3h.I 11 b. i.quiild i.to b ey oun.i,
ThE, b.dng a.rdinliool ctE8., rb. .t.d.d Epllo|rdiB *tc i! . wql
porili@, Th.n i!flltre oq rh. tarDrn nr F$rEl ee BlIy conf$d ro @
o.cr'idal r6afd i! qiich @ h!!au els cx.lu,8d fd &di3 Al@nr! of &.
govemqt3l intorution *tdch eDc to t niniid s .hs8 lcd r,rw{eh dr
"s4taid', in !^ll ch b|uE .ts htd ih. l@y pdritic. Any ordd! ton lh. Djlir6
Hrrtuowhrhis@.sd.rilr. OE cL,Er in th. sragG of tilanmr! is th.

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dd Poliii6 in Pa}tut& is e additioMl {b.0or itsi tihired lhe potirjcal ird.FdeM of a
large tlMbtr of citia tu Phtiid! Mcr ot tb. cuti[ro8 e cmpl.rety de!.rdor
upo. $e ledlord who oMed th€ eil rhey lilled, padiculsly in rh€ povim4 ofpDjab
and Sindh. h ad.tirioq ih.t loot to hid for guid@ &d pot nid Not su!trisin8ln
th@foE, rhc large Lntlol,@ domiMted th. potitG of p.l(ise. TtFy @ n qu.nity
eduar.d Fe6; em h6 atrod.d Oxfod q Anbridg. !d Fd,rs Lr.r hd sndi.d
law. Ihcy live wll .r!d oteldn on a lege s.dc, IrE highd €ivil $r@lq wilh wt@
thcy bav. mah ir como4 A.qEdly djoy then hospit lity. h dsl s@ tt*
ltudow. my be lh. or y Fls with *toft the civil s.l@r tu di$cNs ilretligd y
llE a0aiF oflhe Edon &d tne wrld.
Th. I..dlord is mmlly 6 good &m eih lhe djsricr ofllq i! his .R T}c
latq is EspoBibl€ for l.w enformdr te ptsd.lion of thc plblic pae, ad @cou
@llerio4 all suljers of g@t irbc.r !o the l&dlord. Tn. rulc ofL* *ttch dE Bdris!
slablish€d on l[€ hdie $bconiiMt h.d be.n @ltinued by the Pali3id authtrilia, ed
lhe grc @n*ndivc lcgal od6, 016 sd rguldim, F!..dlE, a.d @ur syslhs
we€ iaken ovd by lne n* Btion wih litd€ cn{g.. Th. landlold t os rlst
@rsiodonrl elbfut6 poied.d hi! prcpd9' 0om @d.idd. Mitd bd Ffom bw.
been adoptcd, bul dE ignoml cultiEtor gdcrally Elied on r,\e landlord for iheir
inklDrelaliotr Tle latt( udedood lb€ sy$m of gowcnt wll and havc im.di!r.
d@s to the n@sl tuIing gorcmat officid if nudB dpledion is desiEd. Hh
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",r* vor6 ordeculdwbb dar clcr dF ladlod ro tt lceisllw. 'r
g dc @r fono* tll lhe lsdlold €pttgts rban. H. hEs thtr he 6 .M1on tlPir
E *n a a nanq .r.urig.rion. SiM 6 unc.op.6ri€ cdrir€ro' @ bc qn orfidn his
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tt" ru"ao.a to win e .le.dd ad ro hold offie wirbo$ beins sbj*t to
""* - ** @G$ondde noo hrs @nstr*fts s*h Lsnhios @ nor
lirel) to b€ sBsresive in nehdns rd dv 'nteEs odF Lhd rhir oM IIE l'sisldot
L{6 on sme or $. ch!@reristili oI a coNNar\' club: m haidlv b€ descnb' 6
$ eitu nwenratre oI tsFs'ble Patv pladom md t6nv lovattica e ienpoEry ai
I h.u, or r"ei.luL .upponi.s $'lticheE grcw he farc6 at $' nomdt He @v eM
I *.i0. to *' rtit o* pdiv raldns hb p€rsonal following m he legsbtuE aons wiuh
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E *" *r* o, *.*to* o. bliog or nspotr'5ibilitv hde lit{e alFil dxt eE avoid
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***. oo",on lrr.lliefd onpomie do mt tnriv' io suh cliDate' and civil
E srnis onm foud it qp.di.nt ro nEketh' iopons policv dsisios theNlv6
S * ,*o* -nt ha* . codpldt moNpolv of legisldrv€ poK in Pali$d'
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Strd Q{er'rr&y e. *e.
n:onn5eoEFntrmoEr F]
'nE civil s.twts G a cla apperd t b€ rcU ave of rh. red tu taad Efod
ifthc low la.lofagricuhftl Fodlciior is lo b€ ois.d ed a sllble ag.icuttuat ni.tjle
cl6s @tcd. ft is prebably lhis (rcio|lslB of rh€ nc.d for ciege ttel Fevdrd a
clos rlElio.ship b€rwd l.ndlodi ad rbe bUl!@E y.
Lr dy ce. rhc highr civil ed miliiay wies N Frti.uldy stDne in r*is&n
ad th.e is lleq 6y doubt lhal lbey wuld h!rc ih. WF brld i! ary eisis, Tte
ladlod s Gisit famets niSht vote a h. snCigen d bul rh.y rculd tur $ploit him in dy
lggEsire wy i! a @ltrovlEy alpiai So\etrwd otr6 A.m ciiher ihc civil or the
bjlitdywi6
Tb. Burerucntic I.fluerc.On Public Opinion
IE tdhniqres us.d by the Brilish b€fot Ddniiion to innu.te public opinjon d
lne Indid $bconIi6r 6nli d ti' b. us.d b Psliid tt tb. govfut andldtili@
TIF anicle on fEedom ofspdh in lhe @ddftnio! did @t prcvid. &y sioB ohna.b to
rh! uF of drs techroqB. Sine rhe.nicl€ ws one ofih@ listdl wder "Fundamalal
Righ!s,' il.o!d be sperd.d duiog 4 of ih. lawing @oged.i6 Tt @riirtiotrd
povbior F!d:
Ev€ry cilia !b!I h.!. lh. dght b n€edon of sF€.h ed .xpr6don, $bjccr to
my ttasDbL E$icnoN io!o6.d by lae in lh. i .cr of lltc leuig of rorji.a
Aie8lly ebtioB with foeien 314&s, Public
dt Epl of @!t, defmalion oriEitandlto & otred "
ordlr, d€cdcv or Dodlig' or in Ebdon io
om{IugEoo6loffi ootrof, Elmoemooa66Eff Oneff snFcmoo
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Co6iddins 6. LC pe!d..ts dd d. gan dphans pb.€d @ public oda try d€
l|@ba! of lh€ higlEd coEr, it is da tld rh. govam.Dis E$icliG muld b.
cd dftd "@nablc" by thc couls,sr
ThcE e m privat ly oencd bdio .d tclryii@ slalios in Paldst x, d is th.e
ey $mi-irdep€ndenr lpr€mel1 @iporitid otr lb! p.nd of lb. Btilth BrcsdcallnB
CorpoBdon or CNN t laisioE
Ac@rding to $e @tutitu0oD, 4y fon of '1€l*o@ojc€nion" is slri€tlv a
mdoEl fdctio.. Radio boadcdilg and tel€vision is th. Esponebilitv oI lhc @tt i
gov.m€ni's Minirty of info@lion dd Breadclsting. And its putpose is .dnjtledlv
ptupae&ditt, ?rgtm! @ aiF.d al dE "tE in@uladon of a sPinl of psi.iotrs' Mlion'l
uity dd tr tioid 9dde, eadi@iio! of pBdol so.ial ails, mdsl of ft€ling of
t6E!d@ tm thc min& of ou p@ple od pronoti@ oI a s.N of bctt" citzfu ship
mong lhe 8*nl Public "
'IrE tue$od us.d to curail Mom of rh. Pt6 in ?*istan
Alqn tum tb. dnet sarlts o tc H@ of tb. D6
$G irdin't m'tbods of
qmailine lhe fiedob, *tdch @ o.sion lv rsd in ou sieiv' @ lidttr dllol ds
dE *!!Dri widlolding of addih6t5' bsd'lg d. Es ch@Bls lid Bs 3ll|B
io rcvspoFc ai.t &ning rlE dE ngh to *lti.h tl*l @ l€sitioarclv 6ddcd ft'
Unionisi egine i! Pa&in4 ue.l tb. @nni@ of *itboldrng lbc tddg of lt'vslrid
'
Cr€dio.3 bv '|e @utE in U.divid€d tni .e dcidsEd t3
'DEc6dont'.' Th. Munk R€pon .hN v.ry cl€5rly tl6 6hph3.B pbed oi
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mnodfi&ouosnn ffiEf,mmnsn6
Othd lds @ be B.l oDly by tlF entd govMl adbnti*. rds. hlppercd io
be a strtrnS ed nrclionilg abimt ihe ninbai6 play ihc ddi@t ble in d€cidin8
slElhq io ueor nor ue such l.w. Hoftva, if drG i5 m qbind ar dr eoE@l o. if
P&sidqn is rEking w of h3 de4cncy pored, he, ard ihe 3&lelsat @ly h6lar.d b
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Chapt€r 7: History of Adniniltr.tive Reforms
Adninisrllive efotu is a poliljcit piocN in ihal ir adjur Ue ElarioNhip
b€iwq a bl!fuEy ard orha .tcm€d6 in a s@i€ry, or within rh€ bl@lI@y ireli ir
order to chege the behlvid of th. public e i.c, Act!.t .ad d.siEd Elltim b€tu@
b@mncy dd *i€ty. o wirhin lh. bul.aN@y ir$lf, @ ei coBtatu. Sone wi€ti*
*ek b Ef@ @nditio6 qlich oth6 muld @Bi(hr iLsi4btc, Borh lh€ r,lpoe of
rclim ed rhe evils to $tich n i! a.tdree!.d vsy with rh€n polili.d dE@rt.Jje Mosr
adnini&ative Efom e u'&n kd by oft of $e doF: by $e ru16, poticy Dk6,
and orhd $U@ in a sov€moti by ortB ctmnn in th. sial ordq, qled to rne
gov€mqq or by rhe b|llla|lfty irs.tf, i! ill grch fd e .d.qua& d.gE of iliEMl
oh6i6 ard disipliE. rr
T[e evoluliotr of$e addinjslEtitr syskm .n6 itdcFnt @ B innunce

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MUeDad Ali Jituah, etD dEw his repori rct toD lh. bdigM popd.tio of
pEhl rlay Pakista! bui toh sDong the nitlioB ofth. minodty povil@ who had sn
ro P.Iinan q oigbts ata 194, b.ee ro toblicly drio{at rh. denod for r set@*.
stlte. Sidb *s th. only FoviF \{w MNlin tragE hld a foodold and Sindh
tu&nbly B $c 66r ro pB a rluid fo. rhc @tid of Pdasld. IE Msti6 ofin
mieit pmvi|6 be@. thc poM ba* of ihc MusliE I?gE ir its agjritid.jd
ftgori.dom wit! both the Brilish &d rh€ Indie Ndioral CongN ladc6hip,
Althoueh Q@id+Azn Muh{bbld Ali Ji.sh E boE i! Sirdh hr he B a
Facticirg la*yer at Bonbay. A3 a W€st n cdwted l4*]q, h4 p'€fqEd 3petdlg in
Eiglish aDd d&$ing in \ves.n slyled cloibs, Hc F.ferd to tuintrin lb. admilisddre
syst F at he pan@ of Bnd6h P!.lial@t&t fom of gor€mcnr. Tt agdd! m.idg n'te
n w slate of Pakislan, te$iotu ed wd with hdia, $e caiablislMl of ! bial
eolElmtrl a!t4!lB all@t nm s.&! B t o ltAi@ 1o Ele nDjd ci.!96 d
*ll 6 in lhe Bridrh d6iSned adDiristalivc Esid. Alhough Quid€-Azn liv€d for
only o.e ytr.nd i!&podeft.. hc did confq upon tb€ inhqitld administratiE syndr
hb Flsnal staap of apFolrl, His e offic.li& sic. of. nixt4 of Bdilsh dnd
P*i$ani Indd civil wi.e ofie6 ad LLr lhe om&E of 6e rc*ly cF.tld Civil
S.ryie of Pa$e.A a lh€ d&ol ndb&is fo golmilg lhc @u!tr,/ @ @Dtinued by
his sl@ss, o''ly lhe endu.l Fpla.mdt of Bitish offi6 by !3li3l.his M
.@pte4 Tbis .epta$ by Q@id+Azm .!xl olh6 tulowirg him of tlE i.hsir.d
s John D Montsom.ry, Sdt6 ol BuE.lratjc R6iom: A Typology ot po4!* and !otiti6:
PolirbEl aid r'dminbr.liv€ Dsveropm€nt Duk6 unisGity Cmmnwtfl studiB C6nbr, Ouke
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El|lm w mt 3b!r.d by dl poliiiol lad.c d Mb..s of l! civit *ic.. TIE cliE
srculcsP sls t pt iD.ll it wrs a ffi qlc !6vi@, it cd|'ollcd k y tl|nhr.t'iw
policy mltirg po3irioB lhBlgb irs @nrot of FrolEt Bisro.tl, tbreush
EdluislIMt Divisiotr Ir policcd iB on,n EDb, @rDlii|8 .n!y idlo lt civit si@ of
rrlistan .od lh. onF mtll lpaio! wiB {@ugh e .olrrE qeiotid F!c.du!
*!ich B bird ioerds rlE idividud! wtD hd @ivd e ctiri4 libqrt !r$
Bi6i9 .ducado dDugh rh. E diu of E!€lbh. Ito6. tEdir.d Omgh 6.
Pdiaid Civil Sdi€ Co@i3i@ .od bdeF prn of Oc Prevircid Civit Savie
@dd not rtiE io th. iop ftddd, FouEid d di*ic1 Lrcl F6irio6 oo . pat!:en
bnb. U rc bdi! qbich aq.nd.d i! 6nil epaid sic6 .ia id.podaE !o
imlu& Foviei.l cilil lavic. ofr6. P!ri!6ni lada$ip s.cl'd.d r!.o, lbG 6djnS
|!gh.d mrs P.tisEn PCS 0S6. b .ddiooo. ih6; wib ra}niqt .nd rofBsiolal
lr.inii8 Mrr ., clgies, docrorr .!d rcialids could rSiF lo lh. lop trili*{ivc
posts in th.ir ou DinistiB si@ t s. v@ tgvcd fo. CSP ofi6. Ita. idivid.l5
vilhin th. sysqn @pLd qilb politicil h.d6 *lF h&loEd E .tu61loMd! th. CSP
cliqc hm.d i!. b6ir for rgitrdoo lgriBt th. ilhsir.d 3ytur ed rnioi!Ld rlE
d.oat fq q'nirid.rirc F6@, Ilis d.o&d fd Efodiig tb. syrd b.gE lo
ddge In 1953, dre gov.(|wnt of Palind invii.d Ro$&!d Eggd nw USA ro
.Mjc prblic leior orgdiztioo lad neg.@.d &d ,o E& !@@od.tion! for
posibL cldg!. Hc nEd. tL blowiDg otdcndioo! Egrdirg t d.fici@i6 of
Fl$@lm$4e'Mt in Palis&.
Uniwirv P@ ourh.m 1969. Po, 427.a23
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0) Om@ iend io b. o$efud *idr wi@ nmb.ahip, ridc, clas and Ent
and 1@ litle @!dt d *ith pericula job 6loNibilitie'.)o
Howvo Pbfcsr ECeq did nor coEider ilEr ihe alove dc6cielrie wa
pe'tin io dE €ivil wie in P.kisllrj itcy d mE or lcs @omi to ooM
eo!tunls ds. Pladine modelario4 ESCq wler
'No civil sie sysreh cr4 wiih efety, di$€gdd acadcbic sr&dards in
its Eruirnot polici6 ; but it tuo! eiih sf€ty, b.core cirirety sub!€ruienr io
&adenic siardlrds. PeNml hw. io b. pui behind eme Mlls, b $e rEI shoutd b€
low rnd th€ saLs ftqucnt. Ai omer ousht lo h4ve som€ pride ofFryi@ and eva pri.le
ofpl@,b n ousht io b. cvm no€ proud ofthe wtt in \,bich l,€ is copoding ed
th. govemor which h€ is !edin8"."
ECgd lgmend€d i sdia liic mificaion of rhc .dirc goup oI hployes inro a
single Civil Sdi@ of Prld$6 wirh intcrn l greupinS eLly for adninisrrariv€
coavdme e.g. inio AdnirjstElion, FoEig4 Aldn & &@.D.5 Revdw, Engi@in&
EdBtion, M.dical, Potice crc_ H. also Mbhmd.d st ndardial p.y sal€! ba.€d on
cqpEh.Eive job drlysis.
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Eggc/s Eport qiricizd dE civit wie for tivine jn rh. pas ,nd ch!@rdizd rlr
adnbisalire ststeh 6 . stn m d.sign d for ! d.y rhd ns go@ by, H. rhd
ls'l]|qded a si6 of Edicat chrE* in ilE oraaialio! siEnlt !d imtio.og of
lhe Esldll Thc irted of th. €dDdd.d@ 6 ro eliminal. rhe.liE Bre of AI
: Esg:, I lo*1.nd rr. hDitumr oi puDr,c adm.m@ion ,n p.iri!n. Inrd setoBs p6ss
Ka€chi Novembd 10,t953.pp 13413A
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PalisbD S.d6 €+eialy CSp ard ro oFn up rh. srsle,! ro othd ry!6 ofi.lsn ad
t"jrir& 'fte CSp doninrred gow.Erofs Egoe b &* @or'lold.tios s$
oe3'live and re noi eepuble. b t955. mlhd U.S, qFn BdE d Ctadieq w
comr.red to udqtalc q aEllsis of govdmot orgaizador for Bijond d€wloplMr
Ar&@gh his fo@ ws titrle bii diffeEn! in t tu ofSened adminjsfaliv€ ltEre ed
f@tonbe, he agE€d with Egg€ls f4dings 6Dd Eomqdcd th€ me rcsadiDg rlE
wies srrcrft. Win\ l!. ",*CoN of hls I@@rE ddios egdding rh.
etlslishDot ofpbding c@mi$io at f.d€nt and bo.ds ar tE Fovi&ial t rcts ard {t
Blablislndt of iadoral lddinilrlrriE [nirirg irslirudonr nls orha.!@mdarjotu
"@ Ejor.d by 0E gov€morr tlle potiti..t inslalitjry oftE t95os % boueht !o
cloe with rhe d.cladion of M&dat tlw by pBiddl Askodd Mi,a who alpoinrd
Oeftal Atlb I(he s the CniefManiat law admirisralor. b t€ls th& one nonth, Arlb
Kh4 toptled Arkdd& Mia ud Crined onirol of rh€ @Dry. Dbrlg rhe @ly psn of
his rule, Atlb Khr. arlblisn d ovd t o doad-Efod cr4,s@ in sil a6 of
ativity ia Pslist a includilg puuic ddhinislEtion. L 1959, Ayub KatD ,ppoinbd rhc
chiefjEd€ of p.tjshn. A.R_ Coftti5, lo bed th. pay ed Sdjc6 Cmaision. IB
rDDda& wr lo e@jre !h. org&izarjon, srn n!€ od iucrioning of rhc .dninjsrlrivc
syst o and to n &e ielDmlddation io Arlb Khd. It loot tE comjssion ulil 1962 ro
subni ill rpon. lo esnc., its monnendadois lslled $oF or the Eeg6 ed Cbdiu
Epons, qlh a stong adlocey for Evmpiry dishict level turi{nd@ Sinild !o the
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Eport of lh. rrc Aftriq dlEirg tle Cm.lis @@i$ioa advo€Ld th. oFnioe of
lhe civil *de b stl qudified pe]jst.iis, rg&dts of 6eit pbf€sio$t, eduldoMt
b&IgD@ds. A@dbgtt th. doeirErjm of rh. Civil Sine of pr*jn ! @ to b.
.liniid€d.re Ar!b! @cdor B ullvoabra Alri dhere.izd rhe comission,s
lffitMdlrio6 a 6dhal chrt86 involvi.g a omplerc EdesiSlirg of lle dining
sh€n s ad ol8eiadon oI public seni6 whe6 mrldng @ul.l be do@ ar 6!i s&ge
shich highr diitupt rhe qtiE sdbhisratile systen. TtE EF,n w.q @ op€D rp (& civil
wie of Potisrd ro mititary 066. Alir pEgiig mE ih& d@. he6b€6 of dE
C€ntd SuFnor Swi6 ftnt, bdj& Opte6, hc souet ro omtop a coatilid b.tEn
thc civil and nitirary si6 rhal hc vluld @ntrot rh. airy of nitilary offi@6 rc
b€gu in U'c oly t 0b and @iniru.d iI !od.r.
e.xtEMenl % Ia&rhed ro €srrblish elonoeou @Dor"tion !o r.te @ of
cat in techiicd.sp.c6 of&vcloptk4 with a btr fl*iblc @.snutioA Mth l.red
adDinidaliw poea snd Mg noc fErcial amiomy. Ti€ @i! objer B b .ut rd
1aF dd !o comonal. on obainine hSibte !6utrs. .ft. nhber ofaurorcdos bodiB
b mi*d !o ma the fony h botn wines ofrt€ coulry.
TIe Section Ofrq Schc@ *6 inirbduced lo ,cdue lbe
srebrial stafi, io cur doM p.Fr hd( ed io obvtue @ays.
di{inction bet@n IiE ed $rtr c@rjr!.d io b. enpha@d
Rsorgal4 on or p.k,3bn Go@h.*, r- "" -a o**pl* , v", , r
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l Grades Ma@gqhl Cl6t; Dierid lwl q to divisiful
4A.dd.t Top dnectl, atd hEh.r (Pak6t@ aAninisbatire
Ore of rhe bod inFnal 016 ir lne caE of C.S.P. Offis v6 to fDdid 6
C@rdirror at Dislld ard Divirion l lcvels. A@dilg to lhe EPorr-
"Ibe
position of Coodinator ar disr.ict lw€l ard dlvisional levcl should be laid op.n io
llrmb.6 of ail the SuF.ior Sdieilo b€ &hieted by pw el@lid, p@f of i.ldl
shom, ord of posion of @tsgsid qpaciri6 *li.l bavc ben EPo\€d by ollg
oftliring.'
e. ao..
'Irr€ following obwation B nade b th. Fport E$ding DtLicl
"Ihe vdiou ntrdc of ! spcial nanE which e al p*trlitrcoryonled
ii Ll@ peM ol $e D.put, Comisioner should lheEfoE he epmled ard pl6c.d ud.r
'ftd s a rc$ of disnr by trc lffib.6 of lnis Comisio', itr $,hich inEtdia rh€y
mphasized ih. @rdjnatine bl€ olthe CSP om6. The following is d extrt ton dE
"With th. incjte in th. developmot tunctiotu of Govem6! the &.d
fordf rr?eofco{rdiialionddladeFhipofcrcdt'yoff@of theCSPi5rciovs Tlc
adminisualois tulctjon is 10 urdeslhd and mrdiErc pubuc ,olicy ed i .rDEr it !o dE
oFmiire *ryices Thc l€€hnicd ed profsio.rl hs& ofdE sdic6 cd seldom haw a
ooffi mnBanoannnfr 040n0n0ffi El
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A pilld of his nne B lhe ldmibjrF.riE sy3rcn wilh irs Eli!tue Won lb€ mdl md
det y tnit goup of SceEiis tdDilirt loe Howd bis song p6idddai fom of
govcmr @dd @t eDd@ b.yond his l€ow a had of ihc slaL. Ia 1969, udei
slren p6sw, h€ Gigned, ard appoi ed C.nad Yahya Kh6 Comtudd'in chiefof
Yahya Kb"tr duitg l%'?l M abelbed with ttF politicd pbbls of
Fasf.mns pow Eom lhe nilillry to d cililid scBsor dd Edot l is8 dividins
Pa!&nn betl6n th. V6t Plkistao dd Eln Pslilt.n. Y.hya nddF chrgcd th.
6np6iion of civil adniri-sdion tt trgjig 300 civil 0S6 lrd by cpl&ilgIh.n
with milit&y ofis. Ihu frlthd nililoization of civil b'E'|@y @ured du@g
1969-?1. bur he did not dtr dk orgtui""rioa dru.fu., dd frDctioning of th.
adnbisariE syste@ T!. civil bu@k@y hld uldaro€ a si6 of elba.*r ehich
hd sh,len itt id@lo8ic.l mmle Fi6dy, ltE .latio4 &d lhe 6€18.@ of
Mr Z.A.Bnuno in the West ?akjstd dd Mujib.u-Rdmd in lhe !as1 Palisun kmM for
tleir disrlsr ed dislik ofdtr civn wi@ ofP.&i4la4sP-tsis siN $Esrioc 6 ro
d. coDrinuiion of th. stsld. S@dly, the iEbilily 10 Flrc tbe Egioraly dodin.l.d
issB Fpdalira ldr. zulfiqd Bhulo ad Mujib, which ptevated a political i!htl€@.
Thjrdly, the civil {d illelf Fduc€d the tuk of lh. CSP and olh{ ed.d supsioi
si6. Ttr @ity thar .hareri2.d rt wie bcfN A)db @ 3d tb. politicd
@ndnties of lb€ pon 190 cn bad ! negalirc imp&l or ciul scqa 60'2l€.
Ai thc end ofcivil M in Ean Pahsr.n ir D€c.hbq 19? I, Yahya Khd ttusleftd polu
to M!, Z,A,Bhuno, thc cbaim of th. Phttuidn Popl6 Pdiy pno hld clduld o cL.r
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private coilohijoB md mpd 6. Thde &tiotu g.lmled 8ut dc.rr.i y in lhc
p.iv.te sror quing de drcp{tr of privalc inKtu€nl dd fic ennl tlieh of clpilll
noF the oury. ln tE @ of @mbic dcwloFd! Mi. Bbdo Ftain d Atob's
Nrtior,l Plming Comission but educed iis Dowd ed ble &d aiercd iis pows and
ble ro his offi.e, Pl@ contrnuld ro b. fodulalcd bu .@6ic dewlopd€nt
trmErd. issu.d tt tbe Ptim MirisLis otre Epl...d di^..tiv6 Nu.d r!. Ph@ilg
Comissioa.6'z
I,L. Bhutio bcu€ a victin of his os @don rov.rds lhe €nd ofbis nrL, .rd
@6.q@dy *n@ his opposirio chall€o€ed hin il M.r! 1977, he bjsj'dgcd it. Mr.
Bhuro failcd !o cultivale th. .apocity !o g.neBte ed lfiriz.lt infomldm A.n lhe
polilical, smmic &d *ial flvnoMeii Fgrrding dr €trat of hs polici* an
d..isioB. TIF crleity to eEo@rc aDd uliUu srKh info@dd b foed h tt
admiristaliv€ system bur 1,4r. Bhutio @dd lot find iin. b ftqtc a vialL sub6titut .
On July 5, 1977, tlE niliary, l.d by Amy Chi.J of SbE Ctl@l Zia ul Haq
siz€d powr in a @up. ftt &iion foloe€d nodls ofnodng &d blood rhed sdtiig
fron the Meh l9?? eleclioB, Upoo slizing FoE, Cftr.l Zia plaed Mr. Bhutio, rhe
elered Pim. Mini$d ud!tr dcr€trrid. Z'a's intdtioN w amurcd to 6ioF ordd.
n diat b.r@n ihc Pali9d P@pls Plrty !d oppositior politi€l pdli6,lo hold w
gwnl el@tioB ed fin lly lo Ftue to $ldi€iing. But hc did mi tulfll ey of his
4 Gd€ndcnt ot PaklsEn Inpl6mstarion or r.dmlni.ts tiv. R€iom Rul6B R€gor.iione,
Inslrrcrid Etc. lsl5mab.d: Admhi.lraiis Rehrn3 Cen C€ll.et S!@tariar E.bdrrhm.nt
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publicly staled mdEii@, I,{r. Bhuno B .h{ged silh @Npi@v to mudd a polilicd
opponor a&l plrc.d or riEt. Duilg his tral, the govedlMl bcgo tb. I{!.s of
.@ubb ily dd pDculd sr@l whiL pape$ l@tdilg lbe nkr bv Mr' Bhltlo of
his office and powr. Th* do.wtrts in @mbifrnon Eith Edio a.d Llwisioo
b@dc8rs! sw llE sovcmot {Ig lgaini Mr' Bhtlo
Pqt of Zia s intdiion b esioE ordd ad nabilit to th€ @uEv involrcd d..ling
with l|.). chr!8!s d!d. i! tE or8E i2nio4 snudure, ad fwlioniig oflh. .dnjrislrivc
sy$em, InI€b 1978, ziaappoi .dacivil sNicedmisiontc'b.chaiEdbvthechi€f
,!$ie of lhe Pakjne suDr@€ cou4 Anw&ul_gaq Thj! ct)mjsid! chdge E 1o
lsbmnd I|6G for @ring lh. public *Pie ad efreciirc iElnllml for.diond
ddelopnot md for lhe ptuolion of lh€ e@d and lb€ wlfae of thG p6Ple Th€ Egg.r
ed GLdid cDotts of ll)e 1950's tlE c(fuliB &d Po$€r eporc of ih€ 1960's ,nd rhc
Admitos@iv. R.tom ol I9 t. \@ the tsIcotrDoid ior this ommssion.
Tle civil *Ni6 @nisid $bdi!.d ils !!ron ro a3 ir Novdbd 19i9.
Al$oud ihG Epon ba nol b€€. made public, a nmbq ot ils €dhedatiom [ad bq
Flea$d tl@ush ln. IlN d.di4 T1E omisio la.l.d @'tici$n sl lbe 1973 Efom
bdicdjle rhar lMy r@ mt nnly implffii.d Il s t@Me btioN cllcd lot thc
inplcneniation of rh€ 1973 domendaliotu in li€ Nr! of t@tic clrsificdim oldl
positjoG in 8oillrrlmi. pqido! d@iltion ofr all posiliod itr l€tu of durics,
Espo.sibilities and qDdificatiod for p.sitioq perfomece €rdulio& th. .slablisbmol
of sr.rdardiz.d, valid, Euable objedre Frfdlrt@ €\€ludi@ prc.dn s t?inj4 ed
DivLo F@ Algu.t 15 !070 b NoMbd 30, 1973
noaHoffi fr i0f, ononE$fltrofi fi nnfi 6rmffi n060noffi
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.Slr/ q{it'.'.r.y e.-.to,.
of @mdic &vdopmdl .ulbdity io l@l b.di6 of elcLd omcials bld t'G of lhe
Ayubis Bsic

.sl,l q{,ro'.r.v
As rcglrd dr is6u of @ntollir€ ih. bumetun acty Chi.f Exa'niE in
Pati$.r siM ind.pad.tr! hd dt bF.d !o 6tab[!b coftol oE lh. .Fx of lh.
srs1d, Som hld ben 3lesstul such 6 AIlb Khar @d Mr' ZABhun!. Bul
@nlrolling rhe dp€x is nor @ntrouing lhc syg.n. I(retully Ftrbg or disising highd
civil sdt5 Bin nd aftct lb. stsLm 3 a w!oh. As long a gormmni pited6 a|d
infom.lid systaE tflain bche8.4 conirol of lb€ adminisftrion ard tu svn@ will
be 6rlir.d to Islrtrabad or lh. provi*id €pii.ls,
S@nd is the issu. of dom dtalis ad lhis q?€ of a.tivity should @otinE io
b€ p6!.4 Th. .x@d€ ofMr. Bhutlo is to b. folo{td
'Ihird is lhe ada$diiity of thc adtniatdit sy$.m 10 Mlk br ih. peren i!
powr, 'nEe is mueh hiriodql didda to supFlt $s eni@ lt is rh. EtuE of lhc
brchs bu@y to @h slw ae@od,lio witb eiloeE i! i! poB Tt'e ligne
nflon
bul@oacy nay nol b€ rcpl*ntaiivc of tlt p@pb n Sovhq
bu1 high ltrl ciYil o6c6
in all $i.ri6 ud.Blard loE ald iis w. IrE bjltory of Prtjst r supFrts lhis
FoBrh i! tlE o ituitv of di$i.t Lrcl odniniladioo Urril dldt is t viabL
sy$em of .l4t€d lMl govMl mihinc shon of a !|a @ltnron *iI sltcr lb€ sp.
dd Etue of drrticl administalio q tlF Doq6
posss.d Md adisd bv dePug
@@i$io6. Awb3 Besic DeIMei6 ed Mt Bhudo! pdv nedbes c.re cle !o
altedng adninistr ion at this l4cl bul o.ly ienpoteily. Ihe Elwtar@ of politicd
ldddhip.rrn c..ter lo dct€gat pow ald tEsl)|l6 ro previmisl lDd lail l*ls b.d
be€n a ch@tdslic of govtu4i in Pakiltan siM 1947. 'IrE Isldi. R€plblic of
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Pakjid h a f.dcal Epublic oily in ! fomal s.@. I hld bdr ! bigl y @tdizd aDd
biiart 9pe go@.nt in !@ne.
Finh is lhe endual eosion of civilie @trol &d incrcsi.e dodimdon of ihe
nilirary ovq civilifr lead.sbip and adniDirt{i@. nis pd6 bege b the @ly l950s
wb€. Awb Kh4 s Ady Ct)m,!d.. in Chi.f b.3& b erl hi@lf iD civilis atraiG
dd niliilry ircFolion E le8itinizld in P*irla, Alihoud Ayub be3m a civnie
leadq, &d rne nilit!ry dnd few monlhs of the eup @ed 10 b. a diFct pariicipel in bis
gowcn! hc did ift$de military otrc6 into civilie adnini5lralire rc16. Hk
slr]:.ss C€l@l Y.bz KboD L!€d nilit ry offi6 cxc.sivcly in civilie adninislrEtiv.
positions. Wilh tn. cxception of ttte f61 five y€d of indcp€ndeoe lhe only olhd
€xtosiv€ penod Btrn nilirory innw@ M in misio. Civilie @tbl ova bod civil
nd nilit&y adhi.jst iion E qcri.d- Ho&€ niliiary infllEG .nd domiDalion
tfuE d roE virulq{y ihar a€r and July 5, 1977. Milirny @ntrol duirg Zias
pdiod dLrded dom !o th. districi level. All provimial govel]s EF milirary omEE
ininaly anq July coup. Zia appoint d hieh our justie s gov€moB ed lmy fertehl
ed pblincial s€.ren i6 rre hiliidy ofr6. Th€ irtt@ of dlc nift&v in civil
&lnjnisdotr had b€oh. a len of Pilis"i Sovmr
ald polidca
Although the evolrtion ofth. public adninistdtion system in Pakislan ha pusued
16 oD uqLc pdEm, lhh .xFieM 6 d r0|,ll'

Srl Qlrrootry
sie9 will b€ d.rsdircd lars.ly by d.cisi@ ad edm y.r io b. rrka Eforts !o
Efod adminiitrsdon on lhe pattefr of 1973 EfoE
into amut whdr h6 hapFn d in ihc p€st dd the
edcipatcd filh s.c !!)!!sW of calainay-
Pmf6riond, Techrologictl rd hmvttivc
Adnioistretive Rcforns.
e.r.^@
in Pslist n if su@sirl DNr takc
qtar to $ti.h the nnw @ be
Sigritreoce of
The @in obialive of admini$Dtirc Efolm evc+vhcF is to govemdr &ton
toulrd d.v€lotDe obj€cdB ad b lak€ &eanl of tE tmy &d @6plq i .r-
deDendcocis of $ielal .hduE, WirI s vio to m*c eoffic.rd adrili*di@
dtMic ard iNvalivq Ibe adDinifillion B Efo@.d
'It€ signi6@ of Efom 6 be N$d if w exmire tE fatu$ of the pt-
refom law-md-ordq bEou@y tn t m oftcn al od& qith d.relopn nl adnjni5lErion.
Pady b6aE of lleir dtsch€d Fw pGitioir Fily hc$* of tb€n $f-iD"g. a
guadius, p6.dy b€e of 0En coni.oF for ih. tehli.il8 aDd hel t qurlifcd
acldoicidrs, the fomd @lonial wies did mi l!i.e dily d kindly io Ew
adninhtEiive nissio.s ft lo dfraids for populd panicipadon. -IrB, for $@ puFes,
th* admhistaloB colnitutcd . $o!g beid io administtiv. cbde..
Orc eil *al 10 gIgq roo, r!. qi.ni ro r$icb dF tlditiooal Elues, insiituiols,
ard bchavioF @nsitutd obsa.l6 to th. @lid of rinini(htiw capa.iy csMtid for
eonomh dd sial d€reI@m€dt. It b cld th.l tuort of lhc coldid sies hdlagp
86 ituompatibl. with chae.. M&y sr*li6 of Paliltaas bu|an&sy had alqred u ro
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SI'r nlat ...r.t
nns'o€m@ns
ft1y
e.6.toq
tlE dslcd of assine dDr lhc pan€rn of wi6 itrtFitcd 8om dF Bririd, f,n @uld
I
cver pobol. glruirc qautg. for sid nrd polilicil .h!nge. lEvitalty, $c @tErchd E
idnirstr.tive sy*.m 6ins mjd ch{A6, The oDly oppornuig for in@6ins H
-H
otuids.d srlmr md 10 patEtu of ilsk @lunon $at did noi oFnly ed *.iously
rdmirislriw ..pen, i! sh a $ndiolr E liniEd to th@ lasb l! h@cr.ls B
ch,lldg.lhd s1ans. Mmy i[-6ted andps.r bl!@cEric Efotu i! 1950s atd l96os
hrw an $ed rt r.ffdrs !o i:{fu 'i.i"id'nvc eleig $!!.lnlcdy lllgI€ned th€
cntMch.d b@uo&y douleEd fohid.blc oppositioD hrd exrmely iou8)l sLdding
ed 6Elly cndcd duing !E pltps ofinpLdcntdiotr
Evide@ @lld€d n@ Eiou ddonial snines is etotrEly suggBlive of ihe
fet that nol mwh 6 be done by wy of iftsing or inFoving ldnili*aliv. cipa.ity
unls thos€ ii favor of admbistdiw ds4lopmd rc th. orql conlinoB, 3!d
sincle-ninded support ot 6ll!l politicsl leadc6hip. Mey Efom pbpos.ls. othwie
En coMiE4 ulusly fizlc @t rt tE inpldml,tior n!g€- wtEG th. r+t r@.lB of
lhe idigmN blercn y @ rcl favoEuy dispoccd !o*ed cl@ge lhey tui ,rin
puaoeitl digae fom phil@pheF of adrninisrativ. iNvalior A.lminisE tiv€
tdfmmiolr io 3u.L ! nnedoa tFo@ urlikelt. H@ rh. rele of top Poliliql
lad€ship b.on6 ihFri,rt
Adnitledl, th€ adninistElive efm .pp@.h sd io otrer PoLntjatilid fd
helpDg ihe i'ngov@lof d.r€loFndt *riG in P*isl& 11 ofras a wy oftridgjig
rh€ grps be$@ rh6ry ed @lion ir adhinist*ivc Pm6s. It Fovid6 a wy of
oalttiolly dd opqalioo.lly @Nlidatug t[e wic F ls of 8orffittsl
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St"/ R{"tr..ary
e.-*a.
wnnino{fignnrEc g6s
orsdizli@ FurilEmE, it se6 lo pdvi& a ofteFd Fe.m* cqudly
mdirrftl ar both a l!l!m &d.gsegsL, lev.l ,nd ! miN, d disasreglttd lcvel. It
.ls offe6 evid@ of im.niate wfirlne$.
Undd the overall ftanEvqt of adninhtalivc FIom Ervd io ihe mtio4 dE
ouFlts oflhc Esl.m will b. th. bpols or 4lio8 thal mcl Lchucal d€Elop@n @.ds.
'fte Ffotu he ben d.sisn d io h'rc iryutr dd sb"pe o'tlus in ce'sl)|lae {nh
the p@f.siooal ba.lgrculd ddc4qidE of rt telEicio.
Ad,nidsltiE Gh@s doiv. th.t foe tdn th€ 6sqg of nalioDl
delelopo€nI rtory od prlcti@ $ijch swg.$s d.v.loPE rf of hieldy qulified ed
skil!.d l@pokr, Every wtr@ th€ body of d.v.lopmenr adnililtnli@ kbwl€dge ed
exp€rioce idennics sinild llchnicrl ne€ds for lh. @inlcn&ce &d oDearion of
gor€lr]lMt, I'lle philsopny of d*loplol adsi!tuirdjon iMryord€d iD !b. rciom
f{)(xs aiGrtion on tte quality of .!gil@!, ptFici@, s!go.s, aiorlic ae.g/
*ialist,' ald 6TCns in lolni.d rd .dnirislrir t .l@lry *tto rsr b€ mi.d;
Fain d ord dlmiLd is pan of d.rclolfihl anior FDb lhe Efom @ bG d.du..d
ilre pMedG n€cded for $afrd.lelopmdL thB rh.ldr! of a.tio to prbvi& fq ih.
iehli.d rccds of d.veloDnet k fodd in ibe Efo@,
Cov.mqi oryqizrtioB in Pakistln wjll b€ vieed s inpoflql b vis of thcii
domiimi ole in dereloPtrent &hi€v.ftnt. IrF rcfom3 o@n!€s aI of 1n*
oeejz.tiom *iose tech.j€l ...ds aI€ mulritudims afd stjch e ohplqity inr.F
Elar.d. Th. Ffom @ .lird.d .r Minbiring r[. rablcFn dd Fldio.Sips ofd.
.dninisFadv€ saf ro @t rle qui@6ts,
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6En60E|ogn€
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ftF a&Miltradv. Eforu a th.y d 6M't€d bt th. Go@l or Paritu
fr tn"ot* *i'g "p * l*i*i6 trh s ihc ome of oDbudso sdd .dninisnaliE
5'
hbud3 o eedds old oc sb rh. p*sfle nd i..!wie Eaidns i61iblioD
E
b abiNe a d.si,Ed d.Elopnor-Elaed odpd. To Fn in eda My. 6. odpu imrge
E
iniGd
E r dr (foms d'fi6 tum me beirS pDdkd by our-d.rdt par* ot @lonial
fr *a*r, ** * for a ftw o' qonsljfte

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Srr/ Qlnr'rry e.^.re
wt n tlE so*rh of the @8eizd@ b viesd in tem5 of th' iltdi6 u*ed
abore. lheir d4elopddt aPFs b b. balm€d The sFfret|v o*N tul onlv in df,
Ghrim of ore i$rind@ ro abtlE but i, elati@ of sltrn$ituti6 sithia 4
in$itution. And rhe nos! b.reficial efect of adninistltie Efom palaitu to in16_
sioBl pdnctbility of tabrologf dd no@ Th. bl!!a|l.sy mv nN be aubLd lo
abelh supsiortannobgicrl ed mative @bpehncies hdn olhd sto6 IIF Ffo@
wodd gffit€ su$ci.nl oaibility in lbd to .xr!d & inkkc appa.tE b ql'a!6d
stds & prdn tirc al aDy givcn tine, of $Fior dbugh mt !)c€gily surplE
I ic .vids! for *sDdq tbd @rr€€rial iehDolog/, udd th€ inpa.t of
adninistativ. efomq k derelop'ng ar a nuch gMt r p&. mw lb,r n M th. cs in
1960: I is @@iva!lc thal rhe tecbmlogicd ouput my gD b. slFior to ilE
r€chnologiol gmsth, if dy, that midt h'v€ llk€n plee udd th. int@ of clNi@l
gdrtdis. ftis is bciig dotu of brirgiig inlo lb€ puuic b'll@@y talst iom othd
*io6. The plblic pqs.ml aglrEi* of both th. fedenl rnd lhe prcvieial govcmdts
d gEdully opdine tu II|e4 of i .ke e tb.l .ryly @6gcd i.l@r @y haE
nobilig. Evm $, lhis nusl howvd, be .lorc with @ lesr slr insinrtioN nonopoliz€
Anoder faloEble imDad of adninblrativ€ Efom @ be obs.d in de
cnqg€@ of ! hiCy dtMic n dib fd rhe dimlio of rq lcl@log/. Veiou
b@umlic DddDlogi6 suh a €xd.@ cl6! coNioM6s in sfli€s rnd th. t nd€my
of p[.@tiig iop el.h &.ddtrtcitu aon tlring -liE a'd ll@ingfin len ia th.
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.9r.t q{rtr.'.t.y e.6*-6
adnintEalio! of pubtic .&i6 caDlcd by ih. .uro@dc efet of Gtainiry sid
posilim by mes of thc petFnuton of @lonial ll{)fu e b.ing cu€d ald @y
disapp€d @t in vat dbtani tutw. hts{irucn!"I tairinS, prop€dy comeiv.d dd
inplemslr.l dxl spponed by insriMoGr ir in vis.
A cefi! ddimtid of th€ om!.mt3 of Efom ovisg.d for public wicd
Eveab lhar rhc pld wil @ntribul! io poliiiel d.EloFMr Ttc @ificalion of mi6 is
innBing mrhGie in roblic Fads ro pomi. t ed.blilhlmt of & il*inrio@l
app6ah6, which h6 rhe lol.rri.l foi @trvdio of vdid qpEsi$ of populai *i[ itrto
etions which e &irly F€diclrlle. IrF EfoE wilt pttpe the pubtic sie to
cultivate fa.ulli6 for the cobprElEBion of issB, a...ptaDce ofpcbonal tgloBibilig,
md @Imilln€tn io orddly p$uit of€hmgq
Atlrnini*alire bajning indindioN hsw ste ben howht wiihi! fie pwi of
adoitrieralE EfolN TIEy @ off.rirs ol|g in derelopodr adnirildErj@ .rlE
(rJllB c nedily bqtjng lh. m@poly of lhc bqeuo.lic ctire or adnirisrdiv.
l@io& IrE iainins beine imp.ncd in th* instiruritu b pmis.d otr Nah @epts 6
a@utalili9 io thc public, equ.liq of opFnuity eilhin lbc lubtic sie ald inr6-
bwa'mtic pafljcipa$on in dccision malins. ltF @lgdizd rlbjns tho, lh.
nodmiziog fenent in which rcw d@rire is dimBed &d irdigdi*d.
ArDlha po$iblc advalrag. thar sloutd mm!6ny a@t@rior in iie p&e of
idplefubdon of adbi.istdiE Efom muld be e iflir.e id rh. cflerivqB of rh.
h@ucdy a a sial bad for ihe di66id of id@toe/ !d lahmbgl. ft.
hituhic€l lrd di$ipLined Dare of th€ strrrciuE @uplcd *iIh
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Str/ Q{ntcrretry e.-*e.
The intemd Ehionship6 of buanrcr', udd irre iopsr of adnjlis.live
Efoms, * rnedng .frati!€|6 in €s.blishi,g ih€ b.sis of siat ddd ad @Foic
src l'. Ind.Fnd€M fron and e(crn l cotonia ,Et€ the bl@lefuy d @ iat
.lenenl u Dopuld soci.tizdion, Ill lq1d.l du1i610 ihe silv e n€6qy €j@1s ir
d@nic dev€lopmdt its ilr!fut b.liefs ad a!ind6, dDwiIg tom fie leiat a.d
@edc asiErio6 of rhe Brio& e srnbols of a civic c!ln@, Th. Ffom @EciD€d
in 1973 @ e !.ftd€rins lhar in *&r.va di@tion rhe bLEuey r@ks! it fds ir! oM
ole .nldg€d and qpdded. whar is visibte b rcl onty lhe lssigm@t oflw ot6 ro the
b@u@y ,r{t e.gdizri@ of rb. govm.nt's in*l@nc or&lio bu .tso, wirhin
tn. b@k@y it*tf, rcw pcrlcptioG of lhe siety &d the $fte @ fr€.ging.
Admitristntive Reforn proDolirion$
Both the edonat &d intaDlrio.al €diti6 havc ,equaly slr.ssed rhc ,E d for
la4.-el. adninisr8liw imp@vhm|s ir patisra!, Scv.ral c@b$roN of inqli.y and
@lmitrca \@ .ppoiltcd dsirg th. pad fitiy y6 10 dii,covd lhe @s ofderctop,nenl
ed chdee in adbinjsr?tion. Tt€ pEs€nr Edtu h6 tal@ sps o siture public
admi,jsrzrioi and ro @ry@jze pudic wj6.
In spir. of impov.d@ts h vdjc AI€B of.ddinisrldik &tjviry. rhe
*pesio. of tehnical erj@s is Er.d€d by eh. lEBiste ddicidcid in
adminisr{ion. The value of inv6tucnLs in rts@h io olte@ uEF darci@i.s in
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Srrr Q{"rEary
mpow rF herEgdqt of goremdr .tep&rrEn! eitdprises, .nd oile idstiturjod
cheged wilh ddelopnar EsDoBibitilic!. Mcb@ io iftqe ne.g.mar clpobility
should b. cotuisi.nt wi& pbgllN for adninisbrriv. rcfotu ed idlrlly should fom e
inr.8'sl parr of srch pegrns, Atlholgh @dd.rabl. progK has beo nad€ ir
slstlBaliziDg frowLdge i! v&ioB fi.lds of pulUc dhirisalion, pakilfa! hls tagsd
hehind in t!*e! o! a @Dp€r.lire basn wiIh de @tu€qlE@ 0|it tudin8 cdld b. dtu
fd ihe iopovodt of F!@4 rFjlin& irsiinllion hitdilg, adbhisatirc Efm\ erd
*""94.nt hForsban. To rlur.!d u auio|rlmus, public adairisrlrid r.s..rch
616 @ ddctop a loq-tug. proglD for $c o(hsl of B@h rhal eould tulfl rhc
adnini*arive n€€ds, A@s@cnls shodd b. mad. for te syridrali. dchdge of 1he
6dr of G@h e thal idonation of valw k rh* oglged io nnprcving
.ddinisration for d*lophqt rcutd &^tua[y E&n rhd. fdtaal ard pbvircial
lmne6, membes of nadonal snd peli@isl ssDlien mdbqs o{ hiebo bu@]ecy
professional ad 14hnicat pq.omel, isrktoE in elbitr8 ismd€i sDd orbeB irwlv€d
in adrniri3rEli@ fo. dw.loPDdr slbdd forn pan of & idir@lior !.r_rqt s,hjch
r@vid\6 sihulB 6 Bdt s th. tard i.f6rDri@ tb3r wid lelp thd! e.hie d. nidrd
Fsibl€ lcvels of p€rfo.ore.
In qd.r b set@rc d€rctop4trg lh. Co\cm€.t of paes.n rn y frd ir u*fu 10
ddiE lhc @jor fa.toE lfeting ir adminisratiE cjpdulity for d€wtor@nq kcp
lh€n hda s4ndl Fiq. ed f@B €flon on ih@. An .f€diw appeah to inc@ing
oq..rr adninbrlrive cap.bility h ro link su.h cfod *irh d.vclopm.nr pleDiry.
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n'e subjeci of inaeNi@ Eaining hs @ived . gcat d€al of .tt! ion Ior m@
th& a deaad. in Patblar An$ Fvidirg ou &hiw@dis ard the lite6{w produced by
the taining instittios, one wuld be dwLrt to sggcat tlut * in P8jdltsn blE
d€velop€d a sy3&n that could *re a e .tre.tive tool for th€ inpo\mol of public
wice, Th€ s@s of ou araaddi for tr.ining plblic sdir is too linitcd. atd
th@ e $ my preblm thll l!@in uelv!4 lhd lh€E is imedi.L need for
ondu.dng a onp@dre sbdy of poblh addiniilrltid tailin8 and t!34h. TIe i€d
for sh a rrdy is obvioN bc{e w cimt .ffonl !o 6 in@ fd long a o.na.d
slded of ed@tional Flpddi@ fo ou Fbli. wi6. W. n .d fo. i[ir pu!@ a
ikliole pln of public "t-;i"rrion tlinirg .rd 'ls6h.
IMel d.v.loFn ih$ugh pFwie &d in-eie t!i!i!g ha mt b@r
st@lin€d iD lalistln. Lr6pit !.d for r wi& @9. of t initg ald fo. advalc.d
profsional ed@iioA litd. hs ben don l,o up8r.d. ft qu.lity ofir$Erid Alhough
all th€ in-wie trainj4 iBiinniN e had.d by g.ndlisis Som of tho la.k
ffidy ac.dcnic iEighrs ro girc pop.r diGdon wilh d. oi!.q!eM tLl ilE
insitu!@ N dMyins fast,
bsisnifiqt €fon hs e far been dEde 1o di6i9 tlioing ptugMs ed Flatql
l*dh in odr ro mei .Lrclopmdi 'lquiMdis Thc b$ii!t$ of Public
Adnjnislralion need ssista$ to fmilidi4 $cn idtktos wilh n* €oMprl of
n1@gemnlj ud to inFove th.k tnining stills, !sin8 Nw tlinilg Delhods and .Lvic6
to pr.FF ad updal€ tEjnins m.taislsr io org&iz. &d coidut Prc8t"N for the
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dcrelopm€nt of s!€.ific car€gorica of p€Mftl; lo otg&i4 m&rgcm@r advisry
wi6; .nd io .tre.r swl orgdiznio!.I cbaB. snd &r€loprmr s is Equi&d to €.aU.
lh.m io b€rls ftlfil the 'quiEmdr6 of e.@nic srd siat ploerds. As Eainjrg
pogfim nun povide d i@insly hjgh tewt of ir$iEljoa in & eq-widcnitrg @ge
of $rbjeb !o a opidly iD.c.si.g trubd of pllljc oDtot€€n 0@ h uBot tEd io
insftnio@liu dgstE io rlir rbc tdm rqlired b, ilsiituta oftubtic ldDinisr im
ir qd€r 1o k€p tIeD ulFio-d,le in d€ rubjers ed @rhod. ofinshdion ad io devctop
a tuUy 6 posible li]len taioils skjlts.
'nE raiiirg i$ljtulioN have yel ro
adninistration irutrucrior TnininS p@g'm @ noi y.t spoMed join{y by two or hoc
DrjoMi tniring i.nitutioN. No siintur €fon is in wid.n@ b .stablish Egional and
subEeion l ilsrirulioM ro sft sp€cist riining,
dcmsurte exatl.@ in pubtic
The $eity of tr.iring RUB in @mp&io wirh &rEl FIsDcl ft.dl,
prniddy h hgtly sp€iatjz.d Grpslio$ ir d. public wic of plhn r in@s
tE inporrn@ of t3jmring rlE ioE diire FquitlIM!, of prbiic sic ,rd of
dcveloping suitrblc r.idin8 logtus ro mer ih.m. Speial s|M,s @ .sgdat io
d.LdiE rhe p|!gl tud tone-r.fr requil!@t!. cllmr avahhiliry of quatiE d p6eB
'nd pe-*ryie dd in-sFie rainile quimdt to p.od@ the gFs of pubtic wie

.srd q{irr'.r.y
oorKdf,nn60doffin
h the .fort to &l
admini*aliE slsico in P
oPpbdh6. s)stenaric r
mr.,gmql i4hriq'r€ mdd conrrihie ro*ad 6eil sold w in goMrnc rl
An inporlart prcblen ofaddinislrztion in Patklln ir rh€ develoDnql ofs'5Gn
for |r@ .fativ. latlicip"tid of dplolB of all Llcls in sorq!,el in ! llglG dDr
inprcvd p€rfomo@ whn€ fclqirg mployc sltisfa.tioo .nd hlmonioE inrqpaenal
Ela1i6hip6. Snrdie hlve slDM th.r oq.lph$is @ auihodry in adhhi$ati@ h6
inp6iftd plldElivity ed slid.d dtrhim of th. sub.rdir.tc Dlblic sicc,
Imginalive tlBG d r..dcd in Pakhfu ro pono€ dd sutsin the incBr of
citiz6 b the adoiniiaidotr of public aflaiB, to givo ihem . s.N of p.dicipadon in rlF
dsisiG of gorrcm.nt l ae€di6, ad ro coble Ud b orllihne !o b.tler
adnilistetion. Ciiizo pafiicip.tion in pnblic adminisrarion wuld b. o imporr.nt
sfegua.d agaii$ the a!u* ofadDini5t8riw .rrhdirr-
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A! impottarl cmluion thAl eDsg6 from ihe shrdy points to th. a€d for a
@DpEhcBiE dm of l[e rtble plblic wie sdurrE, iEluditre siewid.
@lrsification of pons, ch{A6 in the erls ed in the rcliFmot ad p€tuio. s'3tems,
idpm@61 b dgei2atioD, m*j,E @th.

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@ rasfd of ps$B 8od oE ro &orhd, rh. inFnle of [r*s of rhis ldid b6l)c
appaMr. Th. lonpoEry re$er of Fec, for iDslee, ton dE public sdDidsr*io!
[ajnidS innitudoB lo dF Egrblj$|mt DivjsioD ald lbe vi@w @ de! $is n cd.
A lnid potDsition concms $. ElatioBhip oftechnicd sF.idists ro s@rlisrs
wirhin rhe b@auEy. The sF.ialist should hrv€ pdity of .st fr and his ble in policy
rutinS snould b€ mdihizd $rrch!"t ddi6 within rhe pubtic ddni,isrqdon 6
enhdc lhjs cLrionsnip, Howd, rhe sr.ci.tists slaiE @ b. siAifi@tly inpov.d
only rhen l€chnical qultificarions @ hiehly Egeded in tlrc adhi,israrire snine.
A founh !rcposition @ncem the .t lb.Ere id.nrificarion of imanon with ihe
conventohal $@.s of b@al@lic pokr ed thc eslablistlrot of . net wort of
adhnristalivc pr@edEs froh which the bl@u&y camt €${pe. This apFds
qp@irlly Flcv{rt b€€ue ofihe isoLtioa ofeDe otrcq!, whj.h linits th. diffision of
movrlio. in the upF *hetoB of the bu@w@y.
Ye! edEr iDrDltar protDsition Etdar io the fi{egic e of pbtic tunr.
w'th &palby ed cEaritty. Thc qstd of bulfu@y UDt w bav. inlFir.d tbn $e
Bnfth blis te injiiarjv. of llblic surs od pmore ,!6olute c.o1btuity wi6 rhe
@tu quac ulr $thts lfuin $!Ed of qplNing d opiaion djfant toD rhoe
held by rrre bjghd,u!6. Nolbilg is mc ddDgins ro dE .dDid{rrlion rb,, lhn l.nddv
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qlich @re a vcd.d Dt*n ir minLidng $c ies qb. Tbc Cio@r shod4
th@foE, d@uagc {r. alility 10 llink imeimiively ud.ertively. Thoe Fss.d of
6iti.ri f&rlis should b€ Endldcd &' lle MiDu possible qtelr lisitlnioMl
a@g.mob @y b. mlde io p[.vml deteior.lon of t ldis ed b f&ilirll. go*rl of
Mey ob6erv.B hav. idcnii8etl lhe politicizlior of tbe public wi6 6 one of
thc plonditiN of @ipalion. Tbis sysi.d should bdde l* co@tr€d with
ruinLlning ordq dd supplying 6lrc nun qith a@osodatine wioB gb!p6 to th.
nuM* of i!. @Illiz€d polity, Polids 61lE the llw &d otda sbould now be lhe
mjor 6lm oI sl@snn adninistnrio Public Adnidsrator in Pakislsa wuld b.
I3r borc .tretile if sdminjstral!ts tqd to h€ moE pohicizrd. h ! demd.atjc Feime, ih.
b'fta@y i5 vis $ a fFt ccp ir rhe poliricil si.liadon of rle public. Efo.ts ar
adninjst{ivc Efom cmol be divoed tom poliris in a tleneEtic Egih..
Indigaoc dd foEigr obs6 hlve bcn dE le.dls inrcltq@l of ligh l€wl
b@lcdls h 1he &sils of progm .x@ution, rh. bwillilgrcs of starlreNiou toF
lercl hE !@ts !o d.Lgr& EspoNibility ed 6e equd Ebdlm of l()vq-l€vel
m..agcE lo eepl gMler BFN'bility- Public Adbjni$adon cdedon l pbgtuc of
whaGvcr sp€inc fom! sldld trle suh sirariotr @tuly inlo &@ul od sbould
qpl@ th. aldt to *nich indigetrow vdB &d othE elvi|r)!|tMtal &d!R rill FDit
a noE prodDlive w of qisling mmpoE eou6.
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Ald@neh suddt! ofpottic 'r-i"i.r$d sJgg6l tbrt rhe Public st6 dpuld
povid. ih. baic c@diaion for cqmbic clEng. ed th.t thc Hnds of addilimal *ilb,
orgetition dd ontrol! lhrl $b!.qEnr gresrh Equir6 cs b. pbvid€d by the FiuL
setor, the initEtir for Mh a c@lFtnrion b€r@n the Fblic .d lhe pdst! s&ior must
.om€ Eon Dlitical ledenhiD.
It ic pcible 10 .xploc wiilt diligcncc,nd for6igl qady how lle bulics
c{)muiry @ ddibue ro lt. eloal! &d nod.nialion of hblic Sdie in PsIi.{D
In odqto srl@lie pblic wiccq it beri.l thrath. bsitB c4M@iry bc
givd *qu& EFe1rdon d i.riodl pLDi.g bodi6. Joilt tr.iliDe F!gr@s, st a
th@ offtred by l[e Pahsa. AdEiaiftdile $itr C.[.8e lhordd h. orylnizd i! al
previtr6. Tn GoiElml wil fld ft Etul io e@rd €plwndon to tlE b6i]B
@mairy otr ninisterial da arivc comitlcd, Il wuld b. d.sinll€ to inditute
€xchege int n3hp prcgus for niddl. n@€€mnt FsoMl in ihe putli. dd
baitus b@i€s. Of equd imponle. sruld t€ th. ue of indEtrisl lropow
taidlg d€viq 6 a tI]€4 of lqoililg L thc pobli. bu:!.ll@y th. rE€d.d qei"liad
dd lliehly cchdcrl adnhisaliv. rrldt
Tlr brlmqry srill op.nl6 Fdg Ddr a n cboosc., lh6 idaeiti.g
qtifi€al ts'd@ia. Th. @tdiz.d brEudlc lulhdig, m @rr&r bow mjrgly
oFn lo Elional llE dB ard qilicd *lf{pF.is8l, $ft6 td qodilg ca$q'EB
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of iela{@ tom hoB t ald 0!6 icponilg ald diricien. In swh a 6!aljz4 @ieic
ard M..@peddre sysiab, lhe e.!Fts.i@ of c@Flili!,. nilid f(rc lh. c!.!gi6 iiio
ch&!cls, wtich bare !d!ologi..l inplicaioB fd !d6ini$.tiE @rg@.nt
ot ehols ed ac{demjciN; rtFy still dis@urce
iniliative dd idovalive ihjnkire; prfd b Fly otr ftar dd f(E a instMots of ontrol
dd hrN $e plFalieic delelopm.d of sicty,
lnpl@@raii@ muld b€ posiblc if {F adDilisdirc Etum c vis by ihc
Go!@maI a e oroi)mN pre6. A vig@B .r8lldrr 6 bc sdie€d in e4pon
of th. pnpcitid tba! ar Uis s1!€€, th. Crovtmcnt sbo'Id rhGt . aclsiw
@nc@ fo adbinistatire Efotu. Withou (hb. br8 n6ipulatid of ihe sial ordd
A sFmelrical developn€nt of bMarcFy an

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Of €qud irrtDlll@ b tbc proSld of miDraini4 wirbi! tre bqlc.atic
snucnft a dtMic Dedih for the diliEion of w te.lmlog/, nris poblfl 6 partly
be @lved by intd-inslihnioot Fnab ily rnd psdy by dE amrd 8on b|EErey
of all dDse el6e sthal@ still urdd ihe.uiodatic ef&ct of livirg dcluivcly on lhe
&dirg sLDd&de ofmlmid hditra. ir pulrlic adninirnriotr
IrEs1! caliti.s suge.g.d thc ugdy of 6pid impldotalion ofadnirjsF.rir
Ffom. T1E inplenenirtion wil f&ilital€ djfiaid of @m snd t{}mr.sy irto {F
largq poftcal odq and wil enla@ th€ pcitlility of mr .nb!rc.d poliriol gre$rL
the ptGs of inplmlllion $ould .noobec tb. *tablist!ft ofdiploM dd d€8re
cows in adninisrrtion md polilicrl eiqe in all uiv6iti€s.
'np admini$tirc g€lhli{s allow iEirirg iIsiioti@ io diflie oity thN
@nepts, which do nor h!v. adlee implic.lioG fd ihe momtoly rh€y hrw of all key
FsilioN i! th. Gol@rEic By . o@ioB lDUcy of divid. .!d nde, dEy barc
sucaaded in Bbiciing i,hc gm*,rh of the istituiim ed in deliniting iheh to the
Frfotr@ of tlxE finrtiotri $tjch €rdend &d pdFture $. @tdi.ls' nom of
bl@laruy. Ihey dtMis ba ben talcn amy drd ihcy have bcr forced k) fifttio.
und.r conditioN in &iich m orig@l ihinlirg ce b., don for rlF in'pomcm of
Crvefin Dt dxl i6 ,nninht*i@
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So@ diii6 harc poirtcd o'r thd rbe hicmhid dn dieipu!.d ndE of th.
dninidrative drEne @upled wirh Bpel fd ed incti!.tid i.' €euter. ep.r.lii6
Mtlin il ft pow.rfiil fo@ 1h!1 inFd. dr impl@nr.lioo of admini3tralive d@,
the sitution t lhe tu€ in a! bu!futui6 of forner Britis! imFri.l sysicms in which a
sin ll srp@li€ offomd Impdid Civil Sedc. 0CS) otr6 l@ in . posqtul pcirion
to prrdomi@i. the addtuilrlriE orgdirlli@ lDd ro didar. ih.n cbe4 @@r!riE ald
sE@typed dinldng d dr sbordiF& srtrwho \m oth€Nis s{rd ofdE Svod of
D.msl6 (in tte fom of Anolsl Co!6ddd,l Repotu) dsys hesisc oE rb.i. bads
'I!is po$'bility is dnrlcld *h.n $e fo@.I tEjniog asd.Dn @ admilisralEly
.odr.ll€d by ihe sl@sB io the Bdnsh inp€dsl tmdiiion.
An .ady ihpl@.ntlrior of adriinjstEriv. tlfom alpes !o b€ nelsry od
cm d.si€blc, It wjll pDm& 4 id.otog)' of hmoGs, @npssid &il sre$dtship ro
ihe p$lic; f&ilirae rhe ris of @ur.miling .lir6,rd ! vigoFB political AlEsi
ad\dm lle drceera of a s!.pric ftlvqt 6@dng th. bl@Edi sysi.m Md rh.
toral *id otde4 @le ! dlMic iditni@l hedjw for the dimsion of e idolog,
ed t@ltrblogy of adminisrrationi sreo$h€n insiitutjos rhai tuight dtirnar€ly !.stnin
bwaucEl& exc@s, inpore lhc qu:lig of l€gislrtiv. ovdighr threlgh s vieotuN and
EspoNible @mine .pp€r,lu, invig@re 6. p@s ofjodicial sutiny of blMucrsric
beh'vio6, dd nrdly, Esldr i, difrsioo of Nm adcqu!& ro Fodu! a hlaEe in
polilicd so*d @t .d!iEbl. udr srnr.8i.s! olh3 rhrn rh6. ofadniDjsf.riE efolN
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