World Development Report 1984

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Key In each table, economies are listed in their Figures in the colored bands are Not available. group in ascending order of GNP per cap- summary measures for groups of ita except for those for wvhich no GNP per economies. The letter l after a (.) Less than half the unit shown. capita can be calculated. These are listed in summary measure indicates that it is All growth rates are in real terms. alphabetical order, in italics, at the end of a weighted average; the letter m, their group. The reference numbers below that it is a median value; Figures in italics are for years or periods reflect the order in the tables. the letter t, that it is a total. other than those specified. Afghanistan 29 Hong Kong 90 Paraguay 67 Albania 121 Hungary 119 Peru f40 Algeria 81 India 11 Philippines 50 Angola 68 Indonesia 43 Poland 125 Argentina 83 Iran, Islamic Republic of 93 Portugal 82 Australia 110 Iraq 94 Romania 120 Austria 105 Ireland 100 Rwanda 12 Bangladesh 2 Israel 89 Saudi Arabia 97 Belgium 107 Italy 102 Senegal 39 Benin 17 Ivory Coast 56 Sierra Leone 28 Bhutan 30 Jamaica 62 Singapore 91 Bolivia 42 Japan 106 Somalia 15 Brazil 79 Jordan 74 South Africa 85 Bulgaria 122 Kainpuchea, Democratic 31 Spain 101 Burma 6 Kenya 27 Sri Lanka 23 Burundi 13 Korea, Democratic Republic of 70 Sudan 35 Cameroon 54 Korea, Republic of 76 Sweden 116 Canada 111 Kuwait 98 Switzerland 118 Central African Republic 18 Lao People's Democratic Republic 32 Syrian Arab Republic 73 Chad 1 Lebanoni 71 Tanzania 14 Chile 78 Lesotho 41 Thailand 48 China 19 Liberia 38 Togo 24 Colombia 66 Libya 96 Trinidad and Tobago 92 Congo, People's Republic of the 58 Madagascar 22 Tunisia 65 Costa Rica 59 Malawi 8 Turkey 64 Cuba 69 Malaysia 75 Uganda 10 Czechoslovakia 123 Mali 5 Union of Soviet Socialist Denmark 114 Mauritania 36 Republics 126 Dominican Republic 61 Mexico 80 United Arab Emirates 99 Ecuador 63 Mongolia 72 United Kingdom 104 Egypt, Arab Republic of 46 Morocco 53 United States 115 El Salvador 47 Mozambique 33 Upper Volta 9 Ethiopia 3 Nepal 4 Uruguay 84 Finland 108 Netherlands 109 Venezuela 87 France 112 New Zealand 103 Viet Namt 34 German Democratic Republic 124 Nicaragua 55 Yemen Arab Republic 40 Germany, Federal Republic of 113 Niger 21 Yemen, People's Democratic Ghana 25 Nigeria 52 Republic of 37 Greece 88 Norway 117 Yugoslavia 86 Guatemala 57 Oman 95 Zaire 7 Guinea 20 Pakistan 26 Zambia 44 Haiti 16 Panama 77 Zimbabwe 51 Honduras 45 Papua New Guinea 49 212
Introduction The World Development Indicators, a by-product are in constant prices and were computed, unless of the World Bank's statistical and analytical work, noted otherwise, by using the least-squares provide information on the main features of social method. Because this method takes all observaand economic development. Most of the data col- tions in a period into account, the resulting growth lected by the World Bank are on its developing rates are not unduly influenced by exceptional valmember countries. Because comparable data for ues. Table entries in italics indicate that they are for industrial market economies are readily available, years or periods other than those specified. All these are also included in the indicators. Data for dollar figures are US dollars, derived by applying nonmarket economies, a few of which are mem- the official exchange rates, with the exception of bers of the World Bank, are included if available in the GNP per capita figures, which are derived by a comparable form. applying the World Bank Atlas method described Every effort has been made to standardize con- in the technical note to Table 1. Conversion of cepts, definitions, coverage, timing, and other national currency values in this manner results in characteristics of the basic data to ensure the great- some inevitable distortions; the technical note to est possible degree of comparability. Nevertheless, Table 1 also discusses this problem. care must be taken in how the indicators are inter- Some of the differences between figures shown preted. Although the statistics are drawn from in this year's and last year's editions reflect not sources generally considered the most authorita- only updating but also revisions to historical tive and reliable, many of them are subject to con- series. siderable margins of error. In addition, variations The economies included in the World Developin national statistical practices mean that most data ment Indicators are classified by GNP per capita. are not strictly comparable. The data should thus This classification is useful in distinguishing econbe construed only as indicating trends and charac- omies at different stages of development. Many of terizing major differences among economies. the economies included are also classified by domi-' The indicators in Table 1 give a summary profile nant characteristics-to distinguish oil importers of the economies. The data in the other tables fall from oil exporters and to distinguish industrial into the following broad areas: national accounts, market from industrial nonmarket economies. The agriculture, industry, energy, external trade, exter- groups used in the tables are 34 low-income develnal debt, aid flows, other external transactions, oping economies with a GNP per capita of less demography, labor force, urbanization, social indi- than $410 in 1982, 60 middle-income developing cators, central 'government finances, and income economies with a GNP per capita of $410 or more, distribution. The table on central government 5 high-income oil exporters, 19 industrial market expenditure is an expanded version of an earlier economies, and 8 East European nonmarket econtable, and is complemented by a new table on cen- omies. Note that because of the paucity of data and tral government current revenue. differences in the method of computing national Most of the information used in computing the income, estimates of GNP per capita are available indicators was drawn from the data files and publi- only for those nonmarket economies that are memcations of the World Bank, the International Mone- bers of the World Bank. tary Fund, and the United Nations and its special- The format of this edition generally follows that ized agencies. used in previous years. An important difference, For ease of reference, ratios and rates of growth however, is that economies for which no GNP per are shown; absolute values are reported only in a capita figure can be calculated are listed in italics, few instances. Most growth rates were calculated in alphabetical order, at the end of the appropriate for two periods: 1960-70 and 1970-82, or 1970-81 if income groups. All other economies are listed by data for 1982 were not available. All growth rates group in ascending order of GNP per capita. The 213
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
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Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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medical examination was not always
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measuring social acceptability, or
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Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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costs per user. Public cost per use
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sanguine, however, as soon as one t
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TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
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Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
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FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
Page 176 and 177: improving the availability of famil
Page 178 and 179: Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
Page 180 and 181: Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
Page 182 and 183: FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
Page 184 and 185: growth. Fertility has declined in t
Page 186 and 187: Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
Page 188 and 189: FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
Page 190 and 191: able several types of condoms, pill
Page 192 and 193: housing schemes to parents with onl
Page 194 and 195: and training, data collection and a
Page 196 and 197: 9 Ten years of experience Much that
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Page 200 and 201: Population data supplement The six
Page 202 and 203: Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
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Page 206 and 207: Table 1. Population projections Rat
Page 208 and 209: Table 2. Population composition Low
Page 210 and 211: Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
Page 212 and 213: Table 5. Status of women Number enr
Page 214 and 215: Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
Page 216 and 217: Bibliographical note This Report ha
Page 218 and 219: Background papers Note: Source refe
Page 220 and 221: -1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
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Page 224 and 225: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 228 and 229: same order is used in all tables. T
Page 230 and 231: Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
Page 232 and 233: Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
Page 236 and 237: Table 3. Structure of production GD
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
Page 240 and 241: Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 244 and 245: Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
Page 258 and 259: Table 14. Balance of payments and r
Page 260 and 261: Table 15. Flow of public and public
Page 262 and 263: Table 16. External public debt and
Page 264 and 265: Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
Page 266 and 267: Table 18. Official development assi
Page 268 and 269: Table 19. Population growth and pro
Page 270 and 271: Table 20. Demographic and fertility
Page 272 and 273: Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
Page 274 and 275: Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
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Table 23. Indicators related to lif
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Table 24. Health-related indicators
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Table 25. Education Number Number e
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Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
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Table 27. Central government curren
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Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
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Technical notes This edition of the
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difficulties in assigning subsisten
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series in national currencies are a
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Public loans are external obligatio
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estimates, the total fertility rate
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expenditure and current revenue sho
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Bibliography of data sources Nation
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