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101 number of Ihes had beencaandrbaped although their fu~tioru mmain unkwwn. Several flat pieces of lead had imprerrions of din and gravel m their surfaces, suggesting that they had fallen to Ule gmund while still in a moltem slate aad solidifying amund panlcler of soil.
102 Chapter N Seventeenth-Century Material Culture 4.1 Intmduetbn An achaeologtcal dircovely is mly a window inn, the part. Unlike arrhival sources. the rnifrcls fmm ths gmund arr the physical repmatation of p t cultural activities. This is why the cwchitmural minn and the associated mifacts fmm Rsnsws are so important in helping lo understand the culture of thav whochwe lo depm the shores of England in !he caiy stages of New World mloniwtion and venlvce into a new land. Mmt obn. our knowledge of Ihe past ha been derived fmm the written record. udly in the form of legal docummu, maps and journals. Likewise. anbu have preserved v*oun scenes ~n punlings and sketcher lhnr hang in plblic galleries. private collrtions or in books. Hiqtoric objccrs can also he viewed in museum or antique shops. The combinntlon of written so-. ill~uvation~ and museum or private collections is valuable. although not alwap the most amuare representation of the way things were, crpccially for the common folk whoconstiNled the heoverwhelming majority of any populallon. past or present. Tbcm is a danger when relying upon the written record or mureum coilectionr for when we rely up" the eyes and hies of the writer. painm. or mureum benefactor, we are at the mercy of subjective thought. Even f it hod a~uxlnu
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I CENTW FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TO
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During a 1993 survey of eightenIh+e
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The author wlsher to aelrnowledge a
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Finally. I would like to thank my w
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The Firnr Eanhn noor The Beach cobb
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Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table 3.1 Table
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Figure 8n Figure 8b Figure 9 Figure
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Figure 29 Fcgure 30 Figure 31 Flgur
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Figure5la Figure 5lb Figure 52 Figu
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Figurr 78a Figure 78b Figure 79a Fi
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2 winter activities would pmvide ad
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1.2 Intmducllon 4 During the hereve
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1660s. By far, the bulkof the culNl
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he harbour. In addition to being an
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10 drinking waler an his way back t
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12 Table 1.1 Total Popu*tlon of Rmn
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14 (62iv.v1.vl l):158). The= figure
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1.5.1 Jams Yongt's Journal 16 For t
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18 excavation followed the naNral a
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20 Of all the anifafrr fmndmhistnic
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22 bowi shapes. Many of these are s
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24 and a dot beneath the "E". The w
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26 The =and variety of a"rpked whee
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28 pmdueing plpes omund the ram for
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30 rile feamxs. Complications are m
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32 20-50 cm thick depostt of flatir
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34 been ~nterpreted ar a rub-flwr d
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The Architectural Evidence 2.1 Intm
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38 foundation stom rhms any obvi- s
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20 (still rewining the core of lhe
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42 displacement inside and outside
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44 discovered in his r m m (Figure
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46 However, a different interpretpr
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48 dirpiaesmsnt of the fwndnion sto
Page 73 and 74: 50 house collapw rusrum covering th
Page 75 and 76: 52 the most exciting part of the h
Page 77 and 78: 54 Several anifnets were found lyin
Page 79 and 80: 56 are. however. many elemens missi
Page 81 and 82: 58 3 smaller house would have k n m
Page 83 and 84: 60 lay in the prorimicy of the reds
Page 85 and 86: 62 used rn England in rhe seventeen
Page 87 and 88: €4 To visualize what a d rocf I&
Page 89 and 90: 66 wall of the house. Why then woul
Page 91: 68 hwrh wmrer months. espcially if
Page 94 and 95: 71 anifaet eoilecdan fmm Renews wil
Page 96 and 97: 73 size were used. For the smoking
Page 98 and 99: 15 fmm just one vesrel while anothe
Page 100 and 101: Table Porringer Nonh Devm Smmth Tem
Page 102 and 103: The most popular form of ceramic ve
Page 104 and 105: 81 an opening in the mgeof 18-19cm.
Page 106 and 107: 83 Additional tableware pi- from th
Page 108 and 109: 85 The only no" food-related cerami
Page 110 and 111: 87 Table 3.3 Number of G*rs Alnfwlr
Page 112 and 113: 3.6 Tobacco Pipea Of the 1.440 tobu
Page 114 and 115: 91 the house cccupation depesits M
Page 116 and 117: 93 century vicco"ous attack by Snnc
Page 119 and 120: % hard plastic with many mare h& th
Page 121 and 122: 98 affairs, made by folding a thin
Page 123: IW thought to dale lo 1690 (Bndley
Page 127 and 128: 104 For a number of reMr. na all el
Page 129 and 130: 43 Fmdways 106 The term "foadwuys"
Page 131 and 132: 10s Ceramic ve~xlr assmiated with f
Page 133 and 134: 110 to their use in the heath mds.
Page 135 and 136: 112 below. By the mid-$evcnreenth m
Page 137 and 138: 114 did in 1663 (Poynter l%3:56. re
Page 139 and 140: 'FW mqI WOIJ am, orp peq pavom JO r
Page 141 and 142: I IS induslry. Nets and jiggm - uwd
Page 143 and 144: I20 production have k en published
Page 145 and 146: 122 throughout colontal Nonh Americ
Page 147 and 148: 124 The pewter goblet stem was a ra
Page 149 and 150: The Conclusions 5.1 The Co~~rlosion
Page 151 and 152: 128 popuiation in Renews, but formn
Page 153 and 154: 130 A rich rmdden deposit. located
Page 155 and 156: 132 reventeenth-csnrury Newfoundlan
Page 157 and 158: 134 finer elements of wvcnrcenth
Page 159 and 160: Barley. M. 1961 The English Fannhou
Page 161 and 162: 138 1977 in Snloii Things Fargonen.
Page 163 and 164: 1973 Leetms on the History of Newfo
Page 165 and 166: 1998 "How Misleadimg Are Pipe Stem
Page 167 and 168: Twaites. R. C. 1897 The lcsuit Rela
Page 170: Figure lb Map of Newfoundland rhowi
Page 173 and 174: photograph. Facing east.
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Figure 6 Renews harbaur [Rcnwrel as
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R w 9 Barnstable-style pipes made b
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Dutch "'rose" maker's mark.
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Figure 18 Clay lenses (Event 34) be
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I Figw 22" AvtaCAD plrn vicv dths h
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Figure 25 Plan vlew of the house in
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, 173 Rgun 30 ~x~avatlon mew of thc
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Figure 35 Detail of fm box in the n
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Figure 38 Detail of stone flm of fi
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of tk behouse wUspse (Event 3) Note
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Figure 53 Nonh Dcvon mtllLing cup n
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ntlc from Penylsnd. Note tk rsmilar
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Figure mb Pmfde of the Pewter goble
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P i 72 bondivc -11 work on the brk
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figure 78b NetUng needle after eons
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Appendix B Pip Bore Data Frmn the S
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Appendix B (eonthucd) Evmt 36 Bore
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Stratigraphic E ve. 217 Event I Org
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Appendix C (continued) Slmtigrrphie
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Appendix D Pollen Report by ~ e&IS,
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223 My involvement in this repon is
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the site during the 17th-century oc
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ecords. Vegetation Rscard. Grass (G
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Table 1. Renews. Nevfoundland 1660-
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References Cited 8azzal F. A. i'174
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King, J.E., Y.E. Klippla, and R. Du
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