World Development Report 1984

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Table 18. Official development assistance from OECD & OPEC members Amount OECD 1960 1965 1970 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Millions oI US dollars 1983, 102 Italy 103 New Zealand 104 United Kingdom 105 Austira 106 Japan 77 407 105 60 472 10 244 147 1 4 500 1 1 458 182 66 904 79 1,146 376 55 1,465 154 2,215 273 68 2.156 131 2,685 683 72 1,852 178 3,353 666 68 2,191 314 3,171 814 65 1,792 354 3,023 827 61 1,601 157 3,761 107 Belgium 108 Finland 109 Netherlands 110 Australia 111 Canada 101 . 35 59 75 102 2 70 119 96 120 7 196 212 337 378 48 608 552 880 536 55 1,074 588 1,060 643 90 1.472 629 1,056 595 111l 1,630 667 1,075 575 135 1,510 650 1,189 501 144 1,474 882 1.197 477 153 1,195 754 1,424 112 France 113 Germany, Fed. Rep. 114 Denmark 115 U nitedoStates 116 Sweden 823 223 5 2,702 7 752 456 13 4,023 38 971 599 59 3,153 117 2.093 1,689 205 4,161 566 2,705 2.347 388 5,663 783 3,449 3 393 461 4,684 988 4,162 3 567 481 7,138 962 4,177 3,181 403 5,782 919 4,028 3,163 415 8,202 980 3,915 3 181 394 7,950 779 117 Norway 118 Switzerland 5 4 1 1 12 37 30 184 104 355 173 429 213 486 253 467 237 559 252 584 318 Total 4,628 6,480 6,968 13,847 19,992 22,820 27,265 25.635 27,845 27,531 OECD As percentage of donor GNP 102 Italy 103 New Zealand 104 United Kingdom 105 Austria 106 Japan 22 .. 56 . .24 10 . 47 I 1 .27 1 6 23 41 .07 .23 .11 52 39 21 .23 .14 .34 .46 27 23 .08 .33 .52 1 9 .27 .17 33 .35 23 32 1 9 29 43 48 28 24 28 37 .53 .29 .24 .28 36 .23 .33 107 Belgium 108 Finland 109 Netherlands 110 Australia 111 Canaoa 88 .. .31 .37 1 9 .60 .02 36 .53 .19 46 .06 .61 .59 .41 59 .18 .75 .65 .54 .55 16 82 55 .52 .57 .22 .98 .53 48 50 .22 1.03 48 .43 59 .28 1.08 .41 .43 60 .30 1 08 57 42 .59 33 91 49 .47 112 France 113 Germany, Fed. Rep. 114 Denmark 115 United States 116 Sweden 1.35 .31 .09 .53 .05 .76 .40 .13 58 .19 .66 .32 .38 32 38 .62 40 .58 .27 .82 .57 37 .75 .27 .90 .60 45 77 20 .97 .64 .44 74 27 79 73 .47 .73 .20 83 75 .48 .77 .27 1 02 76 48 73 .24 88 117 Norway 118 Switzerland .11 .04 .16 09 .32 .15 66 .19 90 .20 .93 .21 .85 .24 .82 .24 99 .25 1 10 .31 OECD National currencies 101 Italy (billions of lire) 103 New Zealand (mil[ions of dollars) 104 United Kingdomlmrillions of pounds) 105 Austria (millions of scnillings) 106 Japan (billions of yen) 48 .. 145 .. 38 38 . 169 260 88 92 1 3 208 286 165 119 54 407 1,376 341 319 53 763 2.236 466 227 66 1,016 1,751 588 585 74 796 2,303 760 757 78 1,080 5,001 699 1,101 86 1.024 6,039 753 1,255 92 1,055 2.813 893 107 Belgium (millions of francs) 108 Finland (mnillions of markK
Amount 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 19820 ObPEC MilinsolSdll 54 N geria 14 83 50 26 29 33 141 58 81 Algeria 41 54 42 41 281 103 97 128 87 Venezuela 31 108 24 87 107 125 67 216 93 Iran, Islamic Rep. 593 753 169 240 -19 -90 -157 -178 94 Iraq 215 231 62 172 847 876 148 96 Libya 259 94 101 139 105 382 293 43 97 Saudi Arabia 2,756 3,028 3,086 5,464 4,238 5.943 5,664 4,428 98 Kuwait 946 531 1,292 978 971 1,140 1,154 1,295 99 United Arab Emirates 1,046 1,021 1,052 885 970 909 811 563 Qatar 338 195 189 98 287 269 248 251 Total OAPECd 5,601 5,154 5,824 7,777 7.699 9,622 8,415 6,708 Total OPEC 6,239 6,098 6,067 8,130 7.816 9,690 8,466 6,804 OPEC As percentage of donor GNP 54 Nigeria .04 19 .10 .05 .04 .04 .20 08 81 Algeria .28 .33 .21 .16 .92 .26 .24 29 87 Venezuela .11 34 .07 .22 22 21 10 32 93 Iran), Islamic Rep. 1.12 1 16 .22 .33. 94 I raq 1.62 1 44 .33 .76 2 53 2.39 A40 -96 Libya 2.29 63 57 79 .43 1 18 1 11 18 97 Saudi Arabia 7.76 6.46 5 24 8.39 5.55 5.09 3.58 2.82 98 Kuwait 7.40 3.63 8.1 0 5.46 3.50 3 40 3.55 4.86 99 United Arab Emirates 11 68 8.88 7.23 6 35 5.09 3 30 2.88 2 06 Qatar 15 58 7.95 7.56 3 38 6.18 4.03 3.75 3.80 Total OAPECdJ 5.73 4.23 3.95 4 69 3.54 3.44 2 87 2.42 Total OPEC 2 92 2.32 1.96 2.47 1.86 2.21 1 93 1.65 Net Bilateral flow to low-income countries 1960 1965 1970 1975 1978 1979 OECD ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~__P_e_r'cen_tag'e ~ 0o1 d-ono-r _G_NP__ 1980 ' 1981 1982 101 Italy .03 .04 06 01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .04 102 New Zealand . . .14 .03 .01 .01 .01, 00 104 United K ngdom .22 23 15 .11 .15 .15 .12 .13 07 105 Austria . 06 05 .02 .01 .02 .0 .0 .01 106 Japan .12 .13 .11 .08 .07 .08 07 06 1 107 Belg urn 27 .56 .30 .31 .23 .27 .24 .25 21 108 Finland . .06 04 06 08 09 08 109 Netnerlands 19 08 .24 .24 .34 .26 32 37 29 110 Australia . .08 .09 .10 .08 .06 .04 06 08 111 Canada .11 .10 .22 .24 17 13 11 12 13 112 France .01 .12 .09 .10 08 07 .08 .11 10 113 Germany Fed. Rep 13 .14 10 .12 07 .09 .09 11 .13 j14 Denmark . .02 10 20 21 28 28 20 .22 115 U nted States .22 .26 .14 08 .04 03 03 03 .0 116 Sweden 01 07 12 .41 37 41 34 31 .36 117 Norway .02 .04 12 25 .39 .33 .28 .25 .33 1t8 Switzerland 02 05 .10 .08 .06 .08 .07 .09 Total .18 20 13 11 .09 .08 07 08 08 a Preliminary est mates. b See the tecnnical notes c. Provisional. d. Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries 253
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
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improving the availability of famil
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Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
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Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
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FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
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growth. Fertility has declined in t
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Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
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FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
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able several types of condoms, pill
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housing schemes to parents with onl
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and training, data collection and a
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9 Ten years of experience Much that
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ecause few effective methods are of
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Population data supplement The six
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Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
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190 Births and total fertility =Ice
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Table 1. Population projections Rat
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Table 2. Population composition Low
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Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
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Table 5. Status of women Number enr
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Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
Page 216 and 217: Bibliographical note This Report ha
Page 218 and 219: Background papers Note: Source refe
Page 220 and 221: -1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
Page 222 and 223: I I
Page 224 and 225: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 226 and 227: Key In each table, economies are li
Page 228 and 229: same order is used in all tables. T
Page 230 and 231: Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
Page 232 and 233: Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
Page 236 and 237: Table 3. Structure of production GD
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
Page 240 and 241: Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 244 and 245: Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
Page 258 and 259: Table 14. Balance of payments and r
Page 260 and 261: Table 15. Flow of public and public
Page 262 and 263: Table 16. External public debt and
Page 264 and 265: Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
Page 268 and 269: Table 19. Population growth and pro
Page 270 and 271: Table 20. Demographic and fertility
Page 272 and 273: Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
Page 274 and 275: Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
Page 276 and 277: Table 23. Indicators related to lif
Page 278 and 279: Table 24. Health-related indicators
Page 280 and 281: Table 25. Education Number Number e
Page 282 and 283: Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
Page 284 and 285: Table 27. Central government curren
Page 286 and 287: Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
Page 288 and 289: Technical notes This edition of the
Page 290 and 291: difficulties in assigning subsisten
Page 292 and 293: series in national currencies are a
Page 294 and 295: Public loans are external obligatio
Page 296 and 297: estimates, the total fertility rate
Page 298 and 299: expenditure and current revenue sho
Page 300: Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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