World Development Report 1984

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Table 16. External public debt and debt ser-vice ratios External public debt Interest payments Detsrceaprengeo outstanding and disbursed on external Debt__service_as_percentage_of Millions of As percentage public debt Exports of dollars of GNP (millions of dollars) GNP goods and services 1970 1982 1970 1982a 1970 1982 1970 1982a 1970 19821 Low-income economies 1'0. 6l.a 1, 13 8 China and India Other low-income 20)9, W6 i5., 1 6 57,, -4 1IChad 32 189 11.9 59 0 (. )1.0 0.1 3.9 04 2 Bangladesh .. 4,353 38.6 .. 48 1.0 . 83 3 Ethiopia 169 875 9.5 19.8 6 22 1.2 1 2 11 4 95 4 Nepal 3 297 0.3 11 6 (1 3 0.3 0.2 2.3 5 Mali 238 822 88.1 79.4 () 5 02 0.8 1.2 3.5 6 Burma 101 1,960 4.7 33.5 3 52 09 2.1 15 8 22.0 7 Zaire 311 4,087 17.6 78.4 9 72 21 26 44 8 Malawi 122 692 43.2 48.8 3 32 2 1 4.5 7.1 22 8 9 Upper Voilta 21 335 6.3 29.3 () 7 0.6 1 7 40 10 Uganda 138 587 10.6 8.0 4 10 0.6 0.9 2.7 22.3 11 India 7.940 19,487 14.9 11.4 189 476 0.9 0.7 20.9 71 12 Rwanda 2 189 0.9 13.5 (.) 2 0.2 02 1 3 3.2 13 Burundi 7 201 3.1 17.0 () 2 0.3 04 14 Tanzan,a 248 1,659 19.4 32.7 6 33 1.2 1 1 4.9 5 1 15 Somalia 77 944 24.4 78.4 (3 10 03 1 6 2.1 72 16 Haiti 40 405 10.3 25.0 (1 8 1.0 1 2 5.8 51 17 Benin 41 556 16.0 57.5 () 28 0.7 4.8 2.2 18 Central African Rep. 24 222 13.7 34.6 1 2 1.7 0.7 4 8 2.9 1 9 China .. .. . . 20 Gu nea 314 1.230 47 4 76.8 4 24 2 2 4.9 21 Niger 32 603 8.7 40 2 1 44 0 6 7 3 3 8 22 Madagascar 93 1,565 10.8 56.8 2 42 0.8 4 1 3.5 23 Sri Lanka 317 1,969 16.1 41 8 1 2 68 2.0 2.9 10.3 8 3 24 Togo 40 819 16.0 104.5 1 22 0 9 4.3 2.9 25 Ghana 489 1.116 22.6 3.6 12 27 1.1 0 2 5 0 6 8 26 Pakiatan 3,059 9,178 30.5 31.~5 76 213 1 9 1 8 . 9.2 27 Kenya 316 2,359 20 5 39 2 1 2 147 1.8 5 4 5 4 20.3 28 Sierra Leone 59 370 14.3 29.8 2 2 2.9 0.9 9 9 20.8 29 Afghanistan 547 . 58.1 . 9 .. 2.5 . 30 Bhutan . . . 31 Kampuchea, Dem.. . . .. 32 Lao PDR . 33 Mozambique . . . 34 Viet Nam . . . Middle-income economies 12 3;, 24 5 1 5. 4 2 101I 16 9 Oil exporters 27 259.. I?,. 4 6 I'2 6., 19.7,. O.ilimporters 12 1 23 7 I15. 3 8 . 159, Lower middle-income I154, 2 7 2. 1 6 ; 7 ;. 93. I1 E;, 35 Sudan 319 5,093 15.8 47.7 1 3 1 1 1.7 0.8 10.7 7 5 36 Mauritan a 27 1,001 13 9 146.5 () 24 1.7 5.8 3.1 11 8 37 Yemen, PDR 38 Liberia 1 158 761 641 . 49.6 80.2 68.1 (. 6 8 14 . 5.5 5.0 3.5 () . 6.2 1 39 Senegal 98 1,329 11.6 55.0 2 64 0 8 4.2 2 7 40 Yemen Arab Rep . 1,312 .. 36.1 . 10 .. 1.5 . 3 8 41 Lesotho 8 123 7.8 20.4(. 3 0.4 1.2 .. 2 0 42 Bolivia 43 Indonesia 479 2,443 2,556 18,421 47 1 27.1 39 1 21.1 6 24 165 1,160 2.3 0.9 4 0 2.6 11.3 6.9 28.2 8.3 44 Zambia 623 2.381 37.0 66.3 26 88 3.5 5.1 5.9 17.4 45 Honduras 90 1,385 12.9 53.2 3 97 0 8 5.7 2 8 16.8 46 Egypt, Arab Rep. 1,644 15,468 23.8 52.8 38 391 4.1 6 4 28 7 20.2 47 El Salvador 88 801 6.6 22 2 4 27 0 9 1 4 3.6 4.6 48 Tna land 324 6,206 4 9 17.4 1 6 483 0.6 2 2 3.4 8 4 49 Papua New Guinea 36 746 5.8 32 8 1 63 0.1 4 1 10 2 50 Philippines 572 8.836 6.1 22.5 23 535 1 4 2.6 7.2 12.8 51 Zimbabwe 233 1,221 15.7 19.1 5 95 0 6 2.3 . 9.2 52 N.gera 480 6,085 4 8 8 7 20 722 0 6 1.9 4 2 9.5 53 Morocco 711 9,030 18.0 60 8 23 615 % 9 4 7 7 36 8 - 54 Cameroon 131 1,912 12.1 26.8 4 121 068 3.7 3 1 15.6 55 Nicaragua 155 2,810 20.7 100.1 7 120 3.2 10.2 11.0 56 Ivory Coast 256 4.861 18.3 74.3 1 1 476 2.8 14.9 6.8 36 9 57 Guatemala 106 1,119 5.7 13.0 6 54 1.4 1 0 7 4 6.6 56 Congo, People's Rep. 135 1,370 50.4 67 5 3 92 3 3 13.4 .. 22.6 59 Costa Rica 134 2,475 13.8 111 7 7 82 2 9 6 2 10 0 12.5 60 Peru 856 6,900 12.6 33 5 44 548 2.1 7.4 11.6 36.7 61 Dominican Rep. 212 1,620 14 5 21.2 4 109 0.6 3 3 4.1 18 7 62 Jamaica 154 1.511 11.5 49.9 6 128 1.1 8.0 2.5 16 8 63 Ecuador 217 3.912 13.2 34.3 7 561 1.4 9 7 9.1 30.8 64 Turkey 1,854 15,933 14.4 29.7 42 932 1.3 3.4 16.3 19 6 Note For data comparability and coverage see the technical notes. 248
External public debt Interest payments outstanding and disbursed on external Debt service as percentage of: Millions of As percentage public debt Exports of dollars of GNP (millions of dollars) GNP goods and services 1970 1982 1970 1982a 1970 1982 1970 1982a 1970 1982a 65 Tunisa 541 3,472 38.2 42.2 18 196 4.5 5.9 17.5 15.1 66 Colombia 1,293 6,004 18.8 15.4 44 569 1.8 2.2 11.9 17.5 67 Paraguay 112 940 19.2 16.1 4 41 1 8 1.4 11 9 103 68 Angola .. .. 69 Cuba .. . .. .. .. 70 Korea, Dem. Rep. . .. . . .. .. 71 Lebanon 64 213 4 2 . 1 19 0.2 . 72 Mongolia .- - -- Uppermiddle-income 108, -23 1 5 . 44 10, 169. 73 Syrian Arab Rep. 232 2,616 12.8 15.1 6 92 2.0 22 10.8 14.2 74 Jordan 118 1,686 22.8 42.9 2 61 0.9 4.9 3.6 61 75 Malaysia 390 7,671 10 0 30 5 21 479 1 7 2.9 3.6 5.1 76 Korea, Rep Of 1,797 20,061 20.4 28.3 70 1,887 3 0 5.2 19 4 13 1 77 Panama 194 2,820 195 70.6 7 332 3.1 15.4 7.7 13.8 78 Chile 2,066 5,239 25.8 23.7 78 551 3 0 4.7 18.9 18.8 79 Brazil 3,236 47,589 7.1 16.9 133 5,896 0.9 3.5 12.5 42.1 80 Mexico 3,206 50.412 9.1 31.1 216 5,892 2.0 55 23.6 29 5 81 Algeria 937 13,897 19.3 31.9 10 1,368 0.9 9 8 3.2 24.6 82 Portugal 485 9,598 7.8 43.9 29 904 1.5 7.8 .. 20.0 83 Argentina 1.878 15,780 8 2 29 5 121 1.272 2 0 4.4 21.5 24 5 84 Uruguay 269 1,829 111 20.2 16 156 2.6 2.5 21.6 13.4 85 South Afrca 86 Yugoslavia 1,198 5,626 8.8 9.4 72 519 1.8 1.5 8 4 4 6 87 Venezuela 728 12,122 6.6 17.8 40 1,557 0.7 4.6 2.9 15.6 88 Greece 905 6.783 8.9 17.3 41 588 1.0 3.0 7.1 133 89 Israel 2,274 14,900 41.3 64 6 13 1,001 0.7 9.2 2.7 20.8 90 Hong Kong 2 267 01 1.0 (.) 22 () 0.2 () () 91 Singapore 152 1,423 7.9 10.0 6 114 06 1.7 06 08 92 Trinidad and Tobago 101 651 12 2 8.9 6 63 19 1.4 4 4 29 93 Iran, Islamic Rep 2,193 . 20.8 85 3 0 12.2 94 Iraq 274 8.8 . 9 . 0.9 .. 2.2 High-income oil exporters 95 Oman . 677 11.5 .. 30 . 1 8 .. 22 96 Libya 97 Saudi Arabia 98 Kuwait 99 United Arab Emirates Industrial market economies 100 Ireland 101 Spain 102 Italy 103 New Zealand 104 Un ted Kingdom 105 Austria 106 Japan 107 Belgium 108 Finlano 109 Netherlands 110 Australia 111 Canada 112 France 113 Germany Fed. Rep. 114 Denmark 115 United States 116 Sweden 117 Norway 118 Switzerland East European nonmaiket economies 119 Hungary . 6,739 .. 30.0 .. 808 . 8.0 170 120 Romania 121 Albania 122 Bulgaria 123 Czechoslovakia 124 German Dem. Rep. 125 Poland 126 USSR a Figures .n talics are for 1981, not 1982 249
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
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improving the availability of famil
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Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
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Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
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FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
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growth. Fertility has declined in t
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Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
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FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
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able several types of condoms, pill
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housing schemes to parents with onl
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and training, data collection and a
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9 Ten years of experience Much that
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ecause few effective methods are of
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Population data supplement The six
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Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
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190 Births and total fertility =Ice
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Table 1. Population projections Rat
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Table 2. Population composition Low
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Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
Page 212 and 213: Table 5. Status of women Number enr
Page 214 and 215: Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
Page 216 and 217: Bibliographical note This Report ha
Page 218 and 219: Background papers Note: Source refe
Page 220 and 221: -1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
Page 222 and 223: I I
Page 224 and 225: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 226 and 227: Key In each table, economies are li
Page 228 and 229: same order is used in all tables. T
Page 230 and 231: Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
Page 232 and 233: Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
Page 236 and 237: Table 3. Structure of production GD
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
Page 240 and 241: Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 244 and 245: Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
Page 258 and 259: Table 14. Balance of payments and r
Page 260 and 261: Table 15. Flow of public and public
Page 264 and 265: Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
Page 266 and 267: Table 18. Official development assi
Page 268 and 269: Table 19. Population growth and pro
Page 270 and 271: Table 20. Demographic and fertility
Page 272 and 273: Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
Page 274 and 275: Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
Page 276 and 277: Table 23. Indicators related to lif
Page 278 and 279: Table 24. Health-related indicators
Page 280 and 281: Table 25. Education Number Number e
Page 282 and 283: Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
Page 284 and 285: Table 27. Central government curren
Page 286 and 287: Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
Page 288 and 289: Technical notes This edition of the
Page 290 and 291: difficulties in assigning subsisten
Page 292 and 293: series in national currencies are a
Page 294 and 295: Public loans are external obligatio
Page 296 and 297: estimates, the total fertility rate
Page 298 and 299: expenditure and current revenue sho
Page 300: Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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