World Development Report 1984

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Box 7.6 The impact of service quality: NIatlab Thana, Bangladesh r&13rl3b Thana 1-an adntin;;ri'.rt't di ' Comparison of the cumulatsse conba.epti'e acceplance and user rates in the fir- 18-24 ;9-.r. -t 'N' 11(ik r'pIl 1i rtr3l areai .. t months. torehe sample household Contraceptise Distribution Project tCDPa and the danxldL-h In p',:pularw.n der-ni, -^ Famili Planning-Health Serices Project IFPHSPi 1 1HI i pcKjl, per atuare mile Tran;P. r1 "dirt.ici-mi-il b , b.ai-ar..i ..,,m- Pr . -'a g. . .-. ! rni. r. -. nr . r-n,:i r n1 . 1;,I-...n .- Air 1. F,hin- 3and tarmine arc thr 4l, ' mnn,aiin aD'FHi Bl: 1.r r. 1'-- and l'"Al thf Inierna. 1.:*jr*' - IL,; rw.nal '.Zenrrr tl:'r l),rii 4 ih 'cl ['ler.l -................. PJr,-ar.:h B-ngl:dc-h .-.ndu,red r,,- *-rirr.nIn F ir. Nl.,ilaI' Thana 1.. nIca-ur. Ih -tit:' 1 I; l ahi ah' lii .1;.v. quilj .-,I larr.ilk r'latinn'R 'ter'c.; and h,, d /W I j en c..r.ir.lcIept'. U; .tU h'rt 1"'>; tamil;. !,I I' plArIr.PLz . r'.
ni nth' into tht prc:-rani IertdIit had i4,;.:d .-nce a t-ratnighi rt>3rdle;. in u4t in timelI c,.fnditionf t, pical uI rural de.,InEd tb, 11 Io 1- per:ent but thb i* hether couFplt . rt usi,., critracep- Bangladt,h But it mn3a be h.ird t. repli- ent-i hI-red oni .n ne %ar Tht proi.Ot; t-. S ,ide ttrct *trt n3ar.aged c.ite Sn a lareer caIe be,ause the FPHSFP lin,i-d rpT..i .1 ' AutiriL uted t- F-' r r-r-.uh rea44urancr.: Irequent rieib.-d- -a' abIl I.- dra. in n tra re-ucuree4 ninal-inrnt .t id. ttr.crt4 rnadru.vrte -d0:hini an. rned1Lal relkrT 1I -r tr.,,t- una.iflal,bi,. Ic th national lamil" plan Ir3,rmin .-.I rjlf ,riient irt.nr, nmi n L in..n also .:rlkr- ai, red a'pirir. i Ia fminr prcrgram F,.r -anmpkl athc.u4h pr-.. idd t Jit-ni' tht n.rr-c.. ranre ci rran- arnd r.-n tablo: th..reb. gaining tield..orker- in tht proicct recei,e sala- .-nIra: pii-. e ni.,h-ic -h(h d,-c-ur. .as- io hou,eh'ld- that hid prt . sul., rie- e ule3kni t .: ,:-rkr in tht nralirnal i'gd rieihid,d ;i rtchin gi and t,-:i littlr rci,-cted t3mil planning pre..rnm thtir 4up.rr%-.-r; .alar, are -uptrs r.i. n In riF tin-u Ihrhe nmionrh§ .n.rtratieF tii much hicher Th, prtlect akl- u-cd ;th Ti,. r,i.; .. , r Ll.- Ll. i- ir. rh. pr ier:t ara r.>.. urn, . L. '1 ;p....dbo:at I. nic.t 4upe.r r-or- and f r FP,i In l-' O .:.n ;n-br .p-rcrnr Unlik, rht Itr.nd irn rh, CR' re .tar:h ;rall round rh, art3 And mrn Lprmnl, ni ai... t-frtd houh.-.. . h.- .-. :.. er the rire c,_.ntirw-d t. cI,nrC a2eni,:nt ..,. dlec,nlraliztd 1- an e'rtnl d,-ir,bi*u,n ot -.-nrrac;pri.- r but %xnh *I. . n -4 p-rc.:ni L. nirtnua,-.n rart rarel, tourd in nil. nal pri- T an;- The much bktr r -uii. -.t *,-..- e- nl.;' I ,i rn drarrai-AlII .n,pr. ..d .ltr,nr air Mr3anirl l rnd *rgani ni-n3l -ru.-tur. IL* rlii... ..rk.. r er.- rrt.1.rIod I,rI 1 pr.:,ni -r liI .n I. rht mar . in .h.. thai cura.ni- 1.- .UP- sUrti'- .p- r .an rr-rr-ri r-n 3 ii w-.kt pro r-ri:a I-F'rt-i-' hid 3c.-:ptd -..ntrac:,pt,,..n and . - .r. %- rl er a ctunta*ilit, ;.cntinu. t,ainn .n nd .. Ir,.. in-rirr.-.nnnv ZI prr:..nt ci lh-.. ..m,n. %. c:re -,nntnrr II. rraininc tg-d raccrdl-ping mdni 'i: . ni ; Th . r., lit.rite niarried ng t.o ai... n- i- n. chart) 1[.ur,n; the tirli c-ntinu u; iedJback t--. .-.:rker4 sh.uld ,ilh htl.ir.i had sitr -......p....i.ri- -rr.. Iprr r %-r! trt,lit.. d,:clin-d h'2 7 t al n.ch ot the .-rd,i for ih. pr.ie:t s vr- and .:.amr- r. m r"Fr-o-l tamilite r. ': p..rsert cmpared th: iIII; i. - - EIhut . t, -Ir- n, p--r I liii I p-ple- ;.d1 i.. [r:iet ar.. .Nttr a thri-..r Ihr go..rnmevl .I Li BangiadEh and r-c.i-.r .id rc h1ni- .l up.. r i^n ind meidi- i'.t.;, 3t4 p, knt -..nrac.qpuiie u-e the tnr.rnati.ral n1 f ire ar n... -t *- 1'~kp it-,ul n. rur cdna-:C 4iarl,d L, tan r r:. arid nr..-r,tnd, .t 41 per- -mb.n.mri .:n an -renvrn proFect rt. ; 1 aiii1-d . nr- p ;rnedrcs and .idmini -.. r el r-:i.., C'.i l .d- .i' rn n,rh- rrar.-tr -..rr-- .1 thc nmanage mrint tech- i-trr.;a .tlF-,. n Ir... ..... r,-rn m .m n; lrnr..r .d- I h-I inIatl [p...I.. l t ... raNri nz.u.. nhM. .t u-. Nlaui.,b pr.lect gk vernhr aith -*,-r.mz -r,i ..i... n ~toir ailn-.r lialt -t nt r rnpriine m. nt heMlth .nd; tniii0 plannin*. rk- 1-b. FFH t-1 pr id.d . mIprt'hn ;. .. I. i- Ir th. r.e,t .t rhr.: ..-umrr. n 1iH.3 r .r -r. ; v rraI rhan.- in n4. rih B.. nr;iI and *r I. eS i rr th, spe:1l3 n-ed; Ci -air nr i; - d-rn nr:rhold; un ?i-.r .nl% 14 p.r- n. mea3 ure ih, rmpa.t -t the.-r hangt j r,nu an.id 4r-pn-ii. .Ilct rhcn mrh d - -r.pri.:. ..r ot reanu u r,I r -. trrriliti n-I'rr., arw ind :oritracaPri ,.ti,-rcd ,rcludd nrii .nl phill and c. r. . ad n i r. h dra3n:-n th,rap. ha-... ue. Th, Frt-lt .. Ill rnake nl.n}nial din- m-t i. an, ra.ler- and r. tt en dd. .dr,d I- th. \sti ,n rie. .sha: r- ng.r n rhn-rinh pr-gr;r;n iriu:- Ir add.m.in -.-n.n . rtr: rterr.-. r loc en- -... - pack 1g- *. ire 3pF..r,,nil , nt . t urt u nd thandth .r bI 1 - nb - .p-:rcal iipurs icr. -. lift St-. ;ri- EL' ir -s ti--n ... r i -. nr..ed r hlt r han r ir tranin. r r inn,cn.- ind n- - -UtrI rts.ul-in ild b. pr-ur p.i:e % n 3. en,. Vuildinis and - arcI Itlrnc. and ..l h,r, their hu-band; -.... hi ' TILh FPHP 1i' . b-,i ,-r-.inre NII h-..-, hld-. ih. ld.rt-.. in -icr-i4in.. c.ntr-.- and female sterilization and IUDs can be made short supply or that cannot be offered by the offimore readily available through mobile facilities cial program. Finally, governments can sponsor (such as sterilization vans in Thailand) or periodic local research on the effectiveness, side effects, "camps" (such as vasectomy and tubectomy and acceptability of methods that might be intro- -camps in India and IUD "safaris" in Indonesia). duced into the national program. Careful attention must be paid to providing followup services in the case of complications, however. INFORMED CHOICE. Although family planning Paramedical workers can be trained to provide the workers may know more about the advantages IUD and injectable contraceptives in clinics and and disadvantages of each method, clients are best even in homes. Referral procedures can be equipped to choose what suits them-provided strengthened so that clients are informed about all they have information on effectiveness, side methods available from public, private, and com- effects, reversibility, and proper use. In the early mercial sources. Private suppliers can be encour- stages of the Indian and Pakistani programs, the aged to offer contraceptive methods that are in side effects of the IUD were not fully explained, a 145
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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government goal is a nationwide rat
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North America's population in 2000
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IBox 4.6 Three views of population
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TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
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Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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implied by a simple division of tot
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and on farms. But the evidence on e
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get in GDP. Alternatively, all or p
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youths, who are presumably able to
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saving because they come from the c
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acre increased from 15.4 million to
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Page 110 and 111: is so scarce, they can do so only o
Page 112 and 113: from rural to urban areas mainly re
Page 114 and 115: other developing countries suggests
Page 116 and 117: emigration by providing information
Page 118 and 119: Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
Page 120 and 121: 6 Slowing population growth Experie
Page 122 and 123: feTtility; nor is it easy to judge
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Page 126 and 127: etter education and health services
Page 128 and 129: TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
Page 130 and 131: effectiveness of existing laws, ins
Page 132 and 133: in the 1950s and 1960s, fertility w
Page 134 and 135: FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
Page 136 and 137: Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of chi
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Page 140 and 141: Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
Page 142 and 143: Box"7.1 Family planning for health
Page 144 and 145: FIGURE 71 88 in Romania (1979). Res
Page 146 and 147: 132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
Page 148 and 149: TABLE 7.2 Percentage of married wom
Page 150 and 151: TABLE 7.3 Discontinuation of contra
Page 152 and 153: may be delaying a first pregnancy,
Page 154 and 155: family planning and maternal and ch
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Page 162 and 163: measuring social acceptability, or
Page 164 and 165: Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
Page 166 and 167: costs per user. Public cost per use
Page 168 and 169: sanguine, however, as soon as one t
Page 170 and 171: TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
Page 172 and 173: Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
Page 174 and 175: FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
Page 176 and 177: improving the availability of famil
Page 178 and 179: Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
Page 180 and 181: Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
Page 182 and 183: FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
Page 184 and 185: growth. Fertility has declined in t
Page 186 and 187: Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
Page 188 and 189: FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
Page 190 and 191: able several types of condoms, pill
Page 192 and 193: housing schemes to parents with onl
Page 194 and 195: and training, data collection and a
Page 196 and 197: 9 Ten years of experience Much that
Page 198 and 199: ecause few effective methods are of
Page 200 and 201: Population data supplement The six
Page 202 and 203: Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
Page 204 and 205: 190 Births and total fertility =Ice
Page 206 and 207: Table 1. Population projections Rat
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Table 2. Population composition Low
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Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
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Table 5. Status of women Number enr
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Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
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Bibliographical note This Report ha
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Background papers Note: Source refe
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-1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
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I I
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Table 10. Structure of merchandise
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Key In each table, economies are li
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same order is used in all tables. T
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Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
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Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
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Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
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Table 3. Structure of production GD
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Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
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Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
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Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
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Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
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Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
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Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
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Table 12. Origin and destination of
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Table 13. Origin and destination of
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Table 14. Balance of payments and r
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Table 15. Flow of public and public
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Table 16. External public debt and
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Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
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Table 18. Official development assi
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Table 19. Population growth and pro
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Table 20. Demographic and fertility
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Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
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Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
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Table 23. Indicators related to lif
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Table 24. Health-related indicators
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Table 25. Education Number Number e
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Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
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Table 27. Central government curren
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Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
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Technical notes This edition of the
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difficulties in assigning subsisten
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series in national currencies are a
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Public loans are external obligatio
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estimates, the total fertility rate
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expenditure and current revenue sho
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Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Development Report 1984

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