World Development Report 1984

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Table 7. Industr Distribution of manufacturing value added (percent; 1975 prices) Machinery ~~~~~~~Value added Food and agriculture Textiles and clothing and transport equipment Chemicals Other manufacturing i auatrn (millions of 1975 dollars) 1981a 1981a 19810 1981a 1981a 1970 1981 Low-income economies China and India Other low-income 1Chad 2 Bangladesh 3 Ethiopia 49 30 27 34 38 27 4 .1 1 6 2 7 1 2 44 37 647 236 21 1,290 349 4 Nepal... 5 Mali ... 44 55 6 Burma 31 1 4 1 4 50 287 456 7 Zaire 8 Malawi 9 Upper Volta 1 0 Uganda ... 54 74 54 1 0 7 25 .. 1 1 .. .186 36 8 21 44 67 222 163 81 96 87 1 1 India 2 Rwanda 1 3 58 1 8 ... 20 1 4 2 35 40 10,232 . 16,190 106 1 3 Burundi ... .. 23 44 1 4 Tanzania 1 5 Somalia ... .... 190 42 202 1 6 Haiti 35 17 . 1 47 1 7 Benin 1 8 Central African Rep. . 66 21 ()2 .56 1 44 29 19 China 20 Guinea ..... . .26 21 Niger 22 Madagascar 23 Sri Lanka 24 Togo 25 Ghana 27 46 50 28 39 10 28 ... 2 . . 10 .44 .22 .72 22 54 295 556 30 591 172 272 714 14 505 26 Pakistan 27 Kenya 28 Sierra Leone 29 Afghanistan 30 Bhutan 31 Kampuchea, Dem. 32 Lao PDR 33 Mozambique 34 Viet Nam Middle-income economies Oil exporters Oil importers Lower middle-income 46 24 ... 14 10 7 33 16 6 17 27 .25 1,492 167 2,496 531 37 35 Sudan 36 Maurilania .. .253 21 421 36 37 Yemen, PDR 38 Liberia 39 Senegal ...... 22 43 ... 15 8 78 34 25 276 59 39 298 40 Yemen Arab Rep. 41 Lesotho .. 25 3 102 10 42 Bolivia 43 Indonesia 44 Zambia 28 16 ...... 8 22 7 10 12 14 45 38 237 1,517 319 390 5.998 444 45 Honduras 46 Egypt, Arab Rep. 47 El Salvador 48 Thailand 47 20 31 14 22 26 1 14 15 7 10 3 31 34 .. 25 138 1,835 252 1,675 254 4,544 270 4,636 49 Papua New Guinea ..... .. 71 132 50 Philippines 51 Zimbabwe 52 Nigeria 53 Morocco 54 Cameroon 40 19 33 31 41 11 19 18 12 .. 10 10 12 9 2 7 11 11 10 7 32 41 26 38 50 2,816 564 1,191 1,138 199 5.706 969 4,020 1,960 477 55 Nicaragua 52 15 .. 33 262 360 56 Ivory Coast .,....398 706 57 Guatemala 58 Congo, People's Rep. ..... 37 5 .7 51 73 104 59 Costa Rica ... .. .261 531 60 Peru 61 Dominican Rep. 27 72 14 4 10 1 11 5 38 18 2,911 483 4,038 956 62 Jamaica 63 Ecuador 64 Turkey ....... 27' 24 14 11 10 15 7 12 42 38 429 322 3,678 359 887 6,532 Note: For data comparability and coverage see the technical notes. 230
Distribution of manufacturing value added (percent; 1975 prices) Machinery Value added Textiles and in manufacturing Food and and transport Other (millions of agriculture clothing equipment Chemicals manufacturing 1975 dollars) 1981a 1981a 1981a 1981a 1981a 1970 1981 65 Tunisia 20 20 8 16 36 222 820 66 Colombia 32 15 11 12 30 1,800 3,260 67 Paraguay 34 14 10 4 38 183 430 68 Angola .6 . 1. 3. 69 Cuba 36 16 1 17 30 70 Korea. Dem. Rep. .. 71 Lebanon 72 Mongolia 23 29 5 43 Upper middle-income 73 Syrian Arab Rep. 27 32 4 4 33 575 1,318 74 Jordan .. 91 286 75 Malaysia 21 8 18 6 47 941 2,918 76 Korea, Rep. of 16 23 18 11 32 2,346 10,542 77 Panama 51 12 2 6 29 204 280 78 Chile 15 5 14 12 54 1,881 2,161 79 Brazil 15 10 24 13 38 18,819 40,673 80 Mexico 19 8 20 12 41 14,592 31,115 81 Algera 24 16 10 3 47 1,068 3,125 82 Portugal 12 18 22 14 34 3,496 6,109 83 Argentina 12 11 23 13 41 10,693 10,612 84 Uruguay 26 23 11 8 32 726 960 85 South Africa 14 11 18 11 46 86 Yugoslavia 15 14 20 9 42 4.832 12,605 87 Venezuela 27 6 8 8 51 3,419 5,531 88 Greece 20 26 9 9 36 2,540 4,540 89 Israel 15 12 25 8 40 90 Hong Kong .. .. . 1,620 4,966 91 Singapore 5 3 55 4 33 827 2,556 92 Trinidad and Tobago 14 4 9 7 66 404 434 93 Iran, Islamic Rep. 14 20 10 .. 56 2,601 94 Iraq 22 22 .. 56 522 High-income oil exporters 95 Oman .. .. . . 96 Libya 14 .. 21 65 154 544 97 Saudi Arabia 4 . . 96 1,726 3,568 98 Kuwait 9 . 17 74 368 986 99 United Arab Emirates . . . Industrial market economies 100 Ireland 23 10 13 15 39 . 101 Spain 13 14 17 10 46 18,331 28,734 102 Italy 10 15 29 8 38 103 New Zealand 24 11 16 4 45 104 United Kingdom 13 8 34 10 35 58,677 52,963 105 Austria 15 9 24 7 45 9,112 13,355 106 Japan 7 5 39 8 41 118,403 252,581 107 Belgium 18 8 27 12 35 14,386 19,164 108 Finland 12 8 25 8 47 5,636 8,919 109 Netherlands 19 4 28 13 36 18,684 23,760 110 Austral a 17 7 22 8 46 20,206 25,379 111 Canada 14 7 23 7 49 25,748 36,978 j112 France 17 7 33 7 36 75,800 104,907 113 Germany, Fed. Rep. 10 5 37 10 38 149,113 182,717 114 Denmark 24 7 25 8 36 5,858 8,139 115 United States 11 6 33 12 38 328,200 446,700 116 Sweden 10 3 35 7 45 16,743 18,138 '117 Norway 16 4 27 7 46 5,322 6.309 118 Switzerland 20 8 21 13 38 East European nonmarket economies 119 Hungary 11 10 29 10 40 3,244 5.984 120 Romania 12 15 33 12 28 121 Albania . .. . . . 122 Bulgaria 25 16 16 6 37 . 123 Czechoslovakia 7 9 38 8 38 124 German Dem. Rep. 18 10 34 9 29 125 Poland 5 19 32 9 35 126 USSR 12 11 29 6 42 a Figures in italics are for 1980, not 1981. 231
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
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improving the availability of famil
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Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
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Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
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FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
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growth. Fertility has declined in t
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Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
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FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
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able several types of condoms, pill
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housing schemes to parents with onl
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Page 196 and 197: 9 Ten years of experience Much that
Page 198 and 199: ecause few effective methods are of
Page 200 and 201: Population data supplement The six
Page 202 and 203: Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
Page 204 and 205: 190 Births and total fertility =Ice
Page 206 and 207: Table 1. Population projections Rat
Page 208 and 209: Table 2. Population composition Low
Page 210 and 211: Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
Page 212 and 213: Table 5. Status of women Number enr
Page 214 and 215: Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
Page 216 and 217: Bibliographical note This Report ha
Page 218 and 219: Background papers Note: Source refe
Page 220 and 221: -1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
Page 222 and 223: I I
Page 224 and 225: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 226 and 227: Key In each table, economies are li
Page 228 and 229: same order is used in all tables. T
Page 230 and 231: Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
Page 232 and 233: Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
Page 236 and 237: Table 3. Structure of production GD
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
Page 240 and 241: Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
Page 258 and 259: Table 14. Balance of payments and r
Page 260 and 261: Table 15. Flow of public and public
Page 262 and 263: Table 16. External public debt and
Page 264 and 265: Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
Page 266 and 267: Table 18. Official development assi
Page 268 and 269: Table 19. Population growth and pro
Page 270 and 271: Table 20. Demographic and fertility
Page 272 and 273: Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
Page 274 and 275: Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
Page 276 and 277: Table 23. Indicators related to lif
Page 278 and 279: Table 24. Health-related indicators
Page 280 and 281: Table 25. Education Number Number e
Page 282 and 283: Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
Page 284 and 285: Table 27. Central government curren
Page 286 and 287: Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
Page 288 and 289: Technical notes This edition of the
Page 290 and 291: difficulties in assigning subsisten
Page 292 and 293: series in national currencies are a
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Public loans are external obligatio
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estimates, the total fertility rate
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expenditure and current revenue sho
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Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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