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the site during the 17th-century occup.tion. Sampling The 17th-century occupation deposit at Ren- was a distinctive gray black mottled organic sand containing numerous artifacts. It was largely confined to the interior of the house and the area imdiately in front of the doorday. A pollen sample from the surface of the cobble floor rnside the house (pal) and cornparafive samples fronthe 1660-1680 occupation stratum above the floor (po3), the roof collapse debris inslde the house above the floor (pr21, and the Ilth-century occvpation dcposlts just outside the doorway (prl) were selected for analysis (Table 1). Labordtoey methods and Data Presentation. pollen extraction follouedMehringer (19671. and residuesrerc mounted in glycerol. The pollen was identified at llor with problematical grains enmined under oil imecsion at LOOOX. Four hundred pollen grains vere tabulated for each sample. Pollen concentrations per gram of sample vere computed, following Benninghoff's (1962) exotic pollen addition method, to permit recognition of site formation processes (Figure 3 ). pollen spectra calsularsd fmm two different sums are presented in the poilsn diagram (Figure 3). The open line b an in the diagram are percentages computed from separate sum tor arboreal and non-arborsal pollen types. This separation helps to differentiate regional (tree-dominated) and local (herb-dominated) pollen types to some extent, and it reducer the stariatical dlstort~ons that the contributions of pollen types reflecting different phenomena induce in each other. It has the disadvantage of producing possibly misleadingly high percentages in some rnnranseo from small counts among the minor types. The solid colored portion of the diagrams registers relative frequencies based on the identifiable pollen of all types. ! pollen concentration figures were not computed for individual taxa, because these would not be meaningful in the absence of chronolog~cal control over sedimentation rate and night be mistaken for pollen influx data. RIA pollen grains roo corroded to be identified were tabulated to provide the pollen degradation element of the site fomtioa i process record (~igure 1). unidentifiable pollen grains were included in the concentratLon figures but were not incowrated in any am from which the frequencies of other types vere computed. =he terns "corrodedm#. "degraded," and "deteriorated" are usad interchangeably, in the generic sense, to refer to cumulatitlve postdeporltion damage of any kind other than tearing, rather than in reference to specific kinds of damage as employed by Cushimg (19641 and Havinga (1967, l98l). The most common English names applied to plants are employed in the text and diagrams. The Latin name of each taxon is given in I I
parentheses after rhs first mention of the plant, and a table of equivalent Latin and vernacular n-s is also provided (Table 2).
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I CENTW FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TO
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During a 1993 survey of eightenIh+e
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The author wlsher to aelrnowledge a
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Finally. I would like to thank my w
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The Firnr Eanhn noor The Beach cobb
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Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table 3.1 Table
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Figure 8n Figure 8b Figure 9 Figure
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Figure 29 Fcgure 30 Figure 31 Flgur
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Figure5la Figure 5lb Figure 52 Figu
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Figurr 78a Figure 78b Figure 79a Fi
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2 winter activities would pmvide ad
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1.2 Intmducllon 4 During the hereve
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1660s. By far, the bulkof the culNl
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he harbour. In addition to being an
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10 drinking waler an his way back t
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12 Table 1.1 Total Popu*tlon of Rmn
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14 (62iv.v1.vl l):158). The= figure
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1.5.1 Jams Yongt's Journal 16 For t
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18 excavation followed the naNral a
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20 Of all the anifafrr fmndmhistnic
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22 bowi shapes. Many of these are s
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24 and a dot beneath the "E". The w
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26 The =and variety of a"rpked whee
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28 pmdueing plpes omund the ram for
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30 rile feamxs. Complications are m
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32 20-50 cm thick depostt of flatir
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34 been ~nterpreted ar a rub-flwr d
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The Architectural Evidence 2.1 Intm
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38 foundation stom rhms any obvi- s
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20 (still rewining the core of lhe
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42 displacement inside and outside
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44 discovered in his r m m (Figure
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46 However, a different interpretpr
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48 dirpiaesmsnt of the fwndnion sto
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50 house collapw rusrum covering th
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52 the most exciting part of the h
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54 Several anifnets were found lyin
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56 are. however. many elemens missi
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58 3 smaller house would have k n m
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60 lay in the prorimicy of the reds
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62 used rn England in rhe seventeen
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€4 To visualize what a d rocf I&
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66 wall of the house. Why then woul
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68 hwrh wmrer months. espcially if
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71 anifaet eoilecdan fmm Renews wil
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73 size were used. For the smoking
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15 fmm just one vesrel while anothe
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Table Porringer Nonh Devm Smmth Tem
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The most popular form of ceramic ve
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81 an opening in the mgeof 18-19cm.
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83 Additional tableware pi- from th
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85 The only no" food-related cerami
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87 Table 3.3 Number of G*rs Alnfwlr
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3.6 Tobacco Pipea Of the 1.440 tobu
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91 the house cccupation depesits M
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93 century vicco"ous attack by Snnc
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% hard plastic with many mare h& th
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98 affairs, made by folding a thin
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IW thought to dale lo 1690 (Bndley
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102 Chapter N Seventeenth-Century M
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104 For a number of reMr. na all el
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43 Fmdways 106 The term "foadwuys"
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10s Ceramic ve~xlr assmiated with f
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110 to their use in the heath mds.
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112 below. By the mid-$evcnreenth m
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114 did in 1663 (Poynter l%3:56. re
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'FW mqI WOIJ am, orp peq pavom JO r
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I IS induslry. Nets and jiggm - uwd
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I20 production have k en published
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122 throughout colontal Nonh Americ
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124 The pewter goblet stem was a ra
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The Conclusions 5.1 The Co~~rlosion
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128 popuiation in Renews, but formn
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130 A rich rmdden deposit. located
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132 reventeenth-csnrury Newfoundlan
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134 finer elements of wvcnrcenth
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Barley. M. 1961 The English Fannhou
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138 1977 in Snloii Things Fargonen.
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1973 Leetms on the History of Newfo
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1998 "How Misleadimg Are Pipe Stem
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Twaites. R. C. 1897 The lcsuit Rela
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Figure lb Map of Newfoundland rhowi
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photograph. Facing east.
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Figure 6 Renews harbaur [Rcnwrel as
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R w 9 Barnstable-style pipes made b
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Dutch "'rose" maker's mark.
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Figure 18 Clay lenses (Event 34) be
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I Figw 22" AvtaCAD plrn vicv dths h
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Figure 25 Plan vlew of the house in
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, 173 Rgun 30 ~x~avatlon mew of thc
Page 199 and 200: Figure 35 Detail of fm box in the n
Page 201: Figure 38 Detail of stone flm of fi
Page 205 and 206: of tk behouse wUspse (Event 3) Note
Page 212: Figure 53 Nonh Dcvon mtllLing cup n
Page 218: ntlc from Penylsnd. Note tk rsmilar
Page 226 and 227: Figure mb Pmfde of the Pewter goble
Page 228: P i 72 bondivc -11 work on the brk
Page 231: figure 78b NetUng needle after eons
Page 236 and 237: Appendix B Pip Bore Data Frmn the S
Page 238 and 239: Appendix B (eonthucd) Evmt 36 Bore
Page 240 and 241: Stratigraphic E ve. 217 Event I Org
Page 242 and 243: Appendix C (continued) Slmtigrrphie
Page 244 and 245: Appendix D Pollen Report by ~ e&IS,
Page 246 and 247: 223 My involvement in this repon is
Page 252: ecords. Vegetation Rscard. Grass (G
Page 255 and 256: Table 1. Renews. Nevfoundland 1660-
Page 257 and 258: References Cited 8azzal F. A. i'174
Page 259: King, J.E., Y.E. Klippla, and R. Du
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