Plate Tectonics: The Grand Unifying Theory of Geology

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What Drives Plate Motions? • The old hypothesis was that the asthenosphere contains convection cells, which drive plate motions. This is only partly true… • These cells bring hot molten material up in some regions (divergent) and pulls cold material down in other regions (subduction) • Scientists tested this hypothesis and found that they could not replicate the motions of plates with simple convection cells. • So, convective cells probably do exist, but they are not the main driver of plate motions
Ridge-Push and Slab-Pull forces • Divergent boundaries are driven by a ridge-push force. • Ridge-Push is driven by gravity • Slab-Pull force drives subduction (also from gravity) • Dense lithosphere sinks and once it starts to sink the density difference pulls the rest of the plate with the sinking slab
Page 1 and 2: Plate Tectonics The Grand Unifying
Page 3 and 4: Elevations and Lithospheric Loading
Page 5 and 6: Why Are Continents Higher? • Cont
Page 7 and 8: Plate boundaries are zones of many
Page 9 and 10: The Major Plates of Earth’s Litho
Page 11 and 12: Type 2 - Convergent Plate Boundary
Page 13 and 14: Divergent Boundaries • Sea-floor
Page 15 and 16: New Oceanic Crust at Mid-Ocean Ridg
Page 17 and 18: Why Are Mid-Ocean Ridges Elevated?
Page 19 and 20: Pillow Pillows In The Field Pillow
Page 21 and 22: Convergent Plate Boundaries: Subduc
Page 23 and 24: Convergent Boundaries • Accretion
Page 25 and 26: The Wadati-Benioff Zone • How do
Page 27 and 28: Subduction and Island Arcs Island A
Page 29 and 30: Transform Boundaries • Lithospher
Page 31 and 32: Transform Plate Boundaries - No Net
Page 33 and 34: SAF Aerial View
Page 35 and 36: Hot Spots • Not all volcanoes on
Page 37 and 38: The orientation of the Hawaiian arc
Page 40 and 41: The Birth of a Divergent boundary
Page 42 and 43: • The western U.S. - most of Neva
Page 46 and 47: • Thanks to GPS and other geodeti
Page 48 and 49: Relative Plate Velocities Ignore re

Plate Tectonics: The Grand Unifying Theory of Geology

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