World Development Report 1984
World Development Report 1984
World Development Report 1984
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Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how many people?<br />
A.rr,a .- lien porrra. ct1 a- an urndtrp -p<br />
utait,d rE.o,n t , .r, crt. 'I I un-<br />
rapp,.d Lind it i iru., that i a. :r eraic<br />
p 'pularlln dtn,ir Is .-,i-es; it -n e,r,e<br />
i,Ltl i A ;3a s Bujt .: n-!d rinc lhc rud-<br />
meniar% larnlinl prictiCr in ni-ir " -<br />
A.Irw , *.,niE .. ni n tie tr.. .br. .-... :-min, A * -<br />
di- d:d at 1 ma,i in th, -rnfe .I hInm,id - i L i<br />
tc-cod pr,.ducti pcritnnal Thi' ,- on.: _<br />
'he ,ain ti,nJine; .7i the FAO . ee:unitk<br />
j ...npleied p .,ted Land R-vuurce nortA.,.. I *l ,<br />
II F-iur T, (;... -, -<br />
in rii-~~ ~~~ r& ~ . *<br />
nh -, pr.,l.J t.-: al I nr.l t: r-: n- B u I_ t h. h i<br />
n; rndrd t--'anp-ductn r i all -.nhri: annul Fut rh. btnough' -;e .-t her<br />
__<br />
;,i .u'..- T~i' - i<br />
A<br />
Aw.c:< R'r<br />
d~.i.r n;ar,nd it niu-u :ener.:lt en'%u:h l..i.i S r " 'rn-lB ,_--_. -* -<br />
1i mnp. r1i 1. td ' hrt ih~ pt". -- tl<br />
Ratio t population .<br />
supporting apactv r r: o<br />
ii.i"<br />
r.,<br />
R i<br />
.ririnuine lJ,-nd1 p.. rn crlidr ao,d r actual population .<br />
-:t-r;.<br />
r,-inc matn,jinrii-n I :. -r man. Atri,can<br />
uriri.. ,,unfl-. crict,it:il,r,1 -l p .r', -ar-<br />
, r;l,k.-t: i:. pr.,- a.t *aJ . sb-r-ri............ irn<br />
* -. r. 't-I i- lr-n,n. er....c....an, .x<br />
deniit I 4l-'rT<br />
Ltx;thar 1 .i<br />
t I ii-5 ft<br />
~'<br />
*t Ar..j.Ii j<br />
L- F' 0 ,A tll,<br />
.>. .r IJ r ,<br />
Th- F;v.- : - -rnpnrtd pLiphilda. - 1 aInd at" e ur.. J 6 M<br />
rin.-pp-r.-nc -F-i sne--derernined ic<br />
Data r3i' a ait3ble |<br />
. X,1 rid cin,-.r ...- -':r** nlii:- . n I.I; 1<br />
irr'dm rchn,A-l-v%e - to aciu d indl Fr.:.-<br />
e Clei p...pulai.. r.- .n c . -i --<br />
AXlir a' a i-.h.'le .:."niirm rh, irar..<br />
1,ur.ii , ,d. nrr. ien at 51.: larm. iub:<br />
rlc,n t.-. ijraI- ln.. u;- , 1 terll.A'r -.r<br />
p.> .lOde; rdricni. l .er.i ..ir:.-ri,: 5 and<br />
in the region, but periodic sample surveys have child. The principal aim is to protect the health of<br />
generally not been institutionalized. children and maximize the number who survive.<br />
In the long run, social development-especially Throughout Africa, there is potential demand for<br />
the education of women-is essential to reduce contraception to space births in both urban and<br />
desired family size. More and better schooling for rural areas. But spacing practices appear to be<br />
women will help to lower infant mortality, reduc- declining most rapidly in urban areas-where<br />
ing the uncertainty about child survival which desired family size is likely to fall first. In Senegal,<br />
keeps family size high. An all-out attack on infant for example, both breastfeeding and postpartum<br />
and child mortality and on infertility is imperative; amenorrhea are six months shorter in the capital -<br />
as long as fate seems to govern family size, prona- city of Dakar than in rural areas. In Lagos, Nigeria,<br />
talist norms will be reinforced and individual traditional childspacing practices are in decline and<br />
choice discouraged. intervals between births are shortening. Unless<br />
In the short run, family planning services could contraception becomes a more readily available<br />
do more on two fronts, even in the face of rela- substitute, total fertility may increase and the<br />
tively little unsatisfied demand for birth control: health of mothers and children may worsen.<br />
* Childspacing. Extended breastfeeding and sex- Programs in Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zaire have<br />
ual abstinence have long been practiced in Africa recently been set up to promote contraception for<br />
to guarantee two to three years between each childspacing. In Zimbabwe, the Child Spacing and<br />
164