World Development Report 1984

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Table 24. Health-related indicators Daily calorie supply Population per: per capita As percentage Physician Nursing person Total of requirement 1960a 1980a 1960a 1980a 1981a 1981a Low-income economies i 2. 08; 5 772 7.226 48 41 2.319 2. 97 China and India 7.019; 2591; 6.734 ;, 3 315 2 262.. 98 Other low-income 37.092;. 15.931 .r9 759 9 716 2,082 91 1 Chad 2 Bangladesh 3 Ethiopia 4 Nepal S Mali 72,190 100,470 73,470 64,130 47,530 10,940 58,490 30,060 22,130 5,780 14,920 .. 4,710 3,850 24,450 5,440 33,420 2,380 1.818 1,952 1,758 1,929 1,621 76 84 76 86 72 6 Burma 7 Zaire 8 Malawi 9 Upper Voita 10 Uganda 15,560 79,620 35,250 81,650 15.050 4,660 14,780 40,950 48,510 26,810 8,520 3,510 12,940 3,980 10,030 4,750 1,920 3,830 4,950 4,180 2,303 2,135 2 138 2,008 1,778 113 94 94 95 80 I1I India 12 Rwanda 13 Burundi 14 Tanzania 15 Somalia 4,850 143,290 98,900 18,220 36,570 3,690 31,510 45,020 17,560 14.290 10,980 11,620 4,640 11,890 4,810 5,460 9,840 6,180 2,980 2,330 1,906 2,194 2,152 1,985 2,119 86 88 95 83 100 16 Haiti 17 Benin 18 Central African Rep. 19 China 20 Guinea 9,230 23,030 51,170 8,390 33,770 8,200 16,980 26,430 1,810 17,110 4,020 2,700 3,410 4,050 4,040 2,490 1,660 1,720 1,790 2,570 1.879 2,284 2,164 2,526 1,877 96 101 96 107 75 21 Niger 22 Madagascar 23 Sri Lanka 24 Togo 25 Ghana 82,170 8,900 4,490 47,060 21,600 38,790 10,170 7,170 18,100 7,630 8,460 3,110C 4,170 5,340 5,430 4,650 3,660 1,340 1,430 780 2,489 2,474 2.250 1,889 1,995 102 109 102 83 88 26 Pakistan 27 Kenya 28 Sierra Leone 29 Afghanistan 5,400 10.690 20,070 28,700 3,480 7,890 16,220 16,730 16.960 2,270 2,880 19,590 5,820 550 1,890 26,000 2,313 2,056 2,053 1,758 106 88 101 72 30 Bhutan .. 18,160 .. 7,960 .. 103 31 Kampuchea, Dein, 32 Lao PDR 33 Mozambique 34 Viet Nam 35,280 53,520 20,390 .. 20,060 39.110 4,190 3,980 4,950 4,720 . .. 3. 040 5,600 2,930 1,998 1,986 1,881 1,961 95 97 70 90 Middle-income economies Oil exporters Oil importers 17 257 30 075 7 161 5 411 , A 6997 ,4 4.083 .3 3.838 ;, 1388; 56Ci1 886 1.96E. 1.12,686 260D 71 508 I 08; 113 Lower middle-income 28,478 . 7 765 . 4.697., 2 482 , 2 454.1 '1 J 35 Sudan 36 Mauritania 37 Yemen, PDR 38 Liberia 39 Senegal 33,230 40,420 13,270 12,600 24,990 8,930 14,350 7,200 9,610 13,800 3,010 5,430 .. 1,410 3,150 1,430 2,080 830 1,420 1,400 2,406 2.082 2,067 2,510 2,434 99 9 7 86 114 101 40 Yemen Arab Rep. 41 Lesotho 42 Bolivia 43 Indonesia 44 Zamnbia 130,090 23,490 3,830 46,780 9,540 11,670 18,640 .4,170 11,530 7,670 .. 6,540 4,510 9,920 4,580 4,330 .,2,179 2,300 1,730 2,239 2,535 2,342 2,094 76 i11 91 110 93 45 Honduras 46 Egypt,Arab Rep. 47 El Salvador 48 Tnailand 49 Papua New Guinea 12,620 2,550 5,330 7,900 19,320 3,120 970 3,220 7,100 13,590 3,110 1,930 . 4,830 .960 700 1,500 910 2,4100 2,171 2,941 2,146 2,303 2,323 96 116 94 105 92 50 Phiiippines 51 Zimbabwe 52 Nigeria 53 Morocco 54 Cameroon 6,940 4,790 73,710 9,410 45,230 7,970 6,580 12,550 10,750 13,990 1,440 1,000 4,040 3,080 6,000 1,1 90 3,010 1,830 1,950 2,318 2,025 2,361 2,643 2,439 116 90 91 115 102 55 Nicaragua 56 Ivory Coast 57 Guatemala 58 Congo, Peopie's Rep. 59 Costa Rica 2,690 29,190 4,640 16,100 2,740 1,800 21,040 8,610 5,510 1,460 1,250 2,920 9,040 1,300 720 550 1,590 1,620 790 450 2,184 2,670 2,045 2,199 2,686 99 112 93 94 118 60 Peru 61 Dominican Rep. 62 Jamaica 63 Ecuador 64 Turkey 1.910 8,220 2,590 2,670 2,800 1,390 2,320 2,830 760 1,630 3,530 .. 420 2,360 16,300 970 2,150 630 570 1.130 2,183 2,192 2,643 2,100 3,019 98 106 119 97 122 Note' For data comparability and coverage see the tecnnical notes. 264
Physician Population per: Population per: Nursing person Daily calorie supply ~~~~~~per capita ~~~~~As percentage Total of requirement 1960, 19808 19608 19808 19818 1981a 65 Tunisia 66 Colombia 67 Paraguay 68 Angola 69 Cuba 10,030 2,640 1,810 14,910 1,060 3,690 1,710 1,710 710 4,220 1,380 6,650 950 890 800 1,100 360 2,782 2,521 3,005 2,096 2,766 116 108 139 83 121 70 Korea, Dem. Rep. 71 Lebanon 72 Mongolia 1,210 1,070 430 540 450 2,080 300 730 240 3,009 2,476 2,691 129 99 ill Upper middle-income 27.532; 2'. 021 .2 752 1 024 , 2816. I1 73 Syrian Arab Rep. 74 Jordan 75 Malaysia 76 Korea, Rep. of 77 Panama 4,630 5,800 7,060 3,540 2.730 2,270 1,700 7,910 1,440 980 10,850 1,930 1,800 3,240 760 1,410 1,180 940 350 420 2,908 2,260 2,662 2,931 2,271 120 102 121 126 103 78 Chile 79 Brazil 80 Mexico 81 Algeria 82 Portugal 1,780 2,210 1,830 5,530 1,250 1,930 .. .. 2,630 540 640 2,810 3,650 .740 1,420 450 .. 650 2,790 2,529 2,805 2,433 2,675 114 107 121 89 110 83 Argentina 84 Uruguay 85 South Africa 86 Yugoslavia 87 Venezuela 740 960 2,180 1,620 1,500 430 540 550 990 760 800 480 630 2,830 .3,405 190 .2,825 280 380 2,912 3,662 2,642 125 110 118 144 107 88 Greece 89 Israel 90 Hong Kong 91 Singapore 92 Trinidad and Tobago 800 400 3,060 2,380 2,370 420 370 1,210 1,150 1,360 800 360 2,910 650 670 600 130 790 320 380 3,748 2,946 2. 920 3,078 2,694 150 115 129 133 121 93 Iran, Islamic Rep. 3,860 6,090 7,690 2,520 2,795 114 94 Iraq 5,280 1,800 3,040 2,160 3,086 127 High-income oil exporters 14I 735 i.355 4.996, 836. 2969: 124 95 Oman 96 Libya 97 Saudi Arabia 98 Kuwait 99 United Arab Emirates 31,180 6,580 16,370 1,210 .. 1,900 730 1,670 570 900 1320 5,850 270 .. 500 400 1,170 180 340 3,459 2,895 147 116 Industrial market economies 816,, 554 4170 I81:,, 3 396.. 132 100 Ireland 101 Spain 102 Italy 103 New Zealand 104 United Kingdom 950 850 640 850 940 780 460 340 650 650 190 1,300 1,330 210 120 330 . 120 140 3,495 3,142 3,716 3,480 3,322 135 127 150 129 132 105 Austria 106 Japan 107 Belgium 108 Finland 109 Netherlands 550 930 780 1,570 900 400 780 400 530 540 440 310 520 170 .. 230 240 120 100 130 3,539 2,740 3.916 2,799 3,588 134 117 160 103 133 110 Australia 111 Canada 112 France j113 Germany, Fed Rep. 114 Denmark 750 910 930 670 810 560 550 580 450 480 . 170 530 370 220 120 90 120 170 210 3,210 3,321 3,360 3,538 3,567 119 126 133 133 133 115 United States 116 Sweoen _117 Norway '118 Switzerland 750 1,050 900 740 520 490 520 410 340 100 330 350 140 60 90 160 3,647 3,196 3,173 3,561 138 119 118 133 East European nonmarket economies 6-83. 349 ,35)8 131 ,3 351 , 131 119 Hungary 120 Romania 121 Albania 122 Bulgaria 123 Czechoslovakia 720 790 3,620 710 620 400 680 960 410 360 330 420 530 550 230 150 270 310 190 130 3,509 3,337 2.701 3,644 3,472 134 126 112 146 141 124 German Dem, Rep. 125 Poland 126 USSR 1,180 1,070 560 520 570 270 .3,780 460 340 240 100 3,210 3,328 144 123 130 a Figures in italics are for years other than those specif.ed. See the technical notes. 265
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
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improving the availability of famil
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Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
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Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
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FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
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growth. Fertility has declined in t
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Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
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FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
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able several types of condoms, pill
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housing schemes to parents with onl
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and training, data collection and a
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9 Ten years of experience Much that
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ecause few effective methods are of
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Population data supplement The six
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Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
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190 Births and total fertility =Ice
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Table 1. Population projections Rat
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Table 2. Population composition Low
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Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
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Table 5. Status of women Number enr
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Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
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Bibliographical note This Report ha
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Background papers Note: Source refe
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-1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
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I I
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Table 10. Structure of merchandise
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Key In each table, economies are li
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Page 230 and 231: Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
Page 232 and 233: Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
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Page 236 and 237: Table 3. Structure of production GD
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
Page 240 and 241: Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 244 and 245: Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 250 and 251: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 252 and 253: Table 11. Structure of merchandise
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
Page 258 and 259: Table 14. Balance of payments and r
Page 260 and 261: Table 15. Flow of public and public
Page 262 and 263: Table 16. External public debt and
Page 264 and 265: Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
Page 266 and 267: Table 18. Official development assi
Page 268 and 269: Table 19. Population growth and pro
Page 270 and 271: Table 20. Demographic and fertility
Page 272 and 273: Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
Page 274 and 275: Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
Page 276 and 277: Table 23. Indicators related to lif
Page 280 and 281: Table 25. Education Number Number e
Page 282 and 283: Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
Page 284 and 285: Table 27. Central government curren
Page 286 and 287: Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
Page 288 and 289: Technical notes This edition of the
Page 290 and 291: difficulties in assigning subsisten
Page 292 and 293: series in national currencies are a
Page 294 and 295: Public loans are external obligatio
Page 296 and 297: estimates, the total fertility rate
Page 298 and 299: expenditure and current revenue sho
Page 300: Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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