World Development Report 1984

has come more slowly. Low literacy (particularly Government family planning programs began in
among women) and high infant mortality help to 1964 in Tunisia, in 1965 in Egypt and Turkey, and
explain high fertility. Also responsible are cultural, in 1966 in Morocco. According to recent surveys,
religious, and legal pressures that confine women 24 percent of married women of childbearing age
to the home and restrict their property rights, in Egypt, 38 percent in Turkey, and 41 percent in
rights within marriage, and ability to seek work Tunisia are practicing contraception. Later maroutside
the home. riage has also contributed to fertility decline. The
Three countries in Figure 8.2-Egypt, Tunisia, change has been most dramatic in Tunisia, where
-and Turkey-have had a marked fall in fertility in the proportion of women aged fifteen to nineteen
the past decade; in all three, fertility is now below who are married fell from 42 percent in 1956 to 6
what would be expected for their income levels. In percent in 1975. In Egypt the proportion fell from
Morocco, fertility has declined more modestly. 32 percent in 1960-61 to 21 percent fifteen years
*Unlike most other countries in the region, these later; in Turkey, the decline was from 33 percent to
four have policies to reduce population growth. 22 percent.
Box 8.6 Teenage pregnancy
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