Box 6.3 Mleasuring the value of children I' r,-nrr31 par-,I i t r %Tng I.. , ,tfnLmt F.r Ii. - ri.,I '1I Th, t c I Th,: rtr:m i , r. 4p.r. In;- cr .ncd:rn , ,.n s p-,,,ni. -. I b h.r,,r,.. ujid nlr-1 1- nr,id.,r c-ni tlI,, n,.r -i..r! i,hilld I. -Iu,~ A-n? *.n-h,L i,--I-.*h , r -. : npin. ill,, in-- r..- 3 ',i -I . i l L. .r-h.s d ,..~.I -,I.n r h.,r Yaml hI T i~. .I'. z p I d -. .n d .. II.. td -.*cIr .:. i rn.~ nr: t.r n 1hr . -r.. j .hl r t.i riL..ni1.-d in )r -lchi -r,s n 3rd iiS L onir.. ~r .i u In I, v,r Sb.. a, d. lbI .r- F.r. r.r. r , r II t.. ril. , 1- Trd i,i,. 1.-r snd- rh. 1 r p. 7kii pr,:r. I i ra 1 Ih . rr Im r, J i- i~ r.pI Tr i - -il .. r.s, r i,ri* i .- p.:rr d- ,.d i n TI- .Iri -ill sc*. rh.r,1, Ic. i~~~~~~~~~ - ,n r"-ii.s~~~~r.- --,.1,t *ur.j p .1. Is., *T -, N- ri I i.r .h,Idrcn I..I.1c ir lirirr,r, T t 1 I r- I.... ~ ~ ~ ~~i nTr -Iuir. ,. ,.,- hr r .i-i T rcts i - r.s t-.s, ,rsi i-J ,,rh ii.pi. r.itih h isr,i . Ir I-j. .rrs J i h. .f p. c.: Idrj p r *, ., t.. ndi, l- sh P r,.- i T. . Pi I F-i , Ti.d -uI n TI- -p. i 1,I-- I -i.I. rul iri t. ..s,.o,r ir ib. r-..'- h..iItn.I ,: Tr, Il-4-.-r,. r. nT 5r ir 311 . 1..,j r, . dir.,I. r~,.r ,r nin7. o F h.. LnI,.i uf 1 i TIput-tI iils i .r. L~- r,-nt.r I- . , in. h: 1..I - r -T.-, Iu'-.. f_* TI t. r F.,sIdIi..T T ,bIdr. Ii.t - L r.i,*l -.s, . I-.~.,.rs, ,.r,.- rij, I drs IIn rL i. r i.n.,rT rid irL :, -U . . A.- hIA Ic -Iit. .. r , j. F i. I rin .hicl n .r. F.-.r r-.- k r- h, .,r--c I IcI.,r :ttu.I., I.. .. iiiriii, . ,.,,-,s r..h~I.I.-.,.. 1 ....- T.r.T r. Ti7 PhIFlir... I-. . . r Fr. n.r,,r. is... ii. ii- r.. T.-ri.. h h *, .- .r T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I .. 1 t.i- r rr 4,, r n h n L r b - . rh, -*r. Jb '., .- . .-u. 1. I-ip * ii-, - .icii I. ~~in,_ ~1 ., LuTr, i......--Ij L'. ,1r Ws -u. ,,I -. . :r,.-r L - i, I. r Th. "i,cisT. [-,- ... 1 ..u.. .rI .tl,Trits,i,., T- uli ir -ii .. 1.~ r 1t-s.. r.. . ,rz,snh . -c1 Jr -T. -tjr, bsIr.- . . r - . in. rji .I I...fS , r, i.-J .r,,ij I d.ii.- . r,- .. n.. h rth sr .p.:1-.-d r nil .jj. .7r,.1,-is li kiii .. Iir.I1rr, h 5 Ir. n..-.- r .L i 1'.n r c- triT t T. 1--r .bi,l. iT,rr. t.. -. i, .. iI th.I.u .,r -tb -r, rIu . 1r rIi. Lnpr.11 ~. . rlF Is r,r I . r r, . rd Ir --,% i 1r , Ir.. . r t-I.11 Ir L i.r. I, .. s I jrli rsin Is - h , i rIrr.rr.I s r -, . r..nd I jr--. N . -- 'r ,i r.,. r. tr-h, .r- n i-.i jT;i. r..... -Inp.ir- Ni-ird -. 1.1 Ih i-. rn, -L- ,.r II- , rr .t -,-r . -i . nsr.. I,,,, - :r ri..r, r. i. IT .-.- 1.-r,tii ii..i ih- -. .,JI r ...s -I .i,.- b. ,il.r 1nsrTr fli I. chil ..- qsr w 1 '. I. F-. I - ..I h .- 1 -. . I r . isli t TI Ud. , -,.) 5 .lui a c r,ii r ir i tJd i r, -. . * Th..,I I r V.,T ih.- I .i.i.- hrI. :r-.s.r- . _ ri . iu h-.I rh.,Ijth nI-,-. C- 1h,. -..rr .r ,-. r p -.-. - , sl-r-rl. r Ip F-.'r. ,-, SI-.) -T I ....F.l. IlfU T-j,s.uiu su bearing ortoueo I TI It Urcetie.1 theyrxten fur- and may, threor affec..1-,rt deiehail ie(e ther the subsidy governments prov~~~~~T ideI whenthe I Box 63).t t Incentives offe atrnativ way,t use public resources to, de-liver. famil , plannin ensure thebenefit .. chlren might otewsrrservices.~~t Disncntiesareth .- .1 -1- -r t hholding .w of j ide dis-F'.Incentives raise thecssochlrn teaiongtorfamily planning,eprieadin informationfur uatio goals andeor thfectdamaingd effectysiof rapid considher itbmore soeriosl,ends rompdwenstngte for3Paym o ntstceoplves wofe voluteernafor sterisiza cstsviand Diincnentivencae that mightodn o discorae ioeae ie tsullvesante tocomesate ofo thlrael. potniesad iincealiessusers.eain idnd workntimes lost; lkerincentivesy andn fre feamil purTheysle. h ot nbnftfcide plnninge serviaces,so theyh perovideai ubidyta 122 vecuaebrhcnrlbycligatn hyhl nfr epeaotsceyspp
Prt,ei%ed %alue t childdren in t ledled countrieI/ & "lF | *l r ,r 1 | 1, !,,, ,;. .I s -, . r - a i ;a. l r , ! l. n I 1,;, :~cpro , - \ I u / \ It/ I Pe,csyuued ti hacs -I r in ll-ir -n m rr c n a ,ele.aed countries I |~~~~~~~r I.,; th ;Ilr n t h -, 1 -r ,Ih. i ,,l ir, p r :.[........ ,1- , ih- . . ''L Id L". 1r nhif-. ,d. I, ... rt.. L ., irJ iIii t p'luli a ~:_~ ulz ,.,d.. ..cu.A 1 ii. ~* LI 1-, ,r ii t.l Li ,L;i . iii, hirL.Itt h'-.al \r 4
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Oxford University Press NEW YORK OX
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labor markets. And they have a vest
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8 The policy agenda 155 Population
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Boxes 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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Glossary Demographic terms informat
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I I
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countries regain their momentum of
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4 Box 1.1 The arithmetic of populat
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example. Between 1955 and 1980 inco
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ment-all the more so if human skill
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etween 1 and 2 percent-moderate com
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FIGURE 2.1 directions-with a lag in
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14 Distribution of product among se
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TABLE 2.2 Rates of growth in the re
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export restraints and orderly marke
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Box 2.2 Comparisons between the 193
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TABLE 2.6 indebtedness is denominat
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TABLE 2.7 Change in export prices a
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Burundi, Guinea, Mali, Malawi, and
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TABLE 2.9 Exports from developing c
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of rapid and painful adjustment for
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In many countries internal adjustme
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3 Prospects for sustained growth Wi
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TABLE 3.2 Growth of GDP per capita,
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TABLE 3.4 Current account balance a
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over time. The main focus of indust
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TABLE 3.6 Growth of trade in develo
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Box 3.3 Delinking from the world ec
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nal surplus. The resulting rise in
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Because the public sector in low-in
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developing-country creditworthiness
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themselves and, by caring for young
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fertility in a changing world is a
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nize contraceptive services. As wil
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Economic transformation: Europe, Ja
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scious control of family size, prob
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Box 4.3 The European fertility tran
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FIGURE 4.2 Birth and death rates an
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Box 4.4 Alternative measures of fer
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largest city in 1950, will not even
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FIGURE 4.4 Fertility in relation to
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- Page 88 and 89: North America's population in 2000
- Page 90 and 91: IBox 4.6 Three views of population
- Page 92 and 93: TABLE 4.6 Population size and densi
- Page 94 and 95: Box 5.1 Consequences of population
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- Page 116 and 117: emigration by providing information
- Page 118 and 119: Box 5.7 Coping with rapid fertility
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- Page 128 and 129: TABLE 6.1 Total fertility rates and
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- Page 134 and 135: FIGURE 6.6 Fertility dedine within
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- Page 140 and 141: Box 6.4 A deferred incentive scheme
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- Page 146 and 147: 132 Box 7.2 Birth planning technolo
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- Page 154 and 155: family planning and maternal and ch
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- Page 158 and 159: Box 7.6 The impact of service quali
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- Page 164 and 165: Box 7.7 Military versus social expe
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- Page 170 and 171: TABLE 8.1 Population policy indicat
- Page 172 and 173: Box 8.2 China's census: counting a
- Page 174 and 175: FAMILY PLANNING. In many countries-
- Page 176 and 177: improving the availability of famil
- Page 178 and 179: Box 8.4 Africa: how much land, how
- Page 180 and 181: Box 8.5 Infertility: a challenge to
- Page 182 and 183: FIGURE 8.2 upper Egypt want no more
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Box 8.7 Changing policies and attit
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FIGURE 8.6 childbearing age have un
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able several types of condoms, pill
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housing schemes to parents with onl
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and training, data collection and a
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9 Ten years of experience Much that
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ecause few effective methods are of
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Population data supplement The six
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Table 4. Factors influencing fertil
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190 Births and total fertility =Ice
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Table 1. Population projections Rat
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Table 2. Population composition Low
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Table 3. Contraceptive use and unme
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Table 5. Status of women Number enr
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Table 6. Family planning policy _ _
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Bibliographical note This Report ha
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Background papers Note: Source refe
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-1984. "The Malthusian Case: Preind
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I I
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Table 10. Structure of merchandise
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Key In each table, economies are li
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same order is used in all tables. T
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Population I~~~~ - * S: ~ -- ' X -
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Table 1. Basic indicators GNP per c
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Table 2. Growthi of production Aver
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Table 3. Structure of production GD
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Table 4. Growth of consumption-and
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Tadble 5. Structure of demand Distr
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Table 6. Agriculture and food Value
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Table 7. Industr Distribution of ma
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Table 8. Commercial energy Energy c
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Table 9. Growthi of merchandise tra
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Table 10. Structure of merchandise
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Table 11. Structure of merchandise
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Table 12. Origin and destination of
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Table 13. Origin and destination of
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Table 14. Balance of payments and r
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Table 15. Flow of public and public
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Table 16. External public debt and
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Table 17. Terms of public borrowing
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Table 18. Official development assi
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Table 19. Population growth and pro
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Table 20. Demographic and fertility
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Table 21. Labor force Percentage of
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Table 22. Urbanization Urban popula
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Table 23. Indicators related to lif
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Table 24. Health-related indicators
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Table 25. Education Number Number e
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Table 26. Central goverrnment expen
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Table 27. Central government curren
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Table 28. In-come distribution Perc
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Technical notes This edition of the
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difficulties in assigning subsisten
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series in national currencies are a
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Public loans are external obligatio
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estimates, the total fertility rate
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expenditure and current revenue sho
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Bibliography of data sources Nation