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3.6 Tobacco Pipea<br />
Of the 1.440 tobuco pipe fragments from the archaeological deposits ar Renews just over<br />
one-third. or 834 fngmntr. were remwred from the sealed reventsentheenrury<br />
occupation ruata (Evene 4.35.36 and 37). This latter figure can he broken down inlo<br />
thmc groups: complete or nearly complete bowls (n=95). stem fragments (nz.537) and<br />
bawl rhcrds (n=202). An dditiend 988 pipe fragmene. including 61 complete or neariy<br />
complete bowls. were found in lhe h- collapse rvarum (Event 3). however. since thtr<br />
nntum contaned ;I mlrrum <strong>of</strong> reventecnth-century and eighteentheentury mifua, hey<br />
m not included m this study. Seven styles <strong>of</strong> maker's muLs were present on 21 <strong>of</strong> the<br />
pipe bowls. Six <strong>of</strong> there have <strong>be</strong>en identified (Table 1.31. As the datable arrribulcr fmm<br />
there piper were discused in Chapter I. their phpicd atuibuter will <strong>be</strong> addressed here.<br />
All but one <strong>of</strong> the pipes were made from fine whitirheoloud clay comm<strong>only</strong> refemd to<br />
as "ball clay". Variants afwbitc W 1 clay we* available throughout southern England,<br />
w ~ enain h ma^ <strong>of</strong> nonh and wrath Dcvonshire <strong>be</strong>ing dominant rupplien by the late-<br />
seventeenth century (hwdd 1975:12). Regional styles developed thmughout England.<br />
pvrt1cululy after about ISOwhm hdon's suppored monopoly on pip manufururing<br />
ended (Oswdd 1975:42). Bristol was another major manufumring eenler. Because <strong>of</strong><br />
its pmrimiry to excellent ball clay <strong>be</strong>ds tagelher with an esmblis<strong>be</strong>d tndition <strong>of</strong> ceramic