Before Jerusalem Fell
by Kenneth L. Gentry by Kenneth L. Gentry
The Beast’s Red Color The Role of Nero Caesar 217 The red color of the beast (Rev. 17:3) may also point to Nero. Certainly the colors of the harlot’s garments (Rev. 17:4) seem to be colors appropriate for either of the two leading interpretations as to her identity. If she represents imperial Rome the scarlet and purple well suggest the colors of the robes of the emperor. If she is representative of Jerusalem, the colors reflect the colors of the high priest’s garments and of the temple’s curtains. It would seem most appropriate to expect the red color of the beast to also correspond to the person designated as the beast whose number is 666. It is true, of course, that the red color may be indicative of the bloodshed caused by the beast. This possibility readily suggests itself to even the casual reader (cp. Rev. 6:4). Nevertheless, Weigall pointed to another potential rationale for the red color: Nero’s red beard. lm Suetonius writes of the legend associated with Nero’s ancestral parentage, which “explains” why he had a red beard: Of the Domitian family two branches have acquired distinction, the Calvini and the Ahenobarbi.l 10 The latter have as the founder of their race and the origin of their surname Lucius Domitius, to whom, as he was returning from the country, there once appeared twin youths of more than mortal majesty, so it is said, and bade him carry to the senate and people the news of a victory, which was as yet unknown. And as a token of their divinity it is said that they stroked his cheeks and turned his black beard to a ruddy hue, like that of bronze. This sign was perpetuated in his descendants, a great part of whom had red beards. 111 Obviously Nero’s red beard (which he wore for a time) was noteworthy, for here is a legend created in explanation of it. The red color of the beast of Revelation serves nicely as an identifier. The Beast’s Death The manner of Nero’s death corresponds with the prophecy of Revelation 13:10, 14: If anyone is destined for captivity, to captivity he goes; if any one kills with the sword, with the sword he must be killed. Here is the persever- 109. Weigall, Nero, p. 299. 110. “Ahenobarbus” means “red beard.” See Weigall, Nero, p. 25. 111. Suetonius, Nero 1:1,
218 BEFORE JERUSALEM FELL anceand the faith of the saints (Rev. 13:10). And he deceives those who dwell on the earth because of the signs which it was given him to perform in the presence of the beast telling those who dwell on the earth to make an image to the beast who had the wound of the sword and has come to life (Rev. 13:14). In the context of speaking of the beast, John gives encouragement to those whom the beast was presently afflicting:”2 “Here is the perseverance and the ftith of the saints, “ i.e., that the beast who slays by the sword would also be slain by the sword. That Nero did in fact kill by the sword (and by many other means) is well-attested fact. Paul, for example, is said to have died under Nero by decapitation by means of the sword.113 Tertullian credits “Nero’s cruel sword” as providing the martyr’s blood as seed for the church. 1‘4 Just as well-attested is the fact of Nero’s own death by sword. According to Suetonius, he “drove a dagger into his throat, aided by Epaphroditus, his private secretary.”’15 He not only killed others by the sword, but himself as Revelation mentions. Again, this evidence alone cannot compel the conclusion that Nero is in mind; many emperors died by the sword, even Domitian. But it quite harmoniously lends its voice to the chorus of other evidences, both major and minor. Conclusion The role of Nero Caesar in Revelation is written large. As all roads lead to Rome, so do they all terminate at Nero Caesar’s palace. The factors pointing to Nero in Revelation are numerous and varied, including even intricate and subtle minutiae. It is difficult to discount the many ways in which Nero fits the expectations of Revelation. He is the only contemporary historical figure that can possibly fulfill all of the requirements. Contrary to Swete, Mounce, and others who fear that the key to Revelation’s “666” is lost, we suggest that the key is actually in the keyhole. 112. John himself currently was exiled to Patmos while under “the tribulation” (Rw. 1 :9). The beast was destined to die in the future (Rev. 13:10): “he must be killed by the sword.” This was to be soon after the Revelation was written (Rw. 1:1, 3, 19; 22:6ff.). 113. Eusebius, Ecclesiadtial Hi.stoT 2:25:5; Tertullian, lle Exclusion of Heretia 36. 114. Tertullian, Apolo~ 21. 115. Nero 49:2.
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The Beast’s Red Color<br />
The Role of Nero Caesar 217<br />
The red color of the beast (Rev. 17:3) may also point to Nero.<br />
Certainly the colors of the harlot’s garments (Rev. 17:4) seem to be<br />
colors appropriate for either of the two leading interpretations as to<br />
her identity. If she represents imperial Rome the scarlet and purple<br />
well suggest the colors of the robes of the emperor. If she is representative<br />
of <strong>Jerusalem</strong>, the colors reflect the colors of the high priest’s<br />
garments and of the temple’s curtains. It would seem most appropriate<br />
to expect the red color of the beast to also correspond to the<br />
person designated as the beast whose number is 666.<br />
It is true, of course, that the red color may be indicative of the<br />
bloodshed caused by the beast. This possibility readily suggests itself<br />
to even the casual reader (cp. Rev. 6:4). Nevertheless, Weigall pointed<br />
to another potential rationale for the red color: Nero’s red beard. lm<br />
Suetonius writes of the legend associated with Nero’s ancestral parentage,<br />
which “explains” why he had a red beard:<br />
Of the Domitian family two branches have acquired distinction, the<br />
Calvini and the Ahenobarbi.l 10 The latter have as the founder of their<br />
race and the origin of their surname Lucius Domitius, to whom, as<br />
he was returning from the country, there once appeared twin youths<br />
of more than mortal majesty, so it is said, and bade him carry to the<br />
senate and people the news of a victory, which was as yet unknown.<br />
And as a token of their divinity it is said that they stroked his cheeks<br />
and turned his black beard to a ruddy hue, like that of bronze. This<br />
sign was perpetuated in his descendants, a great part of whom had<br />
red beards. 111<br />
Obviously Nero’s red beard (which he wore for a time) was noteworthy,<br />
for here is a legend created in explanation of it. The red color of<br />
the beast of Revelation serves nicely as an identifier.<br />
The Beast’s Death<br />
The manner of Nero’s death corresponds with the prophecy of<br />
Revelation 13:10, 14:<br />
If anyone is destined for captivity, to captivity he goes; if any one kills<br />
with the sword, with the sword he must be killed. Here is the persever-<br />
109. Weigall, Nero, p. 299.<br />
110. “Ahenobarbus” means “red beard.” See Weigall, Nero, p. 25.<br />
111. Suetonius, Nero 1:1,