World Development Report 1984

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Table 2. Population composition Lows-incomne economies Index nutmbers for relative sizes of age grouips (size of age group in 1980= I00) Dependency ratio Aged 65 (percent) Aged 0- 14 Aged 75-64 and over 1960 1980 2000 1960 2000 1960 2000 1960 2000 1. Chad 76 78 87 64 151 71 171 66 178 2. Bangladesh 90 83 86 63 159 58 191 74 184 3. Ethiopia 87 93 95 63 167 66 198 64 209 4. Nepal 74 85 85 59 147 68 178 75 205 5. Mali 86 100 99 56 158 64 186 57 196 6. Burma 69 82 71 61 137 70 173 47 188 7. Zaire 89 93 99 61 170 62 207 67 222 8. Malawi 92 96 108 56 191 59 200 35 134 9. Upper Volta 84 96 95 65 147 70 173 69 183 10. Uganda 86 102 104 55 172 60 215 53 208 11. India 84 78 60 64 116 61 162 97 204 12. Rwanda 89 94 114 55 208 56 203 56 223 13. Burundi 83 89 96 69 164 73 191 67 200 14. Tanzania 84 99 100 51 178 59 212 55 212 15. Somalia 87 88 87 58 158 57 164 58 187 16. Haiti 81 89 63 68 123 75 160 81 157 17. Benin 87 99 102 57 188 62 194 55 201 18. Central African Rep. 73 83 95 66 164 74 179 63 189 19. China 78 68 41 82 75 64 141 64 203 20. Guinea 81 89 86 68 145 73 170 69 157 21. Niger 90 92 101 50 182 54 196 54 211 22. Madagascar 81 96 98 60 170 65 196 61 202 23. Sri Lanka 84 70 56 78 117 61 155 58 200 24. Togo 87 98 101 55 169 61 207 57 215 25. Ghana 89 101 106 56 188 62 230 57 238 26. Pakistan 93 89 82 53 146 57 191 87 178 27. Kenva 101 117 120 47 231 51 245 53 229 28. Sierra Leone 82 82 86 66 146 73 172 71 175 29. Afghanistan 82 89 82 58 143 66 175 81 183 30. Bhutan 79 77 77 74 135 77 167 80 170 31. Kampuchea, Dem. 89 55 71 . . . .. 32. Lao PDR 77 98 91 60 135 77 194 63 215 33. Mozanbiqiuze 78 90 100 50 179 58 207 51 217 34. Viet Nam . 87 68 .. 133 .. 185 .. 175 Nliddle-income economies I o% er-middle income 35. Sudan 88 91 93 58 1 64 59 191 65 207 36. Mauritania 87 88 99 61 161 67 172 62 183 37. Yemen, PDR 91 95 98 63 151 67 207 74 237 38. Liberia 92 81 102 52 180 53 214 54 260 39. Senegal 84 90 93 59 175 63 188 66 207 40. Yemen Arab Rep. 84 96 97 55 147 63 200 60 212 41. Lesotho 76 83 92 61 161 67 182 68 185 42. Bolivia 83 88 74 59 140 64 179 65 187 43. Indonesia 78 82 60 66 124 64 157 65 199 44. Zambia 90 103 102 54 194 59 207 54 214 45. Honduras 91 102 80 50 152 56 210 42 226 46. Egypt, Arab Rep. 83 76 62 65 120 59 166 54 202 47. El Salvador 92 95 71 53 132 54 198 52 222 48. Thailand 90 77 55 62 107 55 172 51 207 49. Papua New Guinea 77 90 67 62 134 67 166 57 177 50. Philippines 91 82 58 57 117 56 179 56 180 51. Zimbabwe 93 113 121 50 207 54 261 56 278 52. Nigeria . 99 103 58 177 64 219 59 240 53. Morocco 90 96 72 59 133 63 187 49 185 54. Cameroon 75 91 106 58 174 65 216 57 194 55. Nicaragua .. 99 78 53 145 53 215 56 222 56. Ivory Coast 86 87 94 41 186 42 218 55 339 57. Guatemnala 96 88 69 58 141 52 185 49 222 58. Congo People's Rep. 79 95 108 54 200 63 210 59 230 59. Costa Rica 102 73 55 69 117 48 173 46 228 60. Peru 92 85 65 60 133 56 172 72 175 61. Dominican Rep. 103 88 61 59 120 53 182 61 206 62. Jamaica 85 87 62 77 101 76 155 54 137 63. Ecuador 92 92 70 58 137 58 193 60 190 64. Turkey 81 76 61 65 113 61 167 49 195 65. Tunisia 91 82 67 69 115 63 183 75 224 66. Colombia 99 75 57 78 115 51 159 54 213 194
Index numbers for relative sizes of age groups (size of age group in 1980=100) Dependency ratio Aged 65 (percent) Aged 0-14 Aged 15-64 and over 1960 1980 2000 1960 2000 1960 2000 1960 2000 67. Paraguay 97 86 59 62 126 58 180 59 191 68. Angola 80 89 91 60 160 67 185 59 200 69. Cuba 64 63 49 76 94 73 133 50 151 70. Korea Dern. Rep. 89 78 59 64 122 56 170 54 191 71. Lebanon 87 84 62 71 102 67 143 83 149 72. Monigolia 84 86 66 54 115 57 197 70 224 Lipper-middle-income 73. Syrian Arab Rep. 93 102 82 48 162 55 233 53 180 -74. Jordan 94 III 100 55 172 59 246 89 260 75. Malaysia 95 74 55 65 105 55 176 63 205 76. Korea, Rep. of 86 60 49 82 103 57 144 56 206 77. Panama 93 79 54 64 109 57 169 60 191 -78. Chile 77 61 50 82 103 62 143 55 189 79. Brazil 86 72 58 63 123 58 165 46 212 80. Mexico 96 93 63 54 123 53 186 52 187 81. Algeria 91 104 104 53 178 62 237 63 184 82. Portugal 59 57 54 99 101 90 116 72 126 83. Argentina 57 62 58 81 109 74 132 48 181 84. Uruguay 56 59 58 91 101 89 116 66 150 85. South Africa 81 75 83 61 179 60 184 62 197 86. Yugoslavia 58 52 50 102 101 78 113 59 155 87. Venezuela 95 82 60 53 135 45 188 39 247 88. Greece 53 57 57 100 102 88 108 56 127 89. Israel 69 72 53 59 116 55 151 32 148 90. Hong Kong 78 46 48 88 120 52 133 27 200 91. Singapore 83 45 42 101 102 56 127 31 191 92. Trinidad and Tobago 89 65 59 101 112 67 150 66 225 93. Iran, Islamic Rep. 96 91 81 52 141 52 216 71 190 94. Irail 94 97 89 51 160 52 224 51 256 High-irncme oil exporter~ 95. Oman . 87 70 49 154 54 202 50 214 96. Libya 90 96 94 42 193 47 265 80 336 97. Saudi Arabia 85 86 92 42 180 46 233 41 239 98. Kuwait 59 79 55 16 168 26 227 34 506 99. United Arab Emirates .. 45 58 .. 183 . 241 .. 200 InduWtiai market economies 100. Ireland 73 70 55 84 105 83 136 85 ill 101. Spain 55 58 55 85 101 83 116 63 138 102. Italy 52 55 52 100 95 91 103 64 118 103. New Zealand 71 58 49 89 96 70 118 72 124 104. United Kingdom 54 56 53 103 100 95 101 75 108 105. Austria 52 56 50 99 96 96 104 74 97 106. Japan 56 48 48 103 90 76 109 54 174 107. Belgium 55 53 51 106 98 92 102 80 i11 108. Finland 60 52 46 137 97 85 102 58 121 109. Netherlands 64 51 46 108 96 75 109 65 123 110. Australia 63 54 50 82 106 67 125 65 150 I'l. Canada 70 46 46 105 110 66 121 63 153 112. France 61 55 52 100 99 82 110 74 111 113. Germany, Fed. Rep. 47 51 49 101 95 92 98 66 104 114. Denmark 56 55 48 107 94 89 104 68 104 1 Y5. United States 67 51 48 108 105 72 116 68 125 116. Sweden 51 56 53 100 97 92 104 68 103 117. Norway 59 58 51 101 96 87 108 68 103 118. Switzerland 51 49 55 99 94 84 101 64 113 East European nonmarket economies 119. Hungary 52 55 52 ill 97 93 102 64 116 120. Romania 57 59 55 93 100 83 115 58 145 121. Albaniia 86 73 52 64 110 55 164 62 177 122. llulgaria 51 52 56 105 99 89 103 57 141 123. Czechoslovakia 56 58 52 103 99 90 113 62 112 124. Gennan Deni. Rep. 53 54 51 109 101 105 106 88 94 125. Poland 65 52 51 115 104 76 116 49 141 126. USSR 60 52 52 100 105 77 114 58 147 Not available. 195
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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food they need. Although the amount
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is so scarce, they can do so only o
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from rural to urban areas mainly re
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other developing countries suggests
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emigration by providing information
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Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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6 Slowing population growth Experie
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feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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the education of mothers increases
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etter education and health services
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TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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effectiveness of existing laws, ins
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in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
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FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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few births; to encourage spacing, T
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Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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Box"7.1 Family planning for health
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FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
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132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
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TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
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may be delaying a first pregnancy,
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family planning and maternal and ch
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clients may develop can be promptly
Page 158 and 159: Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
Page 160 and 161: medical examination was not always
Page 162 and 163: measuring social acceptability, or
Page 164 and 165: Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
Page 166 and 167: costs per user. Public cost per use
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Page 170 and 171: TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
Page 172 and 173: Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
Page 174 and 175: FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
Page 176 and 177: improving the availability of famil
Page 178 and 179: Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
Page 180 and 181: Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
Page 182 and 183: FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
Page 184 and 185: growth. Fertility has declined in t
Page 186 and 187: Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
Page 188 and 189: FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
Page 190 and 191: able several types of condoms, pill
Page 192 and 193: housing schemes to parents with onl
Page 194 and 195: and training, data collection and a
Page 196 and 197: 9 Ten years of experience Much that
Page 198 and 199: ecause few effective methods are of
Page 200 and 201: Population data supplement The six
Page 202 and 203: Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
Page 204 and 205: 190 Births and total fertility =Ice
Page 206 and 207: Table 1. Population projections Rat
Page 210 and 211: Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
Page 212 and 213: Table 5. Status of women Number enr
Page 214 and 215: Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
Page 216 and 217: Bibliographical note This Report ha
Page 218 and 219: Background papers Note: Source refe
Page 220 and 221: -1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
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Page 224 and 225: Table 10. Structure of merchandise
Page 226 and 227: Key In each table, economies are li
Page 228 and 229: same order is used in all tables. T
Page 230 and 231: Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
Page 232 and 233: Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
Page 236 and 237: Table 3. Structure of production GD
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
Page 240 and 241: Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
Page 242 and 243: Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
Page 244 and 245: Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
Page 246 and 247: Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
Page 248 and 249: Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
Page 254 and 255: Table 12. Origin and destination of
Page 256 and 257: Table 13. Origin and destination of
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Table 14. Balance of payments and r
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Table 15. Flow of public and public
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Table 16. External public debt and
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Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
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Table 18. Official development assi
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Table 19. Population growth and pro
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Table 20. Demographic and fertility
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Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
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Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
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Table 23. Indicators related to lif
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Table 24. Health-related indicators
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Table 25. Education Number Number e
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Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
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Table 27. Central government curren
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Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
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Technical notes This edition of the
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difficulties in assigning subsisten
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series in national currencies are a
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Public loans are external obligatio
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estimates, the total fertility rate
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expenditure and current revenue sho
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Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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