Table 3. Structure of production GDpa Distribution of gross domestic product (percent) (millions of dollars) Agriculture Industry (Manufacturing)' Services 1960c 1982d 1960c 19820 1960c 1 9 8 2 d 1960c 19 8 2 cd 19600 1 9 8 2 d Lo-noeeconomnies China and India Other low-income 49 .- 37.. 48,, 36; 48.. A4 ; 26. 28; 3., 32 35 .. 16 Q 13 9., 14. ,, 9,. 25.1_ .- 24,.. 39,. "1 29 40 iChad 2 Bangladesh 3 Ethiopia 4 Nepal 5 Mali 180 3,170 900 410 270 400 10,940 4,010 2,510 1,030 52 57 65 . 55 64 47 49 43 1 7 12 1 0 7 14 1 6 10 4 5 6 5 4 7 1 1 5 37 36 23 35 29 39 36 47 6 Burma 7 Zaire 8 Malawi 9 Upper Volta 10 Uganda 1,280 130 160 200 540 5,900 5,380 1,320 1,000 8,630 33 30 50 55 52 48 32 I 41 82 1 2 27 10 16 1 2 13 24 16 4 8 13 5 9 9 9 3 1 2 4 55 43 40 31 36 39 44 43 14 1 India 1 2 Rwanda 13 Burundi 14 Tanzania 15 Somalia 29,550 120 190 550 160 150,760 1,260 1,110 4,530 .. 50 80 .. 57 71 33 46 56 52 .8 20 6 1 26 22 1 7 1 5 14 1 . 5 3 16 16 10 9 .. 30 1 4 . 32 21 41 32 27 33 16 Haiti 7 Benin 18 Central African Rep 19 China 20 Guinea 270 160 110 42,770 400 1,640. 830 660 260,400 1.750 55 51 470 .. 44 35 37 41 8 1 1 330 1 3 1 9 41 23 3 3 7 8 .. 2 37 38 200 43 46 22 36 21 Niger 22 Madagascar 23 Sri Lanka 24 Togo 25 Ghana 250 540 1,500 120 1,220 1,560 2,900 4,400 800 31,220 69 37 32 55 41 31 41 27 23 51 9 10 20 1 5 1 0 30 15 27 29 8 4 4 1 5 8 8 1 5 6 5 22 53 48 30 49 39 44 46 48 41 26 Pakistan 27 Kenya 28 Sierra Leone 29 Afghanistan 30 Bhutan 31 Kainpuchea, Dem 32 Lao PDR 3,500 730 . 1,190 24,660 5,340 1,130 46 38 . 31 33 32 1 6 1 8 .. 25 22 20 1 2 9 .. 1 7 1 3 5 38 44 44 45 48 33 Mozambique 34 Viet Nam . . Middle-income economies Oil exporters Oil importers 24. 27;, .23., 15. 14;,' i7;, 30 25; 32... 38 40., 35. 21 14. 22, Li20 iT;7 23 . 416 . 48 . 45., 46 48 Lower middle-income 37 23. 22 ..- 35. 15: 17,., aI . -42 35 Sudan 1,160 9,290 .. 36 I . 1 4 . 7 s.o5 36 Mauritania 90 640 44 29 2 1 25 3 8 35 46 37 Yemen, PDR .. 630 .. 12 . 27 . .61 38 Liberia 220 950 . 36 .. 28 .. 7 . 36 39 Senegal 610 2,510 24 22 1 7 25 12 15 59 53 40 Yemen Arab Rep. . 3,210 . 26 17 7 7. 56 41 Lesotho 30 300 .. 23 .. 22 . 6 55 42 Bolivia 460 7,160 26 17 25 27 15 14 49 56 43 Indonesia 8,670 90,160 54 26 14 39 8 13 32 35 44 Zambia 680 3,830 1 1 14 63 36 4 19 26 50 45 Honduras 300 2,520 37 27 19 27 13 17 44 46 46 Egypt. Arab Rep, 3,880 26,400 30 20 24 34 20 27 46 46 47 El Salvador 570 3,680 32 22 1 9 20 1 5 1 5 49 58 48 Thailand 2,550 36,790 40 22 1 9 28 1 3 1 9 4 1 50 49 Papua New Guinea 230 2,350 49 .. 13 .. 4 .38 50 Philippines 6,960 39,850 26 22 28 36 20 24 46 42 51 Zimbabwe 780 5,900 1 8 1 5 35 35 1 7 25 47 50 52 Nigeria 3,150 71.720 63 22 1 1 39 5 6 26 39 53 Morocco 2,040 14,700 23 1 8 26 31 1 6 1 6 51 51 54 Cameroon 550 7,370 .. 27 .. 3 1 1 1 42 55 Nicaragua 340 2,940 24 21 21 32 1 6 26 55 47 56 Ivory Coast 570 7,560 43 26 1 4 23 7 1 2 43 51 57 Guatemnala 1,040 8,730 ... . 58 Congo. People's Rep 130 2,170 23 6 1 7 52 1 0 5 60 42 59 Costa Rica 510 2,580 26 25 20 27 14 20 54 48 60 Peru 2,410 21,620 18 8 33 39 24 24 49 53 61 Dominican Rep. 720 7,230 27 18 23 28 1 7 16 50 54 62 Jamaica 700 3,180 10 7 36 32 1 5 16 54 61 63 Ecuaoor 970 12,330 26 11 20 40 16 12 54 49 64 Turkey 8,810 49,980 41 21 21 31 13 22 38 46 Note. For data comnparability and coverage see the technical notes. 222
GDPa Distribution of gross domestic product (percent) (millions of dollars) Agriculture Industry (Manufacturing)b Services 19601 1 9 8 2 0 1960c 1 9 8 2 d 1960c 1 9 8 2 d 1960c 1 9 8 2 d 1960c 1 9 8 2 d1 65 Tunisa 770 7,090 24 15 18 36 8 13 58 49 66 Colomb a 3,780 34,970 34 26 26 31 1 7 21 40 42 67 Paraguay 300 5,850 36 26 20 26 1 7 1 6 44 48 68 Angola 69 Cuba 70 Korea, Dem. Rep. 71 Lebanon 830 11 20 13 .69 72 Mongolia Upper middle-income 18, Ii, 33 , 41 ~ 25 Ž22. ;9 .8;. 73 Syrian Arab Rep. 890 15,240 .. 19 . 31 ... 50 74 Jordan 3,500 . 7 . 29 . 14 .. 64 75 Malaysia 2290 25,870 36 23 18 30 9 18 46 47 76 Korea, Rep. of 3,810 68,420 37 16 20 39 14 28 43 45 77 Panama 420 4,190 17 .18 10 .. 65 78 Chile 3,910 24,140 9 6 35 34 21 20 56 60 79 Brazi) 14,540 248,470 16 .35 26 .. 49 80 Mexico 12,040 171,270 16 7 29 38 19 21 55 55 81 Algeria 2,740 44,930 16 6 35 55 8 10 49 39 82 Portugal 2,340 21,290 25 12 36 44 29 35 39 44 83 Argentna 12,170 64,450 16 .38 .32 .. 46 84 UJruguay 1,120 9,790 19 8 28 33 21 26 53 59 85 South Africa 6,980 74,330 12 40 .. 21 48 86 Yugoslavia 9,860 68,000 24 13 45 45 36 32 31 42 87 Venezuela 7,570 69,490 6 6 22 42 . 16 72 52 88 Greece 3,110 33,950 23 19 26 29 16 18 51 52 89 Israel 2,030 20,490 11 5 32 35 23 .. 57 60 90 Hong Kong 950 24,440 4 .. 39 26 .57 91 Singapore 700 14,650 4 1 18 37 12 26 78 62 92 Trinidac and Tobago 470 6,970 8 2 45 52 24 13 47 46 93 Iran, Islamic Rep. 4,120 . 29 33 .11 38 94/Iraq 1.580 .. 17 51 .. 10 .. 32 High-income oil exporters I., ; 95 Oman 50 7,110 74 .8 1 .. 18 96 Libya 310 28,360 2 . 68 . 3 .. 30 97 Saudi Arabia .. 153,590 .. 1 . 77 . 4 .. 22 98 Kuwait .. 20,060 . 1 .. 61 .. 7 . 38 99 United Arab Emirates . 29,870 . .. Industrial market economies 6, 3.. 40' 36 30, 24., 54 61. 100 Ireland 1,770 17,180 22 . 26 .... 52 101 Spain 11,430 181,250 . 6 . 34 . 22 60 102 Italy 37,1 90 344,580 12 6 41 41 31 29 47 53 103 New Zealand 3,940 23,820 . O 33 . 25 57 104 United Kingdom 71,440 473,220 3 2 43 33 32 19 54 65 105 Austr a 6,270 66,640 11 4 47 39 35 27 42 57 106 Japan 44,000 1,061,920 13 4 45 42 34 30 42 54 107 Belg um 11,280 85,240 6 2 41 35 30 25 53 63 108 Finland 5,010 48,930 17 8 35 35 23 24 48 57 109 Netherlands 11,580 136,520 9 4 46 33 34 24 45 63 110 Australia 16,370 164,210 12 6 40 35 28 20 48 59 111 Canaca 39,930 289,570 6 4 34 29 23 16 60 67 112 France 60,060 537,260 11 4 39 34 29 25 50 62 113 Germany, Fed. Rep. 72,100 662,990 6 2 53 46 40 35 41 52 114 Denmark 5,960 57,000 11 5 31 24 21 17 58 71 115 United States 1l16 Sweden 117 Norway 118 Sw tzerland East European nonmarket economies 505,300 3.009,600 13,950 98.770 4,630 56.080 8,550 96,730 4 7 9 3 3 4 38 40 33 .. 33 31 41 ... 29 27 21 22 21 15 . 58 53 58 64 66 55 119 Hungary' 120 Romania 121 Albania 122 Bulgaria 123 Czechoslovakia 124 Germnan Dem. Pep. 125 Poland 126 USSR 20,710 53,020 . . 28 . 21 18 39 . 45 57 . . -33 34 25 a. See the tech nical notes. b. Manufacturing is a part of tne industrial sector, but its share of GDP is snown separately because it typically is the mostodynamic part ofthe industrial sector. c Figures in italics are for 1 961 not 1 960 d Figures in italics are for 1981, not 1982 e Based on net mater al product. f Based on constant price series. Serv ces include the unallocated snare ofGDP 223
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
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improving the availability of famil
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Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
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Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
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FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
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growth. Fertility has declined in t
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Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
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Technical notes This edition of the
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difficulties in assigning subsisten
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series in national currencies are a
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Public loans are external obligatio
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estimates, the total fertility rate
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expenditure and current revenue sho
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Bibliography of data sources Nation