World Development Report 1984

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difficulties in assigning subsistence farming its 1970 dollars. The average sectoral shares in Table 3 proper value, the share of agriculture in GDP may are weighted by GDP in current dollars for the be underestimated. The industrial sector comprises years in question. mining, manufacturing, construction, and electricity, water, and gas. All other branches of economic activity are categorized as services. Tables 4 and 5. Growth of consumption and National accounts series in domestic currency investment; Structure of demand units were used to compute the indicators in these tables. The growth rates in Table 2 were calculated GDP is defined in the note for Table 2. from constant price series; the sectoral shares of Public consumption (or general government con- GDP in Table 3, from current price series. sumption) includes all current expenditure for pur- The average growth rates for the summary mea- chases of goods and services by all levels of sures in Table 2 are weighted by country GDP in government. Capital expenditure on national Basic indicators for UN/World Bank members with a population of less than 1 million GNP per capita Area Aeagealerp Alrage AzLift annual f PopIulation Pryidahaval Area (thusan,ds Vre7zgE~~~awml rt groazthi rate Avea,am, iia rate ofrnflatiozz e7ycchtal/ at bart!, O(milfion) .f square Dollars (percent) (perwcit) f,toars) UNIWorld Bantk menier azid-1982 k,o,seters) 1982 l960-82" 1960-70 1970-82 1i982' Guinea-Bissau 0.8 36 170 -1.7 .. 7.1 38 Comoros 0.4 2 340 0.9 3.4 11.7 48 Cape Verde 0.3 4 350 . 11.9 61 Gambia, The 0.7 11 360 2.5 2.2 9.7 36 Sao Tome and Principe 0.1 1 370 1.2 . 7.5 62 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.1 (.) 620 0.6 4.0 12.9 Solomon Islands 0.2 28 660 1.3 3.0 8.3 Guyana 0.8 215 670 1.7 2.4 9.9 68 Dominica 0.1 1 710 -0.8 3.8 16.5 58 St. Lucia 0.1 1 720 3.4 3.6 11.0 St. Kitts-Nevis 0.1 (.) 750 1.1 5.5 9.8 Grenada 0.1 (.) 760 1.6 3.4 15.0 69 Botswana 0.9 600 900 6.8 2.4 11.5 60 Swaziland 0.7 17 940 4.2 2.4 12.8 54 Belize 0.2 23 1,080 3.4 3.4 9.5 Mauritius 0.9 2 1,240 2.1 2.2 15.0 66 Antigua and Barbuda 0.1 (.) 1,740 -0.2 3.1 14.0 Fiji 0.7 18 1,950 3.2 2.5 11.7 68 Barbados 0.3 (.) 2,900 4.5 2.3 13.8 72 Malta 0.4 (.) 3,800 8.0 1.5 4.9 72 Bahamas 0.2 14 3,830 -0.4 3.4 7.4 69 Cyprus 0.6 9 3,840 5.9 1.3 7.3 74 Gabon 0.7 268 4,000 4.4 5.4 19.5 49 Bahrain 0.4 1 9,280 .. .. .. 68 Iceland 0.2 103 12,150 3.2 12.2 38.2 77 Luxembourg 0.4 3 14,340 4.0 3.7 6.8 73 Qatar 0.3 11 21,880 .. 2.6 29.4 71 Djibouti 0.4 22 .. .. .. .. 50 Equatorial Guitiea 0.4 28 .. .. 3.4 .. 43 Maldives 0.2 (.) .. .. 1.0 .. 47 Seychelles 0.1 ( ) 66 Suiritianie 0.4 163 .. .. .. .. 65 Vaniuatu 0.1 15 .. .. .. . Westeni Samoa 0.2 3 .. .. .. .. 65 a. Because data for the early 1960s are not available, figures in italics are for periods other than that specified. b. Figures in italics are for 1970-81, not 1970-82. c. Figures in italics are for years other than 1982. See the technical notes. 276
defense and security is regarded as consumption arable land, defined as comprising arable land and expenditure. land under permanent crops. This includes land Private consumption is the market value of all under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are goods and services purchased or received as counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or income in kind by households and nonprofit pastures, land under market and kitchen gardens, institutions. It includes imputed rent for owner- land temporarily fallow or lying idle, as well as occupied dwellings, land under permanent crops. Gross domestic investment consists of the outlays The figures on food and fertilizer are from the for additions to the fixed assets of the economy, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): from plus changes in the net value of inventories. computer tapes for Production Yearbook 1982, Trade Gross domestic saving shows the amount of gross Yearbook 1982, and Fertilizer Yearbook 1982; and from domestic investment financed from domestic out- Food Aid Bulletin, October 1980 and July 1983. In put. Comprising public and private saving, it is some instances data are for 1974 because they progross domestic investment plus the net exports of vide the earliest available information. goods and nonfactor services. The index of food production per capita shows the Exports of goods and nonfactor services represent the average annual quantity of food produced per capvalue of all goods and nonfactor services sold to ita in 1980-82 in relation to that in 1969-71. The the rest of the world; they include merchandise, estimates were derived from those of the FAO, freight, insurance, travel, and other nonfactor which are calculated by dividing indices of the services. The value of factor services, such as quantity of food production by indices of total popinvestment income, labor income, and workers' ulation. For this index, food is defined as comprisremittances from abroad, is excluded. ing cereals, starchy roots, sugar cane, sugar beet, The resource balance is the difference between pulses, edible oils, nuts, fruits, vegetables, liveexports and imports of goods and nonfactor serv- stock, and livestock products. Quantities of food ices. production are measured net of animal feed, seeds National accounts series in domestic currency for use in agriculture, and food lost in processsing units were used to compute the indicators in these and distribution. Given the weaknesses in agricultables. The growth rates in Table 4 were calculated tural production statistics, caution should be exerfrom constant price series; the shares of GDP in cised in interpreting them. Table 5, from current price series. The summary measures in Table 4 are weighted Table 7. Industry by country GDP in 1970 dollars; those in Table 5, by GDP in current dollars for the years in question. The percentage distribution of value added among manufacturing industries was calculated from data Table 6. Agriculture and food obtained from the UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), with the base values The basic data for value added in agriculture are from expressed in 1975 dollars. the World Bank's national accounts series in The classification of manufacturing industries is national currencies. The 1975 value added in cur- in accord with the UN International Standard rent prices in national currencies is converted to Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities US dollars by applying the official exchange rate (ISIC). Food and agriculture comprise ISIC Major for 1975. The growth rates of the constant price Groups 311, 313, and 314; textiles and clothing 321series in national currencies are applied to the 1975 24; machinery and transport equipment 382-84; and value added in US dollars to derive the values, in chemicals 351 and 352. Other manufacturing gener- 1975 US dollars, for 1970 and 1982. ally comprises ISIC Major Division 3, less all of the Cereal imports and food aid in cereals are measured above; however, for some economies for which in grain equivalents and defined as comprising all complete data are not available, other categories cereals under the Revised Standard International are included as well. Trade Classification (SITC) Groups 041-046. The The basic data for value added in manufacturing are figures are not directly comparable since cereal from the World Bank's national accounts series in imports are based on calendar-year and recipient- national currencies. The 1975 value added in curcountry data, whereas food aid in cereals is based rent prices in national currencies is converted to on crop-year and donor-country data. US dollars by applying the official exchange rate Fertilizer consumption is measured in relation to for 1975. The growth rates of the constant price 277
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
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improving the availability of famil
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Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
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Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
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FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
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growth. Fertility has declined in t
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Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
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FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
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able several types of condoms, pill
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housing schemes to parents with onl
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and training, data collection and a
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9 Ten years of experience Much that
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ecause few effective methods are of
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Population data supplement The six
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Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
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190 Births and total fertility =Ice
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Table 1. Population projections Rat
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Table 2. Population composition Low
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Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
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Table 5. Status of women Number enr
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Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
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Bibliographical note This Report ha
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Background papers Note: Source refe
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-1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
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I I
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Table 10. Structure of merchandise
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Key In each table, economies are li
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same order is used in all tables. T
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Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
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Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
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Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
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Table 3. Structure of production GD
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Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
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Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 244 and 245: Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 250 and 251: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 252 and 253: Table 11. Structure of merchandise
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
Page 258 and 259: Table 14. Balance of payments and r
Page 260 and 261: Table 15. Flow of public and public
Page 262 and 263: Table 16. External public debt and
Page 264 and 265: Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
Page 266 and 267: Table 18. Official development assi
Page 268 and 269: Table 19. Population growth and pro
Page 270 and 271: Table 20. Demographic and fertility
Page 272 and 273: Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
Page 274 and 275: Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
Page 276 and 277: Table 23. Indicators related to lif
Page 278 and 279: Table 24. Health-related indicators
Page 280 and 281: Table 25. Education Number Number e
Page 282 and 283: Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
Page 284 and 285: Table 27. Central government curren
Page 286 and 287: Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
Page 288 and 289: Technical notes This edition of the
Page 292 and 293: series in national currencies are a
Page 294 and 295: Public loans are external obligatio
Page 296 and 297: estimates, the total fertility rate
Page 298 and 299: expenditure and current revenue sho
Page 300: Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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