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103 we influenced by the observer and his or her point of view. An useful as all l h o media ~ we at pmviding insight into the past. be they on paper, eanvar or in an exhibit caw, none can compm to the archaealogical record for didosing tbe physical evidence. the material culrurrof the part. Material culture can be defined as tbe material objects pople use in their everyday life. It Is the pmduct of our culture and includes the modibations of things fwnd in Ihe physlcal world to suit our needs (Dee 197724). T%s tools of a fisherman. a tobacco pipe or the bowl that meals are sewed in are all examples of mnterial culture. All tw often. it is the mmr common elements of material cullvre Lal am often fwgoltsn in hiaory. the mall things forgotten" in our lives, the packaging for n printer ink caruidge or a nail dmpped on neonrvvctian rite. It is & rccmingly inrignikant items that we mast common on archaeolcgicd rites and fill lhc drawers in research collenionr: tiny bits of metal or pottery. sheds of ghs w pipe stems. They must be viewed in a way that will allow for their full =search value to be realized. It is lhe function or activity there objecm represent that is ar implant ar Ur anifset itxlf. far if an mifact's fvnerion is not realized, iris little more lhar aevriarily that still holds Ur secret of iu purpwe. To be most useful in uncovering lhe secrets of part human khaviour. an anifan murr be identified and ex- Ypon if it is to k utilized in lmdmmding iu m a t on am archaeological rite.
104 For a number of reMr. na all elements of material e ulm are preserved in the archaeological record. panieulady thore made of organic mucrialr such as wad. leather or wwl. Conversely. durable item made fmm imn or pewter m not easily bmh and therefore arc less likely to be discarded. When meld objccls did get broken, worn wt or outdated. they were often recycled into something else r. they were at the revsntcenlh- century French fon at Penragaet. Maine (Faulher and Faulhner 1987: 135). Fonunalely for archamlogirtr, ceramic veswls. glass bottles and tobacco piper do break md get tossed away. Similarly, when no longer uwful or perhaps emlerrly dropped or abandoned. metal objeels also enter the mhaeelogtcal record. When properly excavated. documented and identified, ychvalogical m ifw become the uue represenmuan of the material e ulm urcd by the site's inhabitants and provide an impohlnt database from which the entire rite is analyzed. However, having said his, it is impohlnt to realize that the anifaet collEction in itself, should not be see" u the &fining representative of the past. It is most valuable when merged with historical doeumenfs. museum colleetianr and d other available sources to fully understand part eultunl activities and in a larger sense, rcciery as r whole. The Renews anifnet collection was approached in such a way as to damnine what it could reveal about four inter-reland aspects of sevenleenthrmnuy life in Renews, and by extenno", early colonial Newfoundland. The aspcts are: fwdways, hecolth m,
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I CENTW FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TO
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During a 1993 survey of eightenIh+e
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The author wlsher to aelrnowledge a
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Finally. I would like to thank my w
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The Firnr Eanhn noor The Beach cobb
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Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table 3.1 Table
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Figure 8n Figure 8b Figure 9 Figure
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Figure 29 Fcgure 30 Figure 31 Flgur
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Figure5la Figure 5lb Figure 52 Figu
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Figurr 78a Figure 78b Figure 79a Fi
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2 winter activities would pmvide ad
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1.2 Intmducllon 4 During the hereve
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1660s. By far, the bulkof the culNl
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he harbour. In addition to being an
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10 drinking waler an his way back t
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12 Table 1.1 Total Popu*tlon of Rmn
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14 (62iv.v1.vl l):158). The= figure
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1.5.1 Jams Yongt's Journal 16 For t
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18 excavation followed the naNral a
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20 Of all the anifafrr fmndmhistnic
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22 bowi shapes. Many of these are s
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24 and a dot beneath the "E". The w
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26 The =and variety of a"rpked whee
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28 pmdueing plpes omund the ram for
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30 rile feamxs. Complications are m
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32 20-50 cm thick depostt of flatir
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34 been ~nterpreted ar a rub-flwr d
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The Architectural Evidence 2.1 Intm
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38 foundation stom rhms any obvi- s
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20 (still rewining the core of lhe
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42 displacement inside and outside
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44 discovered in his r m m (Figure
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46 However, a different interpretpr
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48 dirpiaesmsnt of the fwndnion sto
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50 house collapw rusrum covering th
Page 75 and 76: 52 the most exciting part of the h
Page 77 and 78: 54 Several anifnets were found lyin
Page 79 and 80: 56 are. however. many elemens missi
Page 81 and 82: 58 3 smaller house would have k n m
Page 83 and 84: 60 lay in the prorimicy of the reds
Page 85 and 86: 62 used rn England in rhe seventeen
Page 87 and 88: €4 To visualize what a d rocf I&
Page 89 and 90: 66 wall of the house. Why then woul
Page 91: 68 hwrh wmrer months. espcially if
Page 94 and 95: 71 anifaet eoilecdan fmm Renews wil
Page 96 and 97: 73 size were used. For the smoking
Page 98 and 99: 15 fmm just one vesrel while anothe
Page 100 and 101: Table Porringer Nonh Devm Smmth Tem
Page 102 and 103: The most popular form of ceramic ve
Page 104 and 105: 81 an opening in the mgeof 18-19cm.
Page 106 and 107: 83 Additional tableware pi- from th
Page 108 and 109: 85 The only no" food-related cerami
Page 110 and 111: 87 Table 3.3 Number of G*rs Alnfwlr
Page 112 and 113: 3.6 Tobacco Pipea Of the 1.440 tobu
Page 114 and 115: 91 the house cccupation depesits M
Page 116 and 117: 93 century vicco"ous attack by Snnc
Page 119 and 120: % hard plastic with many mare h& th
Page 121 and 122: 98 affairs, made by folding a thin
Page 123 and 124: IW thought to dale lo 1690 (Bndley
Page 125: 102 Chapter N Seventeenth-Century M
Page 129 and 130: 43 Fmdways 106 The term "foadwuys"
Page 131 and 132: 10s Ceramic ve~xlr assmiated with f
Page 133 and 134: 110 to their use in the heath mds.
Page 135 and 136: 112 below. By the mid-$evcnreenth m
Page 137 and 138: 114 did in 1663 (Poynter l%3:56. re
Page 139 and 140: 'FW mqI WOIJ am, orp peq pavom JO r
Page 141 and 142: I IS induslry. Nets and jiggm - uwd
Page 143 and 144: I20 production have k en published
Page 145 and 146: 122 throughout colontal Nonh Americ
Page 147 and 148: 124 The pewter goblet stem was a ra
Page 149 and 150: The Conclusions 5.1 The Co~~rlosion
Page 151 and 152: 128 popuiation in Renews, but formn
Page 153 and 154: 130 A rich rmdden deposit. located
Page 155 and 156: 132 reventeenth-csnrury Newfoundlan
Page 157 and 158: 134 finer elements of wvcnrcenth
Page 159 and 160: Barley. M. 1961 The English Fannhou
Page 161 and 162: 138 1977 in Snloii Things Fargonen.
Page 163 and 164: 1973 Leetms on the History of Newfo
Page 165 and 166: 1998 "How Misleadimg Are Pipe Stem
Page 167 and 168: Twaites. R. C. 1897 The lcsuit Rela
Page 170: Figure lb Map of Newfoundland rhowi
Page 173 and 174: photograph. Facing east.
Page 175 and 176: Figure 6 Renews harbaur [Rcnwrel as
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R w 9 Barnstable-style pipes made b
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Dutch "'rose" maker's mark.
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Figure 18 Clay lenses (Event 34) be
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I Figw 22" AvtaCAD plrn vicv dths h
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Figure 25 Plan vlew of the house in
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, 173 Rgun 30 ~x~avatlon mew of thc
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Figure 35 Detail of fm box in the n
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Figure 38 Detail of stone flm of fi
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of tk behouse wUspse (Event 3) Note
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Figure 53 Nonh Dcvon mtllLing cup n
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ntlc from Penylsnd. Note tk rsmilar
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Figure mb Pmfde of the Pewter goble
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P i 72 bondivc -11 work on the brk
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figure 78b NetUng needle after eons
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Appendix B Pip Bore Data Frmn the S
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Appendix B (eonthucd) Evmt 36 Bore
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Stratigraphic E ve. 217 Event I Org
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Appendix C (continued) Slmtigrrphie
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Appendix D Pollen Report by ~ e&IS,
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223 My involvement in this repon is
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the site during the 17th-century oc
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ecords. Vegetation Rscard. Grass (G
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Table 1. Renews. Nevfoundland 1660-
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References Cited 8azzal F. A. i'174
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King, J.E., Y.E. Klippla, and R. Du
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