World Development Report 1984

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Table 14. Balance of payments and reserves Receipts Gross international reserves Current account of workers' Net direct In months balance remittances private investment Millions of of import (millions of dollars) (millions of dollars) (millions of dollars) dollars coverage 1970 1982a 1970 1982a 1970 1982a 1970 1982a 1982a Low-income economies 7 ' China and India 61,I Other low-income 30O.lChad 2 19 . . 1 ()2 18 2.0 2 Bangladesh .. -632 . 329 . .. 207 0.9 3 Etniopia -32 -196 .. .4 72 277 3.6 4 Nepal . - 86 . .. 94 268 6.5 5Mali -2 -113 6 39 .. 2 1 25 0.7 6 Burma -63 -317 . .98 328 3 9 7 Zaire -64 -375 2 .42 .189 312 1.6 8 Malaw. -35 -78 .. 9 .. 29 29 0.9 9 Upper Volta 9 .. 18 . () .36 67 lO Uganda 20 -256 . .4 . 57 73 01 11 India -394 -2,696 113 2,293 6 . 1,023 8,109 5.4 12 Rwanaa 7 - 90 1 1 O. 21 8 128 4.3 13 Burund ... . .15 37 14 Tanzania -36 -268 .. 9 .. 65 19 0.2 15 Somalia -6 -177 . 20 5 -1 21 15 0.3 16 Haiti 2 -93 17 95 3 13 4 12 0.3 17 Benin -1 2 .. 7 16 10 18 Central African Rep. -12 -39 () .1 9 1 52 2 3 19 Cnina .. 5,608 . . 17,142 9 4 20 GLinea .. . 21 Niger () . 1 .19 35 22 Madagascar 10 -369 . 10 .37 20 0 3 23 Sr Lanka -59 -574 3 290 () 64 43 380 1 9 24 Togo 3 -152 1 - 35 173 5.6 25 Ghana -68 83 1 68 21 58 318 4.0 26 Pakistan -667 -811 .. 2.580 31 65 194 1,813 3.0 27 Kenya -49 -509 . 14 60 220 248 1.4 28 Sierra Leone -16 -158 . 8 6 39 8 04 29 Afghanistan 49 699 30 Bhutan 31 Kampuchea, Dem. 32 Lao PDR .6 33 Mozainbique 34 Vijet Nam . 243 Middle-income economies 4 7. Oil exporters 416 Oil importers 4 a Lower middle-income 3 9. 35 Sudan -42 -248 . 131 . 22 21 0 2 36 Mauritania -5 -252 1 2 1 15 3 144 2.7 37 Yemen, PDR -4 -221 60 411 .. .59 271 34 38 Liberia .. - 79 . 8 02 39 Senegal -16 . 3 .. 5 .22 25 40 Yem'en Arab Rep, -610 .. 1,118 24 .. 558 2.9 41 Lesotho .. -50 .4 .. 48 1.2 42 Bolivia 4 -92 O. 1 -76 37 46 563 6.4 43 Indonesia -310 -737 . 83 133 160 6,248 3 0 44 Zambia 108 -252 . -297 . 515 157 1 5 45 Honduras -64 -228 . 8 14 20 120 1 4 46 Egypt. Arab Rep -148 -2.216 29 2,074 650 165 1 809 1 9 47 El Salvador 9 -250 . .4 . 64 277 2.6 48 Thaiiand -250 -1.144 .. 616 43 185 912 2.674 3 0 49 Papua New Guinea . -487 .. - 84 . 374 2 9 50 Philppines 51 Zimbabwe 52 Nigeria 53 Morocco 54 Carmeroon -48 . -368 -124 -30 -3,356 - 706 -7,324 -1,876 -525 .. . . 63 () 240 2 849 21 -29 . 205 20 16 253 7 358 79 1 255 59 223 141 81 2,573 320 1,927 540 81 2 7 I 7 1.1 1 1 0 5 55 Nicaragua 56 Ivory Coast 57 Guatemala 58 Congo, People's Rep 59 Costa Rica -40 -38 -8 - 74 15 -379 -320 -200 .29 . . .. is 5 31 26 . 76 31 33 49 119 79 9 16 171 23 351 42 250 0.1 2.4 0.3 2.3 60 Peru 61 Dominican Rep 62 Jamnaica 202 -102 -153 -1,644 -442 -403 . 25 29 190 75 70 72 161 59 -1 -16 339 32 139 1,987 171 109 4.0 1 0.7 63 Ecuaoor -113 -1,002 .. .89 60 76 797 24 64 Turkey -44 -849 273 2,187 58 150 440 2,645 3.1 Note For data comparabnlity and coverage see the technncal notes. 244
Receipts Gross international reserves Current account of workers' Net direct In months balance remittances private investment Millions of of import (millions of dollars) (millions of dollars) (millions of dollars) dollars coverage 1970 1982a 1970 1982a 1970 1982a 1970 1982a 1982a 65 Tunisia -53 -657 29 372 16 339 60 692 2.1 66 Colombia -293 -2,265 6 39 268 207 5,605 9.0 67 Paraguay -16 -388 1 4 44 18 699 7.2 68 Angola 69 Cuba 70 Korea, Dem. Rep. 71 Lebanon 405 6,822 72 Mon golha Upper middle-income I 73 Syrian Arab Rep -69 -493 7 140 .. - 57 579 1 5 74 Jordan -20 -336 - 1,084 .. 56 258 1,378 3 8 75 Malaysia 8 -3,445 .. 5 94 1.230 667 4,833 3 3 76 Korea, Rep. oi -623 -2,679 33 126 66 -77 610 2,946 1.1 77 Panama -64 -454 67 13 33 37 16 101 0.2 78 Chile -91 - 2,382 . . -79 365 392 2,597 3.9 79 Brazil -837 -16.332 . 6 407 2,551 1,190 3,997 1 2 80 Mexico -1,068 -2,778 123 216 323 868 756 1,777 0.6 81 Algeria -125 85 211 447 45 -1 352 5,915 4.6 82 Portugal -3,227 . 2,607 .. 136 1.565 10,540 10 7 83 Argentina -163 -2,505 6 41 11 266 682 4,504 4 5 84 Uruguay -45 -235 ..- -14 186 1,422 8.8 85 Soutn Artica -1,215 - 2,855 .318 - 573 1,057 3,944 2.0 86 Yugoslavia -372 -465 441 4,350 . 143 1,625 1 0 87 Venezuela -104 -3,456 . () -23 254 1,047 11,815 6.1 88 Greece -402 -1,891 333 1,019 50 437 318 2,630 2 8 89 Israel -562 -2,103 . 40 10 452 4,335 3 5 90 Hong Kong . 21 215 91 Singapore -572 -1,278 93 2,093 1.012 8,480 3.3 92 Trinidad andoTobago -109 283 3 1 83 258 43 3 369 13.3 93 Iran, Islamic Rep -507 .. .25 . 217 94/Iraq 105 .. .24 . 472 High-inco1me1 oil exporter 6 95 Oman 358 .- 43 . 134 129 1,532 4 8 96 Libya 645 -2,977 139 - 765 1.596 10,425 6.9 97 Saudi Arabia 71 45,125 . 320 3,376 670 34,051 5 9 98 Kuwait - 5,786 . 3.- -222 209 7,073 7.5 99 United Arab Emirates . . . ... . 2,589 Industrial market economies 100 Ireland -198 -2.147 . 32 204 698 2,794 2.7 101 Spain 111 -4,150 469 1,124 179 1,280 1,851 14.328 4 3 102 Italy 902 -5,635 446 1,187 498 -318 5,547 44.552 5 1 103 New Zea and -29 -1,499 209 22 233 258 646 0 9 104 United K.ngdom 1,975 9,391 . -439 -2,576 2,919 21,083 1 9 105 Austria -75 386 13 201 104 93 1,806 14,949 6.5 106 Japan 1,980 6,977 - 189 -260 -4,085 4,877 34.404 2.4 107 Beig um 717 -2,912 154 389 140 1,652 2,947 19,544 2.8 106 Finland -239 -943 . -41 -230 455 2.098 1 5 109 N'etnerlancos -483 3,460 . -15 -1,696 3,362 30,208 4 4 110 Australia -837 -8,447 . 785 1,979 1,709 9,995 3.6 11I Canada 821 2,470 566 - 1,658 4,733 12,258 1 8 112 France 50 -12,152 130 322 248 -1,248 5,199 53,928 3 9 113 Germany, Fed Rep. 850 3,544 350 2,323 -290 -2,429 13,879 88,251 5.1 114 Denmark -544 -2 255 - 75 55 488 3,010 1.5 115 United States 2,320 -11,504 .. 283 -6,130 13,491 15,237 143,445 4 9 116 Sweden -265 -3,547 . -104 -718 775 6.286 2 0 117 Norway -242 798 11 32 -22 813 7.414 3 4 118 Switzerland 72 3,623 23 84 . 5,317 53,511 18 0 East European nonmarket economies 119 H-ungary -25 -397 . 2 1,449 1._6_ 120 Romania 1,040 .2,073 2.2 121 Albania 122 Bu/garia 123 Czechoslovakia 124 German Dem Pep 125 Po/and 126 USSR a Figuresin italicsareforl1981, not 1982. 245
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
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improving the availability of famil
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Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
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Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
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FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
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growth. Fertility has declined in t
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Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
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FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
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able several types of condoms, pill
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housing schemes to parents with onl
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and training, data collection and a
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9 Ten years of experience Much that
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ecause few effective methods are of
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Population data supplement The six
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Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
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190 Births and total fertility =Ice
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Table 1. Population projections Rat
Page 208 and 209: Table 2. Population composition Low
Page 210 and 211: Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
Page 212 and 213: Table 5. Status of women Number enr
Page 214 and 215: Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
Page 216 and 217: Bibliographical note This Report ha
Page 218 and 219: Background papers Note: Source refe
Page 220 and 221: -1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
Page 222 and 223: I I
Page 224 and 225: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 226 and 227: Key In each table, economies are li
Page 228 and 229: same order is used in all tables. T
Page 230 and 231: Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
Page 232 and 233: Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
Page 236 and 237: Table 3. Structure of production GD
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
Page 240 and 241: Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 244 and 245: Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
Page 260 and 261: Table 15. Flow of public and public
Page 262 and 263: Table 16. External public debt and
Page 264 and 265: Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
Page 266 and 267: Table 18. Official development assi
Page 268 and 269: Table 19. Population growth and pro
Page 270 and 271: Table 20. Demographic and fertility
Page 272 and 273: Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
Page 274 and 275: Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
Page 276 and 277: Table 23. Indicators related to lif
Page 278 and 279: Table 24. Health-related indicators
Page 280 and 281: Table 25. Education Number Number e
Page 282 and 283: Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
Page 284 and 285: Table 27. Central government curren
Page 286 and 287: Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
Page 288 and 289: Technical notes This edition of the
Page 290 and 291: difficulties in assigning subsisten
Page 292 and 293: series in national currencies are a
Page 294 and 295: Public loans are external obligatio
Page 296 and 297: estimates, the total fertility rate
Page 298 and 299: expenditure and current revenue sho
Page 300: Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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