World Development Report 1984
World Development Report 1984
World Development Report 1984
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their overall development strategy. Population FIGURE 8.8<br />
assistance now amounts to nearly $500 million a External assistance for population programs in<br />
year, equal to about 1.9 percent of OECD aid and developing countries<br />
about 1.5 percent of OPEC aid. At its peak, the Dollars per capita<br />
population assistance share of aid was consider- Current dollars (1982 constant prices)<br />
500 0. 20<br />
ably larger-2.2 percent of OECD aid.<br />
Since Sweden's first population grant in 1968,<br />
donors have transferred more than $7 billion in 400<br />
population aid (in 1982 prices). In terms of per capita<br />
receipts in the developing countries, assistance<br />
for population programs was lower in 1981 (the 300 / \<br />
latest year for which complete data are available) nstantdollars<br />
- than in 1974, the year of the <strong>World</strong> Population (per capita)<br />
Conference in Bucharest (see Figure 8.8). The 200<br />
United States remains the biggest supporter of dollars<br />
population programs-its government, along with (millions)<br />
private American foundations, provides about 40 100 0.I<br />
percent of all aid for population. But its contribu- 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981<br />
tion has been falling in real terms since 1972. Japan<br />
is the second largest donor. Japan and other Source. UNFPA, 1983.<br />
donors, including Canada, the Federal Republic of<br />
Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden,<br />
have increased their share of the total. All gave $10<br />
million or more in population assistance in 1982.<br />
The main role of donors has been to provide sup- vide a local base for social and economic research<br />
plies and training for family planning and related as well as for contraceptive research.<br />
health programs; about two-thirds of population Donor assistance is provided both directly to<br />
aid is devoted to family planning and related country programs and through multilateral and<br />
maternal and child-health programs. Donors also nongovernmental organizations. The two largest<br />
support basic data collection, operations and social organizations are:<br />
and economic research, information and education * The United Nations Fund for Population Activities<br />
activities, and policy and institutional develop- (UNFPA). More than 130 countries contribute to its<br />
ment. In Asia and the Middle East, over 80 percent annual budget of about $140 million. About 100<br />
of assistance goes toward family planning services, developing countries have requested and received<br />
in Latin America and Africa about 60 percent. In UNFPA assistance. To guide its programming,<br />
sub-Saharan Africa, almost a fifth of assistance is UNFPA has assessed the needs of more than sevused<br />
to finance data collection; as Table 8.1 enty countries. It receives requests for assistance<br />
showed, data development is often an early step in that far exceed the money it has available.<br />
heightening consciousness about population * Thle International Planned Parenthood Federation<br />
-issues. As shown in Chapter 7, program develop- (IPPF). A nongovernmental body of more than one<br />
ment is often constrained by limited training, the hundred national family planning associations,<br />
-absence of local institutions, and poor demo- IPPF had a 1983 program budget of $90 million,<br />
graphic information. <strong>Development</strong> of local capabil- over half of which came as contributions from<br />
ity must continue to be a priority for donors. OECD countries. About one-third of its budget<br />
- About $150 million is spent by donor govern- support is raised by member associations in their<br />
ments for research on reproductive biology and own countries. Countries receiving its largest<br />
contraceptive technology; such research contrib- grants in recent years are Brazil, Colombia, India,<br />
utes to methods that can be adopted in developing Mexico, and Korea.<br />
countries as well. Developing countries could ben- About one-quarter of the population aid from<br />
efit from larger sums spent on research and prod- the US government is administered through more<br />
uct development. Support by donors is critical than twenty nongovernmental organizations in<br />
since spending by the private sector in developed the United States, particularly universities and<br />
countries has fallen (see Box 7.2). Donor support research institutions. They cooperate with organicould<br />
hasten development of institutions to pro- zations in developing countries in service delivery<br />
179