World Development Report 1984

their overall development strategy. Population FIGURE 8.8
assistance now amounts to nearly $500 million a External assistance for population programs in
year, equal to about 1.9 percent of OECD aid and developing countries
about 1.5 percent of OPEC aid. At its peak, the Dollars per capita
population assistance share of aid was consider- Current dollars (1982 constant prices)
500 0. 20
ably larger-2.2 percent of OECD aid.
Since Sweden's first population grant in 1968,
donors have transferred more than $7 billion in 400
population aid (in 1982 prices). In terms of per capita
receipts in the developing countries, assistance
for population programs was lower in 1981 (the 300 / \
latest year for which complete data are available) nstantdollars
- than in 1974, the year of the World Population (per capita)
Conference in Bucharest (see Figure 8.8). The 200
United States remains the biggest supporter of dollars
population programs-its government, along with (millions)
private American foundations, provides about 40 100 0.I
percent of all aid for population. But its contribu- 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981
tion has been falling in real terms since 1972. Japan
is the second largest donor. Japan and other Source. UNFPA, 1983.
donors, including Canada, the Federal Republic of
Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden,
have increased their share of the total. All gave $10
million or more in population assistance in 1982.
The main role of donors has been to provide sup- vide a local base for social and economic research
plies and training for family planning and related as well as for contraceptive research.
health programs; about two-thirds of population Donor assistance is provided both directly to
aid is devoted to family planning and related country programs and through multilateral and
maternal and child-health programs. Donors also nongovernmental organizations. The two largest
support basic data collection, operations and social organizations are:
and economic research, information and education * The United Nations Fund for Population Activities
activities, and policy and institutional develop- (UNFPA). More than 130 countries contribute to its
ment. In Asia and the Middle East, over 80 percent annual budget of about $140 million. About 100
of assistance goes toward family planning services, developing countries have requested and received
in Latin America and Africa about 60 percent. In UNFPA assistance. To guide its programming,
sub-Saharan Africa, almost a fifth of assistance is UNFPA has assessed the needs of more than sevused
to finance data collection; as Table 8.1 enty countries. It receives requests for assistance
showed, data development is often an early step in that far exceed the money it has available.
heightening consciousness about population * Thle International Planned Parenthood Federation
-issues. As shown in Chapter 7, program develop- (IPPF). A nongovernmental body of more than one
ment is often constrained by limited training, the hundred national family planning associations,
-absence of local institutions, and poor demo- IPPF had a 1983 program budget of $90 million,
graphic information. Development of local capabil- over half of which came as contributions from
ity must continue to be a priority for donors. OECD countries. About one-third of its budget
- About $150 million is spent by donor govern- support is raised by member associations in their
ments for research on reproductive biology and own countries. Countries receiving its largest
contraceptive technology; such research contrib- grants in recent years are Brazil, Colombia, India,
utes to methods that can be adopted in developing Mexico, and Korea.
countries as well. Developing countries could ben- About one-quarter of the population aid from
efit from larger sums spent on research and prod- the US government is administered through more
uct development. Support by donors is critical than twenty nongovernmental organizations in
since spending by the private sector in developed the United States, particularly universities and
countries has fallen (see Box 7.2). Donor support research institutions. They cooperate with organicould
hasten development of institutions to pro- zations in developing countries in service delivery
179