World Development Report 1984

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same order is used in all tables. The alphabetical measures are separately shown for China and list in the key shows the reference number of each India and for other low-income economies. And economy; italics indicate those economies placed because trade in oil affects the economic characterat the end of a group due to the unavailability of istics and performance of middle-income econo- GNP per capita figures. Countries with popula- mies, summary measures are also shown for oil tions of less than a million are not reported in the importers and for oil exporters. Moreover, the tables, largely for lack of comprehensive data. The group of middle-income economies is divided into technical note to Table I shows some basic indica- lower and upper categories to provide more meantors for 34 small countries that are members of the ingful summary measures. United Nations, the World Bank, or both. The weights used in computing the summary Summary measures-totals, median values, or measures are described in the technical notes. The weighted averages-were calculated for the econ- letter w after a summary measure indicates that it omy groups only if data were adequate and mean- is a weighted average; the letter m, that it is a ingful statistics could be obtained. Because China median value; the letter t, that it is a total. The and India heavily influence the overall summary median is the middle value of a data set arranged measures for the low-income economies, summary in order of magnitude. Because the coverage of Groups of economies The colors on the map show what group a country has been placed in on , the basis of its GNP per capita and, in some instances, its distinguishing -~ - - , economic characteristics. For example, all low-income economies, those with .. a GNP per capita of less than $410, are ;. colored yellow. The groups are the same as those used in the 28 tables ' ,,,,,,n.that follow, and they include only the 126 countries with a population of i more than 1 million. I 214 Low-income economies 2 Middle-income oil importers -M_ aS Middle-income oil exporters ElSal adoN: rage , High-income oil exporters Cosa aRi , a Industrial market economies East European nonmarket economies Z Not included in the Indicators Tokelau (0NZ, Western Samoa o , Amenan Samoa (US) - French Xb BolWv,a .Noe (NZ) Tonga Pc ysesra (Fr) P .uerto RKri S : .Its-Nead (US) St c le * aragoo .AoaMgua andBatSada -! ' .-t Montse-rt I UK) Argerrsa " / Guadelo.pe (Fr) Netlhesa,ds A,files N aDomn-ica tMat~,,ue(Fr) U (NethJ St. [Lcre a B abados Grenada, S
economies is not uniform for all indicators and gross domestic product (GDP). The Eckert IV probecause the variation around central tendencies jection has been used for these maps because it can be large, readers should exercise caution in maintains correct areas for all countries, though at comparing the summary measures for different the cost of some distortions in shape, distance, and indicators, groups, and years or periods. direction. The maps have been prepared exclu- The technical notes should be referred to in any sively for the convenience of the readers of this use of the data. These notes outline the methods, Report; the denominations used, and the boundconcepts, definitions, and data sources. The bibli- aries shown, do not imply on the part of the World ography gives details of the data sources, which Bank and its affiliates any judgment on the legal contain comprehensive definitions and descrip- status of any territory or any endorsement or tions of concepts used. acceptance of such boundaries. This year's edition includes four world maps. The World Development Indicators are prepared . The first map shows country names and the under the supervision of Ramesh Chander. groups in which economies have been placed. The maps on the following pages show population, life - expectancy at birth, and the share of agriculture in r -, eN _ ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ,. , ,; > iE , ;; X " ,' ;_, h ~~~~~~~~~NepalBhtn2 -. ' ' t. i' ,; ,;t t~~~~~~~Ron _ _~~~~.~r BangladeshP Chna A .Burma ' India Zong Kong (UK) .Maca Port .~~~~~~~~~~ -* * : .* ' , a'-',\t1,,, --. , .: !:,i Guam tUS) - F VoAa 6 D \ | 8 | j ; * ) T Tust Territory o the a Leo - Ethiop,a |S LanKa Pacioc Lslaods - G--;>lr '- - §W~~~ Son ala daldives - Togo- 1.1 3 "" ;' /'r-iba rirlat Equatorial Guiea Tome ad P,ioopeZae a Uai- Ji r sRep oMfthe Co ngo Seeychelles Solomon _' lands Tuvalu t S t , ~~~~~~~Comoros ~~..'~~ 1~ Maurilius e . .- * fa nar -, .e ¢ Vanuatu r n3 ,New Culedania P, (Fit S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~e .. Ca 215
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
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improving the availability of famil
Page 178 and 179: Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
Page 180 and 181: Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
Page 182 and 183: FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
Page 184 and 185: growth. Fertility has declined in t
Page 186 and 187: Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
Page 188 and 189: FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
Page 190 and 191: able several types of condoms, pill
Page 192 and 193: housing schemes to parents with onl
Page 194 and 195: and training, data collection and a
Page 196 and 197: 9 Ten years of experience Much that
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Page 200 and 201: Population data supplement The six
Page 202 and 203: Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
Page 204 and 205: 190 Births and total fertility =Ice
Page 206 and 207: Table 1. Population projections Rat
Page 208 and 209: Table 2. Population composition Low
Page 210 and 211: Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
Page 212 and 213: Table 5. Status of women Number enr
Page 214 and 215: Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
Page 216 and 217: Bibliographical note This Report ha
Page 218 and 219: Background papers Note: Source refe
Page 220 and 221: -1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
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Page 224 and 225: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 226 and 227: Key In each table, economies are li
Page 230 and 231: Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
Page 232 and 233: Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
Page 236 and 237: Table 3. Structure of production GD
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
Page 240 and 241: Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 244 and 245: Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
Page 258 and 259: Table 14. Balance of payments and r
Page 260 and 261: Table 15. Flow of public and public
Page 262 and 263: Table 16. External public debt and
Page 264 and 265: Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
Page 266 and 267: Table 18. Official development assi
Page 268 and 269: Table 19. Population growth and pro
Page 270 and 271: Table 20. Demographic and fertility
Page 272 and 273: Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
Page 274 and 275: Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
Page 276 and 277: Table 23. Indicators related to lif
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Table 24. Health-related indicators
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Table 25. Education Number Number e
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Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
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Table 27. Central government curren
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Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
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Technical notes This edition of the
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difficulties in assigning subsisten
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series in national currencies are a
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Public loans are external obligatio
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estimates, the total fertility rate
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expenditure and current revenue sho
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Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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